THE HUNDRED YEARS’ WAR 1337-1453 The Hundred Years War was the last great medieval war. It was a war not just between Kings, but lesser nobles were also able to pursue their own personal agendas while participating in the larger conflict. Future wars saw far less factionalism, at least on the scale found in medieval conflicts. The Hundred Years War was actually dozens of little wars and hundreds of battles and sieges that went on for over a century until both sides were exhausted. While neither side won in any real sense, the end result was that while there were two kingdoms at the beginning of the war, there were two nations at the end of it. In 1337, most of the English nobility spoke French, although most knew enough English to deal with their subjects. When Duke William of Normandy conquered England in 1066, he did so as a French noble. But since Duke William had conquered a kingdom, he had become king of England while remaining duke of Normandy. Duke William also replaced nearly all the Anglo-Saxon aristocracy with French nobles. During the next two centuries, the French speaking English kings acquired even more property in France. Finally, in the 13th century, a particularly able French king took most of this land away from the English king. But by the early 14th century, two French provinces, Gascony and Guyenne, were still ruled by the English king, and in 1337 the French king Philip the 6th demanded that these provinces be returned to French control. The English king, Edward the 3rd , did not want to violate the feudal bonds that united all of Europe by defying Philip, his feudal overlord for those provinces. So Edward challenged Philip’s claim to the French throne, asserting that his own claim (which did in fact exist) was superior. Thus the war began, with Philip the 6th claiming the right to appoint French nobles as rulers of Gascony and Guyenne, and Edward the 3rd claiming that he was the rightful king of France and England. There were other issues involved. England had major financial interests in the wool industry in Flanders (then a part of France) and France supported the Scots in their wars against England. Moreover, England had b... ... middle of paper ... ...les' daughter. The son of this marriage (Henry the 6th) would be the king of France and England. It looked as though England had finally won. But the disinherited Dauphin continued to resist. Henry the 5th unexpectedly died in August 1422, followed in October by Charles the 6th , with the nine month old Henry the 6th not yet ready to receive the two crowns. Despite the efforts of Henry the 5th's able brothers to hold things together. Joan of Arc came and went. The Burgundians turned on their English allies, and by 1453, the French, aided by these developments and the increasing professionalism of their army had driven the English from the Continent. This gave the English a few years to get ready for the War of the Roses, while the French took care of some internal problems and got ready for the first of many invasions of Italy. Bibliography - Contamine, Philippe, War in the Middle Ages (1984) - WWW. TheHundredYearsWarHistoryHomePage.Com
The book begins with King Henry V’s marriage to Catherine de Valois, a French princess. Henry V was a glorious king and a famous military commander. However, his early death in 1422 left his infant son, Henry VI, as the heir of both
...battle marked the end of the fighting in Northern France. After being pushed out of northern France, Henry VI sent an army to Bordeaux in an attempt to gain at least some territory in France. The French responded by besieging the town of Castillon. In an attempt to lift the siege, the English attack the French force besieging the town. The English are defeated once more and are driven out of both Castillon and Bordeaux. The only remaining English territory in France was the coast of Calais, which remained in English control until the mid 1500s.
By the year 1754 conflict had erupted between France and Britain over colonial borders in the new world. Britain was expanding her American colonies westward, and France was alarmed by Britain’s aggressive movement into traditionally French or Indian territories. The spur had begun when French soldiers captured a British expedition led by George Washington; he was dispatched by Gov. Robert Dinwiddie on a fruitless mission to warn the French commander at Fort Le Boeuf against further encroachment on territory claimed by Britain. The consequential conflict, known as the French and Indian War, lasted from 1754 to 1763 and had a profound impact on Britain’s dealings with the colonies in America which ultimately led to the American Revolution.
King William's War was a war fought in England over religious differences between the English and French. In the colonies, however, it was fought over not only religious differences but also over jealousies concerning fisheries and the fur trade in the St. Lawrence area. Both the English and the French knew that the Indians of the area would play a large part in the war, whichever side they took...
France had to declare bankruptcy after the American Revolution--war and debt helped bring down the monarchy. King, in 1787, called the Estates General, an assembly of noblemen buried since 1614. Thus the Revolution becan with an aristocratic attempt to recapture the state. "Men born and live free and equal under the law." Not democratic, but constitutional. The King was not King of France, but King of the French!!
Not only was this war between kings, but lesser nobles too were fighting for their own interests, while they fought for their country. Looking back two centuries earlier can be seen as the true cause for this war. When Duke William of Normandy conquered England in 1066, he did so as a subject of the French King. The French speaking English Kings to follow gained more and more land from the English. But the English King still ruled two French provinces, Gascony and Guyenne. In the 14th century, the French king Philip VI demanded that the English return these provinces to the French. When Edward III denied Philip VI of this, saying that Philip's claim to the French thrown was not as strong as Edward's own right to rule both France and England, war broke out.
As almost anyone with the slightest knowledge of European history can tell you, the French and the British do not like each other. Some French and British people still hate each other today for issues that occurred 100 of years ago. So on top of the conflict that is already present between France and Great Britain there is a new one in the pursuit of gaining more land and power for one’s cou...
revolting Americans, for they were deeply humiliated by England in the Seven Years War (1756-1763), and they wanted to help them defeat England in any way. Since France was such a leading and influential country at this time, after the French began to aide America, other countries, such as Spain and Dutch and Russia, followed their lead and came to the Americans side.
1. What is the difference between Introduction 2. What is the difference between History 3. What is the difference between a's Planning / Preparation 4.
In 1492, the discovery of the Americas became a major milestone in history as it instantly affected various economic systems and political relationships in Western European countries. Global trading and colonization resulted in the rising dominance of Western European countries during the time period. The development of naval equipment and forces skyrocketed because of its crucial importance in the race for colonization. In the midst of the 1700’s, Britain and many other Western European countries have established a controlling dominance around the globe through a widespread colonization of the Americas. As more and more colonies were being chartered, European countries began to compete with each other for territory. One such conflict was the French and Indian War.
his nephew he should be king, but the majority of the French were against Edward
The Hundred Years War took place between France and England between the years 1337 and 1453, which is ironically one hundred and sixteen years. The war was fought over a couple issues, which include, an English King wanting to claim the French throne and also because the French king Phillip VI wanted to own territories
The need for power dictated much of the decision making process of the leaders during the European Renaissance, and one factor that greatly impacted the struggle of power was the dispute over who should have control over England’s throne and all of its assets. During this time period, power changed hands often and new kings emerged quickly and disappeared frequently. This was a time where the people questioned their authority and who was the rightful ruler of the land. (Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica) The Wars of the Roses, as they became known as devastated most of the upper noble class while the lower and middle classes were indifferent and relatively untouched by it. Starting in 1455, opposing factions met at St. Albans where the first king had been killed, which marked the start of the dynastic civil wars. David Ross noted in regards to the wars that,” In reality these squabbles were an indication of the lawlessness that ran rampant in the land. More squalid than romantic, the Wars of the Roses decimated both houses in an interminably long, bloody struggle for the throne.”(2). It was not until Henry VII defeated a Yorkist r...
King Henry IV was the great-grandson of Edward III who also thought that he was entitled to rule France and so the battles continued. In 1387, Henry IV had three sons one of which was named Prince Hal. Price Hal was groomed to be king and continued the fight with France for territory as his father and grandfather had done. He believe...
The Thirty Years’ War was the last major religious war in Europe. The war started in 1618 and lasted until 1648. This made it rather convenient for Historians and they decided to call the war “The Thirty Years’ War”. The war is often forgotten, and I dare say that the majority of the American population doesn’t even know that the Thirty Years’ War is a thing. I wanted to expand my knowledge and learn about this great and mystical thing historians call the “Thirty Years’ War”. So, What was the Thirty Years’ Wars and what effects did the war have on Europe?