Developing countries are in a situation immensely different than that of developed countries. Fertility rates in developing countries are generally declining, but still above the replacement level (Wright 2005). Population growth occurs when the births out number the deaths. At this population momentum, even after the total fertility rate is reduced to the replacement level, enormous growth is in store for developing countries (Wright 2005).
In developed countries like the United States, it is seemly different in that a developed population profile will increase and decrease accordingly (Wright 2005). This is due to demographic changes in comparison. As populations become larger and healthier we tend to see a decline in fertility rates. Declining fertility rates in the last three decades have resulted in decreasing rate of population growth, but growth still remains steady at 2.1 percent per year which is adding 77 million per year worldwide (Wright 2005).
Population growth of developing countries, half of which are poor low-income countries, will continue to grow, while populations of developed countries will stabilize or even decline (Wright 2005).
Epidemiological transition is a pattern of change in morality factors. We can consider it as the shift from infectious and deficiency diseases to chronic noncommunicable diseases (Wahdan 1996).
The epidemiological transition was thought to be a unidirectional process, beginning when infectious diseases were predominant and ending when noncommunicable diseases dominated the causes of death. It is now evident that this transition is more complex and dynamic where health and disease evolve in diverse ways. It is rather a continuous transformation process wi...
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Every ecosystem has a "carrying capacity", in saying that, there is a limit or a maximum population that a given habitat can support without the habitat being degraded over time (Wright 2005). As Malthus pointed out, an increasing population will outgrow its food supply. Increasing population increases the rate of resource depletion. This
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may lead to competition in other areas such as land to grow food, lack of shelter, lack of work, lack of medicine and also may lead to selection, predation and famine.
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References
Wahdan, M. (1996) The Epidemiological Transition. Volume 2, Issue 1. Retrieved January 14, 2005 at www.emro.who.int/Publications/EMHJ/0201/02.htm.
Wright, R. (2005) Environmental Science. Ninth Edition. Prentice-Hall.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. (pages 124-174).
made it difficult to grow food. Overpopulation is the condition of having a population so
Population continues to grow and is expected to reach an all time high in future years. There are tons of different reasons for why population is rising so quickly. In document d, it says, "Every second 5 people are born and 2 people die, a net gain of 3 people. This fact from document d shows one reason why population growth is at all time high. Document d, also states "At this rate, the world population will double every 40 years and would be 12 billion in 40 years, 24 billion in 80 years, and more than 48 billion in 120 years." This will create tons of difficulties, like the amount of food and supplies needed for the world, which will make it nearly impossible for supplies to keep pace with the population growth. Document a shows
In many of the developing countries perhaps, another factor that they relate to population is poverty. If the number of population is high then there is the existence of poverty which ultimately leads to resource scarcity. But this is barely true, studies shows that there is no direct link between population growth and poverty. National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in the United States concluded in its 1986 report, titled Population Growth and Economic Development as cited by Jan (2003) that it is misleading to equate poverty with population growth per se. It found that the claim that population growth led to resource exhaustion was mistaken and it pointed out that to a great extent environmental problems could be resolved by appropriate government policies designed to correct market failure. This study was later confirmed by the Independent Inquiry Report in to Population and Development (IIRPD) commissioned by the Australian Government in 1994. It acknowledged a positive correlation between population growth and sustainable development (Jan, 2003).
Life expectancy in many parts of the world has increased since 1800 (Life Expectancy by Age, n.d). To understand these changes we can study the demographic transition, the changes in birth and death rates over extended periods of time. The industrial revolution has significantly improved the conditions of humans and in 20th century death rates declined but the birth rates remained unchanged. In many of today’s developed countries both rates have declined; however, in developing countries, while death rates have declined due the improvements of living conditions, the birth rates are still high which has caused a record high population growth (HAUB & GRIBBLE, 2011).
Many scientist and specifically sociologists are concerned with the population on planet Earth. Many couples today are choosing not to have children. This choice does not just effect the couples personally, however it effects the whole country's demographic. The increase in childlessness among couples generates economic and social problems. Many countries are facing this problem. Hara in a journal article mentions that Japan and Germany are a couple of the countries that are going through childlessness (Hara, 2008).Today, more than 80 countries depend on immigration to prevent the populations from declining, due to the death rate being higher than birth rate. (Becker-Posner, 2013) How will declining birth rates affect demographics in many countries around the world? How will it affect the Global economy? How will it affect societies in different countries; will it raise social and racial tensions? Will it affect relations
Epidemiological transition theory is the idea that there are complex changes in patterns of health and disease in relation with demographic and technologic transitions. The original three phases include the age of pestilence and famine, the age of receding pandemics, and the age of degenerative and man-made diseases (Omran, 2005). The age of pestilence and famine is characterized by high mortality due to war, famine, and epidemic outbreaks (Omran, 2005). Very few countries are in this phase as average life expectancy has increased globally. However, in Africa, ongoing conflict and famine continue to plague many populations. In the age of receding pandemics, average life expectancy increases and infectious disease outbreaks become fewer in frequency
1) The epidemiological transition is the shift from infectious- to chronic-disease causes of mortality that, as Friedan (2015) points out, has occurred all over the world, but particularly in wealthier nations, due to advances in public health and medicine. While the demographic transition can complement the epidemiological transition, it is not the same because it shows an interplay of birth and death rates influencing population growth (Macinko, 2016). Furthermore, unlike the epidemiological transition, the demographic transition does not explicitly isolate disease causes of mortality (Colgrove, 2002). 2) Social stratification is the idea that people are arranged into groups of unequal power according to characteristics like age, sex, race/ethnicity,
Hardin argues how the world only has so many resources and opportunities for agriculture to be expended. Therefore, with enough increase in population, these resources will become extinct. Thus, humans will run out of food and eventually starve to death. As Hardin declares, “a finite world can only support a finite population” (Hardin 98).
The population will continue growing and will peak in 2030 and start to decrease in 2050. Works Cited Pam, and Max. Comparing Population of Countries. Lady Luck Enterprises, 1998-2014.
The human population growth rate is an alarming issue that brings with it irreversible consequences, that will likely effect the way of life for future generations to come. With the serious incline in population statistics comes catastrophic processes such as global warming and deforestation that have major ‘knock on’ ramifications. It’s issues such as these that need to be considered when we think about the growth of the human population, and we must take into account why these issues are occurring. We must also explore the options available to us that may assist in limiting the problems, or eliminating them all together, to provide a better place, not only for us in existence now, but also those who will walk this earth in the future decades and centuries to come.
Population growth is the change in population over a period of time. It happens due to a number of factors such as standard of living, cultural factors, and government policies. When the standard of living become better such as the improvement of social conditions ( shelter, sanitation, clean water , health care and etc) death rate and birth rate reduce as more people become inclined to have fewer children. As standard of living increases, there will be more immigrants thus an increase in population. Government policies which encourage people to have lesser or more children also has a significant effect on birth rate too.
One of the major effects of the huge population increase has been the depletion of natural resources and the destruction of ecosystems. In the 1960's, theorist Paul Ehrlich predicted that, given the skyrocketing figures of human population, the amount of food produced would not grow at a fast enough rate for human survival (Professor Carr Everbach, personal communication). He predicted mass starvation and death by the year 2000 as the result of uncontrolled population growth. Clearly, this did not occur. Ehrlich did not foresee the advancements ma...
An increase in human population can influence our economy. Some of the factors that are affected are unemployment, poverty and the restriction of economic expansion. When the population increases, the cost of health, education, and other areas of urban growth are affected. Unempl...
“Thus sustainable development can only be pursued if population size and growth are in harmony with the changing productive potential of the ecosystem (p.
Overpopulation is a growing problem all over the world. This is a very important environmental issue and needs to be dealt with. This environmental problem is affecting many countries around the world, but mostly the poor and impoverished countries that don’t have the resources to help deal with these issues. It also affects the environment like plants, animal life and air quality. When the population of people expands we need more natural resources from the environment, so we consume more than we can produce.