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Factors affecting critical thinking
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Components of critical thinking
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Critical thinkers have been known to possess an array of captivating qualities in which have been known to influence many others. The honorable Elijah Muhammad was one of the most astonishing critical thinkers of our time. He was known for his controversial teachings and leadership during a time of racial inequality and social progression. As the leader of The Nation of Islam he influenced the African American community with his teachings of self-independence and advancement of African Americans as the superior race. He has been the inspiration and influence of a few other great critical thinkers such as Malcolm X, Louis Farrakhan, and Muhammad Ali were all followers of Elijah Muhammad’s teachings. The legacy left behind by the great Elijah Muhammad has influenced the people of African descent long after his death.
Elijah Muhammad was born as Robert Poole on October 7, 1897 in Sandersville, Georgia. His parents had thirteen children and later moved the family to Cordele, GA where Elijah grew up. His father William was a sharecropper and his mother Mariah did domestic work in order to provide for the family. He attended school until the fourth grade where he then dropped out to work in sawmills and brickyards to earn money. He then later met a woman by the name of Clara Evans in which he married and had eight children.
In 1923 he moved his family to Detroit Michigan where he went to work in an auto factory. Later in 1931 he met a man by the name of Wallace D. Fard, founder of the black separatist movement Nation of Islam in which later mentored Muhammad and gave him his name. Muhammad adopted Fard’s teachings and converted to the Nation of Islam. Three years later Fard mysteriously disappeared and the Nation of Islam split into...
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...erful over the course of decades. Some of the main endeavors consisted of, the establishment of farms, livestock and vegetable cultivation, food processing centers, health care and administrative offices. In 1972, Muhammad opened a $2 million mosque and school for the Muslims who lived in Chicago.
During his time of leading the Nation of Islam, Elijah Muhammad may have been one of the most ethnologically involved and influential critical thinkers of our time. His great contributions helped the African American race during of time of social struggles that could have been detrimental to its future. He became an influence to other great critical thinker in which helped carry his legacy on. All in all Elijah Muhammad established himself as a great critical thinker by his contributions, integrity, leadership and perseverance during a time of social economic disruption.
In the book, “Rereading America” by, Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle, it starts off on page 210 describing a well educated Black Man of the times in 1960s. “Born Malcolm Little; Malcolm X was one of the most articulate and powerful leaders of Black America during the 1960s. A street hustler convicted of robbery in 1946, he spent seven years in prison, where he educated himself and became a disciple of Elijah Muhammad, founder of the Nation of Islam” (p.210). Here I want to focus on the strength of a single black man in the 60’s and what it was like to be uneducated as an African American. The many struggles of a black person in general were enough, but a black man had it hard.
According to Wallace Fard, “Christianity was the white man’s religion.” Do to this thought; Fard founded the Nation Of Islam in the 1930s. It was believed that Christianity was forced upon the African Americans during slavery. Members of the Nation of Islam worship Allah as their God, and
Malcolm X was often encountered by Muslims from other countries who wished to “enlighten” him with what they felt was true Islam. He was initially very skeptical towards these claims but eventually his curiosity got the better of him. To get to know the religion better, Malcolm was directed by his friends to an Egyptian professor in New York, Dr. Mahmoud Youssef
Malcolm X became one of the leading figures during the civil rights movement with his great ideas and speaking abilities. Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X led the Nation of Islam in the United States. The Nation existed as a growing organization and the government felt that it would turn into a violent association. The FBI became intensely interested in Malcolm after his joining with Elijah Muhammad and began to tap Malcolm X and try to find charges against him so he...
Malcolm set everything in motion when he converted to the Nation of Islam, an African American movement that combined elements of Islam with Black Nationalism. While in prison, his siblings persuaded him to write to the Nation’s leader, Elijah Muhammad. X was uneasy at first, but came around shortly. Malcolm wrote Muhammad a one-page letter each day in curiosity about the Nation of Islam. Muhammad replied as the “Messenger of Allah” welcoming Malcolm into the “true knowledge” (Haley 195). Before X’s release in nineteen fifty-two, he went under an intense self-educated program by reading books in the prison library, and even memorizing an entire dictionary. He also sharpened his forensic skills by participating in debate classes. When Malcolm was released from prison he had his first official visit with Muhammad in Chicago, he devoted his life to the Muslim ministry. Soon Malcolm began traveling and preaching with other ministers. He picked up their techniques and devoured their knowledge. Malcolm quickly rose in the Nation of Islam ranks becoming minister of Temple number eleven in Boston and Muhammad’s most effective recruiter and spokesman. Soon after, X was rewarded minister of Temple number seven in Harlem, New York, the largest and most prestigious after the Chicago Headquarters and eventually named the National Representative of the Nation of Islam, second in rank behind Muhammad himself. Under X’s lieutenancy the nation claimed a membership of five-hundred thousand, as the numbers grew X’s teachings began to change; he wanted to make a vast difference. He spread the glorious history of African Americans. He urged the Nation to become more active in the civil rights protest instead of being a critic on the side. X articulated the Nation’s racial doctrines of evil
Race and religion are two concepts in American culture that can really tie people together, or clearly separate them apart. A group forged by strong common roots in both race and religion can be a powerful societal force, if it wants to be. The Nation of Islam is a small but growing religion in America that has become somewhat of a social movement because of its strong and radical ideas on race. In this paper, I will try to explore the beliefs of the Nation of Islam, and the ramifications it could and has had on racial relations in America. The Nation of Islam, or NOI, is a relatively new religion. The first temple of Islam was established in Detroit by Master Fard Muhammed in 1930. Much of the theology was based on the simple facts that: "Allah is god, the white man is the devil, and the so-called Negroes are the Asiatic black people, the cream of the earth."(1) And, in accordance with their bizarre view of creation, involving a mad scientist creating the white race from the black race, the twentieth century represents the time for black people to regain their rightful position as god¹s chosen people. (1) The Nation of Islam was spawned from Orthodox Islam, an age-old religion. However, Orthodox Islam has openly denounced the NOI as a heretic sect for three main reasons: the NOI¹s rejection of the belief in an afterlife, its tendency to view human leaders as deified figures, and its strong racist attitudes. (2) For a brief time, during the seventies, Wallace Deen Muhammed became the leader of the NOI and tried to take it in a new direction, more conforming to "true Islamic beliefs." This group is now called the American Muslim Mission and still exists in small numbers today. (1) ...
Like his essay “Notes of a Native Son,” James Baldwin’s “Down at the Cross” offers a three-part essay involving Baldwin’s personal adolescent experience, a specific event in Baldwin’s life, and a final analysis concluding with a warning to the readers. Baldwin describes a general experience throughout his life, and his sense of the public’s overall experience, to discuss the progression of America throughout history; the progression of America is the advancement of the American Negro according to Baldwin: “[The American Negro] is the key figure in his country, and the American future is precisely as bright or as dark as his” (Baldwin 340). The Nation of Islam and its leader, Elijah Muhammad, play an important role in Baldwin’s analysis. Baldwin’s early religious involvement prepare him for his experience at Muhammad’s residence, and his combined experiences instigate reflections upon the progress of black and white America since the emancipation of blacks during the Civil War.
In class, we discussed the works of many amazing authors. Two amazing authors, and great leaders as well, that stood out to me the most would be Booker T. Washington and W.E.B Dubois. You could easily compare the two when talking about themes such as post slavery and the reconstruction era. Although they advocated for the same causes, each author had their own views on the subject in itself. There were many points that they strongly disagreed on such as economics, behavior, identity, and education as well. The different philosophies mainly focused on ending racial injustice and the black community as a whole. Each African American leader had unique points of views on the lives and conditions of African Americans in that time and what should
...ionary leader that this country needed but did not necessarily want. He was a controversial and compelling figure in American history. He grew up in harsh circumstances and had to fight his way out of hardship and peril. He used his time of incarceration as a point of reflection, opening himself to new ideas and philosophies. He was reviled by many for his ideas about the revolution against whites; he was also beloved by the African-American community because of his outright and passionate support for the equality of the minority, and the belief that blacks should have a place of power in American society. Malcolm X embodied what the civil rights movement represented and he should be considered as one of its greatest leaders because he helped shape the public’s understanding through his own experiences and his hard-won perspective, leadership, and sacrifice.
By 1963, Malcolm discovered that Elijah Muhammed had deviated his teaching by having children out of marriage. Along with Muhammed’s anger on his remark on the assassination of president Kennedy, Malcolm left the Nation of Islam in 1964 (Biography).
In The Autobiography of Malcolm X, Muslim leader and black rights activist, Malcolm X, changes through a few significant events in his life. He went from an optimistic young boy, to a mischievous, law-breaking hustler, to a reformed man who sought to improve the way America viewed race. From the start of junior high, to his pilgrimage to the Holy City of Mecca, Malcolm X experiences three key events that change his life and develop the central idea of systemic oppression in the text.
The Nation of Islam emerged as a very powerful organization during the 1960s. One of the Nation?s key goals was to create an independent Black America. It further preached about the White man as the devil, thus instilling faith within its followers that White society will be decimated, and Black society will prevail. Through these powerful messages, the Nation of Islam gave African-Americans a claim to divinity and created the notion of Black supremacy. However, in attempting to cement these ideas, the Nation of Islam?s message became extreme to the point of absurdity. While James Baldwin expounds on this irrationality in ?Down at the Cross?, he also understands and agrees with the underlying motivation behind the Nation?s absurd claims.
The Nation of Islam, which Malcolm X was an important member of, is not a religious organization as the name suggests but rather an organization whose goal was to make the lives of African Americans better instead of actually teaching the proper ethics of Islam. One of the main objectives of this organization was Black Nationalism, through which Black leaders can control the areas where there is a majority of African Americans. This cause was greatl...
For forty-one year’s Muhammad spread the word of the Nation of Islam, slowly but steadily attracting new members (biography.com). Muhammad built the religion from a small fringe group into a large and complex organization that attracted controversy along with its new prominence (biography.com). His legacy within the Nation of Islam intact, Muhammad, or simply “The Prophet,” is widely remembered for transforming a small temple into a nationwide movement with hundreds of thousands of devoted followers, culminating in an irrevocable effect on black culture and U.S. history (blackhistorynow.com).
The differences of their philosophies were clearly shown in their writings—Booker T. Washington’s “Up from slavery” and Du Bois’s “The Souls of Black Folk”. Before we analyze the similarities and differences of both of the leaders, we have to look at their early life experiences as it can be an important factor on how and where they get their inspiration for their philosophies. Booker T. Washington was an influential leader during his time and a philosopher that always addressed the philosophy of self-help, racial unity and accommodation. He had preached and urged all the black people to simply accept the discrimination that they got and asked them to work hard to gain material prosperity (Painter 169). In his