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Define homeostasis as it relates to human health
The role of the skeletal system in homeostasis is noted when the bones quizlet
Define homeostasis as it relates to human health
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Homeostatic Imbalance: Respiratory and Skeletal Systems Homeostasis is an important part of the body and helps to keep regulation going within the systems. When learning about homeostasis, there are two different feedback systems that take place and play major roles in the human anatomy. “The feedback systems disrupt homeostasis by increasing or decreasing a controlled condition” (Tortora & Derrickson, 2014). These are the positive feedback system and the negative feedback system. “The positive feedback system tends to strengthen or reinforce a change in one of the body’s controlled conditions. In a positive feedback system, the response affects the controlled condition differently than in a negative feedback system. The control center still …show more content…
The action of a positive feedback system continues until it is interrupted by some mechanism” (Tortora & Derrickson, 2014). Unlike the positive feedback system, the negative system works the opposite in contrast. “The negative feedback system reverses a change in a controlled condition” (Tortora & Derrickson, 2014). There are many systems within the body that are affected by homeostatic imbalance. One system that has both positive and negative feedback systems is the respiratory system. The respiratory system has positive feedback by the body helping oxygen pass through the lungs and bloodstream. With oxygen coursing through the body, it makes its way through the bloodstream, helping the blood vessels flow through the body to each area in which they need to travel. “Your body’s cells continually use oxygen (O2) for the metabolic reactions that release energy from nutrient molecules and produce ATP. At the same time, these reactions release carbon dioxide (CO2)” (Tortora & Derrickson, 2014). Though there are some who suffer from respiratory medical issues such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). “Asthma and chronic obstructive …show more content…
It is important that the skeletal system maintain homeostasis so that the system does not weaken and does not deteriorate causing the other systems to begin to weaken or fail. The skeletal system maintains homeostasis by making sure the calcium levels within the bones are where they should be in order to be considered healthy. If the balance is off, there are risks of bone deterioration and injury such as fractures or calcium deficiency. If these occur, there are different treatments that can be given. The first is physical therapy such as exercise in order to strengthen the bones. Another form of treatment is medication such as Vitamin D supplements or hormones such as parathyroid hormone (PTH) to help the extracellular fluid stay balanced. “Drugs with easy application and low frequency of dosing are associated with a higher adherence. Increase of therapeutic adherence in real-life medicine is an important clinical goal, especially in the treatment of osteoporosis” (Tomková, Telepková, Vaňuga, Killinger, Šulková, Celec & Payer, 2014). It is highly important to keep the calcium intake to the recommended level in order to keep a balance. “Calcium in the diet is required to sustain bone density. Its absorption is affected by vitamin D, phytates in the diet, as well as other nutrients (phosphorus, sodium and protein). Dietary interventions primarily focus on increasing dietary calcium”
When something changes in the inner environment it sends information to the receptor. The receptor sends information to the control center and then the control center sends instructions to the effector once the information is received from the control center it proceeds to either oppose or increase the stimulus. This process is designed to repeatedly work at restoring or maintaining homeostasis.
Negative feedback occurs when a product feeds back to decrease its own production. This type of feedback brings things back to normal whenever they start to become too extreme One distinctive feature of hormones whose secretion is regulated through the hypothalamus and pituitary is that they regulate their own secretion through negative feedback inhibition. This means is that a hormone from a peripheral gland, for example, cortisol, binds to its receptor on cells in the hypothalamus and adenohypophysis, and has the effect of inhibiting secretion of tropic hormones which is corticotropin releasing hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone. Less CRH secretion leads to less ACTH secretion, which leads to less stimulation of cortisol secretion by cells of the zona fasciculata of the adrenal
Huether, S.E. & McCance, K.L. (2008). Understanding pathophysiology (4th ed.). St. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier
Now, when considering one wants to prevent or treat Osteoporosis, it does not mean to cut yourself off of foods with small portions or extreme dieting. It is a common misconception that when a person wants to be healthy they must eat in smaller portions, and while this does have some truth, one must consider when it comes to eating healthy, it means to eat healthy by adding nutritious portions of fruits, vegetables, protein, carbs, and of course, calcium intake for the bones in one’s diet. Also, one must not deprive themselves of having a “cheat day” once a week with chips and candy. But it is a good start to begin adding calcium fortified foods and supplements, such as milk. People should at least aim for 1,000 to 1,200 milligrams a day of calcium. Low-fat cheese, milk, yogurt, orange juice, graham crackers, and calcium supplements are a beneficial contribution in accessing calcium to the body (Vander, 2003). Of course, Osteoporosis develops during old age, due to the gradual decline in exercising, calcium in bones, and weight loss. However, Osteoporosis is also genetically found in some people with a long history of family members who have had bone fractures. Also, many factors affect and can cause Osteoporosis and one of them is smoking. Because smokers have poor lungs, it can be difficult to exercise. Another is not going out too much,
Homeostasis mostly works through negative feedback, this is where the effectors response lessens the effects of the original stimulu...
Osteoporosis is a serious disease that leads to a faster than normal loss of the bone density, which puts the bone at a higher risk for fractures. In order to understand the causes of Osteoporosis, it is important to understand how bones are formed. Bone is a living tissue that is made mainly of collagen, calcium phosphate, and calcium carbonate. The mixture of collagen and calcium gives the bone strength and flexibility. The body deposits new bones and removes old ones; moreover, there are two types of bone cells that control the reproduction of bones. Cells called osteoclasts breakdown bone tissues thus, damaging the bone. Once the damaged bone is removed, cells called osteoblasts, use minerals including calcium and phosphate from the blood stream to make new healthy bone tissues. In order for osteoblasts and osteoclasts to work properly, hormones such us thyroid, estrogen, testosterone, and growth hormones are
Positive reinforcement works by presenting something positive to the person after a desired behavior is exhibited, making the behavior more likely to happen in the future (McAdams, 2009). An example of this could be when a child helps their mother with the dishes and the mothers rewards the child with ice cream. Negative reinforcement, is when a behavior is strengthened by stopping, removing or avoiding a negative outcome or aversive stimulus (McAdams, 2009). An example of this could be when the light goes green at a traffic light, the car in front of a person does not move. The person hates when this happens and from experience knows that honking the car’s horn gets cars that are in front of them to go
Homeostasis is the way the body creates a stable environment for itself and all of the body's functions working together. Without homeostasis, blood pressure, hunger, heart rate, sleep cycles, and immune responses would be completely out of whack.
There are many things that impact whether an organism maintains homeostasis or not. Some include: body temperature, water balance, blood sugar concentration, blood pressure and blood pH, and to maintain homeostasis must be regulated. These functions are controlled by negative feedback mechanisms. Feedback mechanisms are mechanisms that control and regulate processes and internal conditions in an organism. They respond to any stimulus
To understand how the human body works it's necessary to understand the concept of homeostasis. "Homeo" meaning similar, and "stasis" meaning stable comes from the Greek words. Homeostasis is the body's ability to keep maintaining a stable environment internally, in spite of the changes that take place externally. Homeostasis occurs constantly in our bodies regardless of our activities and behavior throughout the day. For example, if we drink a lot of water we do not swell up, likewise, when we drink too little of water we don't shrivel. Our bodies know how much fluid we need to maintain at a constant level. However, if the positive and negative feedback loops are affected a homeostasis imbalance can occur, resulting in severe diseases, and sometimes even death. For example, diabetes, which is highly common, as well as fever. A few other examples include Graves disease, Cardiovascular disease, and Renal failure.
The circulatory system and respiratory system share a highly important relationship that is crucial to maintaining the life of an organism. In order for bodily processes to be performed, energy to be created, and homeostasis to be maintained, the exchange of oxygen from the external environment to the intracellular environment is performed by the relationship of these two systems. Starting at the heart, deoxygenated/carbon-dioxide (CO2)-rich blood is moved in through the superior and inferior vena cava into the right atrium, then into the right ventricle when the heart is relaxed. As the heart contracts, the deoxygenated blood is pumped through the pulmonary arteries to capillaries in the lungs. As the organism breathes and intakes oxygenated air, oxygen is exchanged with CO2 in the blood at the capillaries. As the organism breathes out, it expels the CO2 into the external environment. For the blood in the capillaries, it is then moved into pulmonary veins and make
Calcium is a mineral found in many foods that the human body cannot produce itself (National Osteoporosis Foundation). According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation it is used in the regulation of heartbeat, stimulation of hormone secretions, conduction of nerve impulses, stimulation of blood clotting, and maintenance of a healthy skeleton. They also state that we lose calcium every day through shed skin, nails, hair, sweat, and other bodily functions. Bones are also constantly being “remodeled” by removal of older pieces of bone and replacement with new bone. These losses make a daily source of calcium invaluable. Calcium has traditionally been thought of in conjunction to milk, but this connection is slowly being broken.
The pancreas is one of the essential organs in the human body and belongs in the Digestive system. Out of all the internal organs, the pancreas is unique because the pancreas plays a role in both the endocrine gland and the exocrine gland. This means that the pancreas is a dual function gland in which is the reason why the pancreas is such a vital part of the digestive system. This research paper will talk about the anatomy, physiology, and the important functions the pancreas play to maintain homeostasis.
There are many enzyme-catalyzed reactions that occur in cells through control mechanisms, which keep humans in chemical balance. There are two systems that have a major responsibility for regulating body chemistry known as the endocrine system and nervous system. The endocrine system depends on chemical messengers that flow in the bloodstream known as hormones. Hormones travel to target cells, where they connect with receptors that initiate chemical changes within cells. The nervous system depends on neurotransmitters that are electrical impulses in nerve cells activated by its own chemical messengers. The nervous system counts on a much faster means of circulation. This cycle is what allows drugs to work so well, because they mimic the crucial role of hormones and neurotransmitters in the function of the human body.
Lastly, blood is involved in maintaining homeostasis by negative feedback loops such as temperature regulation, blood pH, blood glucose levels, and blood pressure.