Corin, Chris, Fiehn, Terry, Communist Russia under Lenin and Stalin (2002), John Murray Publishers Ltd, London
Trotsky, L., 2014. The Overthrow of Tzarism and the Triumph of the Soviets. In: L. Trotsky, The Russian Revolution, 1st ed. Garden City, New York: Doubleday.
Tucker, Robert C. "Stalinism as Revolution from Above". Stalinism. Edited by Robert C. Tucker. New York: American Council of Learned Societies, 1999.
Fiehn, Terry, and Chris Corin. Communist Russia under Lenin and Stalin. London: John Murray, 2002. Print.
Daniels, Robert V. "Leon Trotsky (Russian Revolutionary)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 13 May 2014.
The Bolshevik Revolution started many changes in Russia. One of the most dramatic changes was the change of their form of government to communism. This was brought about by the murder of the Czar and his family by the Bolsheviks. The Bolsheviks were sure to include the whole family in the murder because of the fear that someday one might comeback and reclaim power. So on July 17, 1918 Czar Nicholas II and his family were murdered. Although there were rumors about his daughter Anastasia escaping, she never resurfaced into society (Mestrovic 18).
“Stalin owed everything to Lenin.” Stalin’s oppressive rule was legitimized by the “imprimatur of Lenin’s creation and succession.” Marx’s theory became Lenin’s doctrine and Stalin’s creative justification. Lenin’s Bolshevik (“Majority”) party was formed in 1903 with the objective of a stagiest societal evolution of Europe and Russia in the gradual progression from feudalism, to capitalism, to socialism, and to eventu...
Trotsky’s career as Commissar of War illustrated his capabilities to lead, command and organize a body of individuals, it is undeniable he had the makings to be an exemplar leader. His militarization of grain requisitioning, use of blocking units in battle tactics, establishment of field tribunals to counter the massive desertion problem that had powers to enact the death sentence, his dismissal of the Kronstadt sailor manifesto as “petty bourgeois demands”(Trotsky) and their later massacre by sixty thousand of his own troops as well as his defense of Petrograd in 1918 all illustrate his ability to be a ruthless and successful leader in Russian, and someone fit to succeed Lenin. However, Trotsky lost the power struggle because Stalin was the only member who had influence in all three sectors of governance; Poliburo, Orgburo and Secretariat as General Secretary, a decision put forward by Lenin...
Under Joseph Stalin’s rule of dictatorship, millions of Russians died due to starvation, execution, and exhuastion. The people of Russia conformed to Stalin’s “reign of terror” and were payed with consequences. The quote,” A single death is a tragedy; a million deaths is a statistic” by Stalin demonstrate how minuscule the russian people are to him and they are merely tools.The irony lies in that the Revolution were started in order to overthrow the Bosheviks who were oppressing the people much like Stalin. This is another case in which conformity is a double edged sword and the oppressed becomes the oppressor.
The next few years saw Lenin moving around Europe frantically. He hid out in Finland disguised as a farmer and popped back up in Geneva in 1908. At this time the tsarist began to exact revenge on the revolutions through “execution and exile” labeled the “black reaction.” Workers organizations were dissolved although Lenin vehemently continued to skillfully promote illegal and legal tactics within his Bolshevian congresses and the Duma. He desperately wanted to avoid compromise with the petty-bourgoise amd maintained the Bolshevik ideal of “workers, masses, proletariat, vanguard, and army.” Lenin continued to read radical literature and publish works promoting his vision. Figas comments that “in its fight for the party, for its ideological purist and genuine Marxist philosophy Lenin was impeccable.” Lenin believed that 1905 was only a precursor to bigger things and thanks to his tireless work and “24 hour devotion” to the revolution the Bolsheviks maintained their course, rallied the working class, and took on a fight against the autocracy.
Kaiser, Daniel H., and Gary Marker. Reinterpreting Russian history: readings, 860-1860's. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. Print. (tags: none | edit tags)
Gorbachev spends the first part of his book explaining the history of the Soviet Union, from the October revolutions to the present day. He discusses the noble origins of revolution which were then perverted by Stalin into a totalitarian system that slowly weakened the Union. By the 1980’s, change was needed and “perestroika was born out of the realiza...
Steve Phillips’ Stalinist Russia is a condensed textbook designed for students studying Stalin’s influence over the Soviet Union. Because of its supportive student audience, the text is assumed to be factual, concise, and comprehensive.
The dichotomy between Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky is pivotal in understanding the power hierarchy in the Bolshevik party and their successful attempt at revolution in 1917. When considering the various schools of historiography examined, the views on the two political figures differs greatly depending on the sources school and therefore biases. However, generally Stalin is presented far more negatively in most historiographies being depicted suspicious and threatening, rapidly gaining power through deceptions and generally antagonizing the political climate of Soviet Russia, only being seen as truly pure in pro-Stalinist propaganda. Contrastingly, Trotsky is presented as cunning but never conniving, a prestigious and unparalleled military
However, one must question the validity of Trotsky’s claims of having founded a ‘great army and guiding it to victory.’ Richard Pipes states that his contribution was more ‘modest’, and that the credit for victory should go the ex-Tsarist officers who had a better grasp of military affairs. However Robert Service mentions, that for whatever his faults, Trotsky’s no-nonsense persona, as well as his ruthless streak of terror, such as ‘ordering deserters to be shot on the spot and not [giving] a damn if some of them were Communist Party activists,’ was what was needed to transform a ragtag army, wracked with low morale, to an army of five million men, that had ‘an unshakable belief in its own eventual victory.’ Therefore it is to Lenin and Trotsky’s credit that an effective fighting force did emerge amongst the chaos of the Civil War, and one that could claim wholescale