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Advantages and disadvantages of 4 g
Advantages and disadvantages of 4 g
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The First Generation of communication system is the Analog cellular system, means carrier is Analog. we just send wave forms primarily with voice. it is continuous in amplitude and time. variation in a signal disrupts over long distance . This Analog system was introduced in seventies.NMT , AMPS, TACS, CDPD technologies were used in 1G. It uses FDMA technique call to one country. All the Analog systems were used circuit switched technology and design only for voice communication not data. The cost for the system and voice transfer is also high in 1G.Problems with 1G is poor voice quality , less battery life , no security , the phone size is big and frequent call drops. second generation is digital cellular in this started sending 1's and 0's with the air. it is circuit switched and narrowband technology. It is low band digital cellular signaling system. Digital is more spectrally efficient it uses technologies like TDMA ,GSM,CDMA, iDEN , PDC, PHS.It uses digital modulation for better audio quality. GSM technology has both FDMA and TDMA techniques. An estimated GSM system users all over the world is 248 millions now and it is currently using in 140 countries.
In addition to this , PDC(Personal Digital Communication) technology based on TDMA is introduced. After this CDMA technology was introduced , it divide speech into small segments and encoded to identify the calls by using spread spectrum. While GSM and TDMA systems are most important in 2G wireless technology, the CDMA technology proved that it gives better voice quality, low noise, few call drops , good security, and high network capacity. Data transmission, fax , messages up to 9.6 kbps is capable by 2G , but not acceptable for multimedia and web browsing applications....
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...spectral efficiency schemes of modulation which cannot be applied to 3G infrastructure.
The typical speed of 3G is limited to 2Mbps where as speed of 4G is up to 100Mbps and it also eliminate the interference caused by signal with high speed. 4G technology also provide uninterrupted voice, navigation and data services. This speed is achieved by OFDM modulation technique. Some of the other techniques used are use scheduling, power control and adaptive modulation, wireless millimeter and smart antennas.
4G requirements
The advantages of 4G are high speed and it also has greater bandwidth it used multi hop and Adhoc network and the spectral efficiency of 4G is high, it has service portability and global access, it is IP based mobile system with less cost. We never seen 3G phone working on a 4G network. some carriers that have both 3G , 4G network like Verizon.
Stephen Kern, a professor of history at The Ohio State University, wrote the chapter “Wireless
It is crucial that individuals take precautions when using technology to have conversations with others. Due to the fact that it can be dangerous, effective telephone communication is very important. Before using technology as communication devices, it is a good idea to know the main issues regarding it. It is also a good idea to know about any recent developments and how it affects its users. By making sure the technology has high ratings and positive feedback, there is a greater chance that you will be happier with the outcome of your purchase.
Phones have come a long way from their beginnings. When the first phone was developed, a mere phone call took up to ten minutes just to connect. The calls made on this phone would go through a system of connections where the caller would have to state who they were calling and where the person lived. It would be many years later that a telephone would be created that made use of a dial, which made calling easier. In 1963, the first pushbutton telephone was distributed by the company, Bell Telephone. In 1983, the first cellular device, the Motorola DynaTAC 8000X, was created, which took the world by storm. Soon later, miniature computers were being put in these devices, allowing the user to browse parts of the web while on their cellular device. Yet we wouldn’t see a product that allowed us to browse the web, communicate with others, and let us store music and run apps, until 2007. (ht...
Cellular phones carry a diverse group of users. In June 1985, there were about 203,000 cellular phone service subscribers. By June 1989, the number had exploded to 2.7 million subscribers, and by June 1995 there were mire than 26 million subscribers. When cell phones were first introduce, only people with a lot of money had them and the service was very expensive. It was a lot cheaper to stop and use the pay phone than it was to use a cell phone. Now, it is almost as cheap to use a cell phone to make a long distance call as it is to make a long distance call using AT&T.
Cell phones are a miracle to modern day living. Unlike previous eras where communication was done strictly across a hard-wired telephone line, cell phones now give the freedom to those that can afford them a radio-based uplink to the rest of the world. Not only are they for voice communication, but they also allow for transmission of virtually any kind of digital data.
This will give us the advantage of sending very large pieces of information over the phone line. The only thing that we do know about the telephone, is that it has come a long way since its first discovery by the inventor Alexander Graham Bell. A man who will always be remembered.
Cell phones have become a part of mainstream culture. Recently they have become more affordable and accomplish much more than making and receiving calls. Along with the growing popularity there is also growing concerns about safety and health. In this paper we will address cell phone history and how they have evolved. We will discuss health concerns such as tumors and talking while driving. Finally, we will talk about all of the technology that cell phones can accomplish such as receiving Email and buying stocks.
In a fast-moving industry, it is important to find out what clients prefer today, but 3G must also research their future requirements. It must also frequently research new technologies in this way it will stay at the forefront of the field and retain market leadership. 3G is a developing technology and the greatest benefits are likely to come in the next couple of years.
In the 1980s, first generation (1G) cell phones consisted of voice-only analog devices with limited range and features that were sold mainly in North America. In the 1990s, second generation (2G) devices consisted of voice/data digital cell phones with higher data transfer rates, expanded range, and more features. Sales of these devices expanded to Europe and Asia. In the twenty-first century, Nokia and other companies are combining several digital technologies into third generation (3G) communication devices that reach globally and feature the convergence of the cell phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), Internet services, and multimedia applications.
Print. The. Gordon A. Gow, and Richard K. Smith. Mobile and wireless communications: an introduction, McGraw-Hill International, 2006. Print.
G in 1G, 2G, 3G and 4G stands for the “Generation” of the mobile network. Today, mobile operators have started offering 4G services a higher number before the ‘G’ means more power to send out and receive more information and therefore the ability to achieve a higher efficiency through the wireless network. During the time of 1G, radio signals were transmitted in ‘Analogue’ form. 2G networks on the other hand, were based on narrow band digital networks. The 3rd generation of mobile networks has become popular and users access the Internet over devices like mobiles and tablets. This means a 3G network actually allows for more data transmission and therefore the network enables voice and video calling, file transmission, internet surfing, online TV, view high definition videos, play games and much more. 4th Generation mobile networks are believed to provide many value added features.
This report will describe the two forms of data communications in terms of the physical interfaces and modes of operation. It will describe the features of data communications equipment in relation to synchronous and asynchronous communication including modems, network terminating units and sending and receiving equipment.
The year is 2014, the markets are changing constantly, and they always have to meet the needs of new consumers as well as old consumers. Mobile telephones have been in the retail and wholesale business for quite some time, and are only evolving from here on out. There are things that these cell phones can bring us that are major benefits in our everyday lives. Cell phones bring us maps, radios, address books, and even flashlights now. Cell phones have taken shape from a huge portable device to a more convenient thin device that can fit in your pocket. With time in any consumer market, the consumer adapts to the technology that makes their life easier. The constant innovation of cell phones has led us to smart phones, and these smart phones are capable of putting certain businesses out of the market. Businesses that engineered PDAs in the past were met with challenges because smart phones are able to match their productivity. Land lines have become useless since everyone can afford a mobile device now. Listening to music has also switched from a traditional CD Player/MP3 Player to an everyday smart phone.
frequency carrier while the user is moving within a telephone service area. In addition to telephony, modern mobile phones support a variety of other services, such as text messaging, email, Internet access, short-range wireless communications, business applications, gaming, and photography. Cell Phones which offer these and more general computing capabilities are referred to as smartphones. Cell Phones are now a way of life in the generation we live in and call home today, and cell phones have changed and benefited our world. By means of texting , making calls, gaming applications, saving people’s lives , helping people while
People in the present society have turned from the use of the old means of communication to the more advanced and technological ways of communicating. Technology has made it easier for people to communicate in a faster, efficient, and cost saving means through the introduction of the communication channels. The world has turned out to be the centre for technology with different technologies emerging daily as the people continue to develop from time to time to cope with the growing technology. The benefits of adopting the communication technology are explained in this article which shows why people do not function without technology.