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Health belief model
Health belief model
Components of the health belief model
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The theoretical framework used for this intervention strategy was the Health Belief Model (HBM). The HBM hypothesizes that health related action depends upon the simultaneous occurrences of three class of factors: the existence of sufficient motivation to make health issues salient or relevant, the belief that one is susceptible to a serious health problem or to the sequelae of that illness or condition, and the belief that following a particular health recommendation would be beneficial in reducing the perceived threat, and at a subjectively-acceptable cost.14 Perceived susceptibility or the elder 's perception of the risk in actually contracting influenza and the perceived severity or the potential for complications like pneumonia or death are the element of threat. Any …show more content…
The researcher 's extensive experience and knowledge in community health helped to lead a proposal of a flu immunization program for house-bound elders incapable of accessing any programs that were already in place. The Health Bureau strongly supported the program aimed at specifically immunizing those elders that were house-bound. A needs assessment process was utilized to confirm that this was a present-day health problem not being treated successfully. The assessment of need is defined as a systematic appraisal of type, depth, and scope of a problem as perceived by clients, health care providers or both.11 In order to plan the program, Rossi and Freeman12 and Posavac 's13 six step process was utilized. Their steps stated to: determine the client population, determine the needs to be met of the client population, define the size and organization of the client population, set limits for the client group, determine the program resources, and clarify the perspectives on the program
VanderBent, S. D. (2009, September). Home Care and Pandemic Flu. In Ontario Home Care Association Bringing Health Care Home. Retrieved March 10, 2014, from https://www.homecareontario.ca/public/docs/publications/position%20papers/2009/Home-Care-and-Pandemic-Flu.pdf
A Community Health Needs Assessment (CHNA) was conducted in the city of Atlanta, Georgia, with the focus on mainly Dekalb and Fulton Counties. The CHNA was conducted to identify the needs and resources in the community with the input from the community members, key stakeholders, and the public health. The CHNA would be used as a guide for the community in its future community health projects.
The essay will describe the biopsychosocial model of health and its development including who developed the model, then it will look at the models separately which are the biomedical, psychological and sociological models. This essay will outline the effects that diabetes has on people in different ways in relation with the biopsychosocial model of health.
The Health Belief Model is a framework that is used for understanding service user’s health behaviours. The Health Belief Model is based on believing that a service user will seek health care related action if they believe that they are at risk of developing a certain condition and also if they believe that they can successfully and confidently take action to avoid getting the condition. A conceptual framework that describes a person's health behavior as an expression of health beliefs. The model was designed to predict a person's health behavior, including the use of health services, and to justify intervention to alter maladaptive health behavior. www.medical-dictionary.com (accessed 1/11/2016).
Firstly, as a GP, it is crucial to explore the biopsychosocial model of health. One must realise that biological, psychological and social factors all contribute to a person’s overall health. The social dimension cannot be ignored in Anne’s case. According to the World Health Organisation, the social determinants of health are ‘the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age.’ (World Health Organisation. 2013) From the information provided, one could suggest that various social factors have contributed to Anne’s obesity. Anne grew up in a deprived area of the inner city. Growing up in a deprived area does not directly cause obesity, however, social determinants are known as causes of the causes of ill health. (WMA. 2011) Obesity can be caused by consuming too many calories, leading a sedentary lifestyle and not sleeping enough. (Christian Nordqvist. 2011) These, in turn, could be referred to as consequences of living in the inner city. Studies have shown that ‘inner city parents have high levels of anxiety about neighbourhood safety. While these concerns may not entirely explain the discrepancy in activity levels between inner city and suburban children, a safe environment is crucial to increasing opportunities for physical activity.’ (Weir, L.A., Etelson, D. & Brand, D.A. 2006) Similarly, it is possible that Anne’s socio-economic status has influenced her smoking since a person below the poverty threshold is more likely than somebody at or above the threshold to be both a current smoker and not to have quit. (Flint, A.J. & Novotny, T.E. 1997)
The Minnesota Public Health Intervention Wheel is classified into five main categories and each category focuses on different levels of healthcare. The first category is surveillance, disease and health event investigation, outreach, and screening, which focused on monitoring and preventing diseases in a population. The second category is referral and follow-up, case management, and delegated functions, which focused on optimizing self-care capabilities of individuals, families, groups, organizations, and/or communities by promoting access of resources. The third category is health teaching, counseling, and consultation, which educates and establishes an interpersonal relationship with individuals, families, communities and systems. The fourth category is collaboration, collaboration, and community organizing that connect individuals and organizations to identify common problems and achieve community health. The fifth category is advocacy, social mark...
Chapter 10 of Laurie Kaye Abraham’s Mama Might Be Better Off Dead mainly discusses the spread of preventable illnesses and the possible reasons poor areas have low immunization rates. Child immunization clinics fail to reach poor children because they are overburdened with patients, leading to long wait times. These clinics often require doctors to give a complete physical before giving shots and do not track children’s immunization records. Little effort goes into case management, which could assist in ensuring that vulnerable populations come in for preventative care. The author condemns Medicaid as a culprit for these other factors since states curtail expenses by creating barriers for poor families that would benefit from its programs. The argument about the majority of Medicaid spending going to nursing-home care versus to care for poor children and women is compelling and upsetting. How could a program designed primarily for the protection of poor children and mothers neglect to provide families with preventative care?
According to the Healthy People Database, in 2010 the aging population was estimated at 40 million, this number is expected rise to nearly 70 million by the year 2030 (National Center for Health Statistics, 2000). At the forefront of health concerns for this aging population will be the intervention, management and treatment of chronic diseases. This increase in both this specific population as well as the required medical care will place a significant amount of stress on an already distressed healthcare system, which in turn will affect the availability of recourses and costs. Including patients in their self care with strategic health promotion such as encouragement and education geared towards specific socioeconomic groups will be more cost effective and beneficial in the management of chronic disease. Studies indicate that patients involved in self management of disease processes often have better patient outcomes.
Aim of this paper is to examine and present the application of social cognition models in the prediction and alternation of health behavior. Social cognition models are used in health practices in order to prevent illness or even improve the health state of the individuals in interest, and protect their possibly current healthy state. This essay is an evaluation of the social cognition models when used to health behaviors. Unfortunately it is impossible to discuss extensively all the models and for this reason we will analyze three of the most representative cognitive models to present an integrated idea of their application.
The theory is complex throughout as four concepts, seven assumptions, and ten curative factors are discussed. The theory tends to describe multiple concepts, assumptions, and factors. The theory also predicts that these concepts, and factors impact the relationship of caring and need for a healthier behavior.
Health promotion includes providing activities that improve a person’s health. These activities assist patients to “maintain or enhance their present levels of health. Health promotion activities motivate people to act positively to reach more stable levels of health” (Potter & Perry, 2005, p. 97). In order for nurses to assist patients in obtaining healthy lifestyles, they must first assess a patient’s perception of health. The World Health Organization defines health as a “state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (as cited in Potter & Perry, 2005, p. 91). There are many nursing theories that are based on an individual’s perception of health. This paper will explore how health promotion theories can assist nurses in understanding how these perceptions can affect a person’s lifestyle choices.
Health psychology is a relatively new concept rapidly growing and could be defined as the biological and psychological influences affect ones behaviour also bringing in social influences of health and illness (MacDonald, 2013). Biological determinants consider genetic and biological factors of an illness whereas psychological determinants focus on the psychological factors such as why people behave the way they do when dealing with issues such as anxiety and stress. Models such as the Health Belief Model and Locus of Control were developed in attempt to try and explain psychological issues around a chronic illness such as breast cancer (Ogden, 2012). Sociological factors can cause an enormous amount of pressure for one to behave in a certain way for example gender roles in society and religious considerations when dealing with health beliefs. Health Beliefs can be defined as one’s own perception to their own personal health and illness and health behaviours (Ogden, 2012). There are also theories and models used to explain pain and coping with diagnosis such as Moos and Schaefer (1984) Crisis theory and Shontz (1975) cycle of grief people go through when being diagnosed with a serious illness.
... wants their patients to start eating healthier it could help give them ideas on how to change their patient’s intentions. The health care provider could help the patient realize that the important people in their life want them to eat healthy, and this could help change their behavior. They could educate them on the effects of eating healthier and ultimately change their attitude about eating healthy. For example, the patient does not have to cut junk food out completely; they just have to eat it in moderation. This is just one situation were the theories could help in the health care field. There are many other ways these theories are useful. It is important to understand these theories in order to understand that behavior is affected by someone’s intentions. This makes it easier to understand what affects a person’s intentions and how they can be changed.
Owing to significant research into the relationship between physical, mental and social conditions, an awareness and understanding of psycho-social aspects in health care is vital (Walker et al, 2007). Those aspects are particularly important in nursing care, where an individual should be considered as the entire person with a need for physical, psychological, social, emotional, intellectual and even spiritual wellbeing (Holland et al, 2008). This essay will address psycho-social theory of health beliefs and attitudes in relation to nursing care. The essay will begin by considering how health beliefs lead to health behaviours. It will then discuss how theoretical models contribute to nursing care and their usefulness and importance in applying the theory to nurse patients.
Outlined in this concept is, “when people are persuaded verbally that they can achieve or master a task, they are more likely to do the task” (Hayden, 2014). Like vicarious experience, verbal persuasion is seen within the interpersonal level of health behavior. Family, friends, or peers are providing verbal encouragement and support to the individual in efforts to promote success in a task. By receiving this encouragement, individuals are convinced or motivated to endeavor on and complete the undertaking that is presented.