Interrogative suggestibility can be defined as ‘the extent to which, within a closed social interaction, people come to accept messages communicated during formal questioning, as the result of which their subsequent response is affected’ (Gudjonsson and Clark, 1986, p.84). Gudjonsson and Clark (1986) proposed a few distinguishing features of interrogative suggestibility. First, questioning process is involved relating to past events. Second, at lower range it has significant relationship with memory and intelligence (Gudjonsson, 1988a). Third, one of the essential factors is the acceptance of suggestion offered by the interrogator. Blagrove (1996) suggested that sometimes questions can be leading. Study done by Blagrove (1996) showed than participants who were sleep-deprived were more susceptible to suggestibility than controls. Blagrove (1996) proposed that sleep-deprived individuals were more prone to reduced cognitive abilities and motivation. He explained that some questions might imply a piece of information with which the interviewee might not agree initially. For instance, sometimes the interviewer might make a suggestion for an answer.
Gisli H. Gudjonsson (1984, 1987) developed the Gudjonsson suggestibility scale (GSS) to measure individual’s susceptibility to suggestions. There were two versions of the scale, the first suggestibility scale (GSS1) and the second suggestibility scale (GSS2). Both suggestibility scales contains an audio clip of a short story related to some incident. The participants had to listen to the audio clip and answer some questions related to the story. The questions asked to the participants were mostly leading. In other words, the questions could not be correctly answered from the information ...
... middle of paper ...
...to score higher on both yield and shift than adults (Gudjonsson and Henry, 2003). On contrary, study done by Polczyk et al. (2004) provided evidence that older adults scored higher on yield than younger adults in GSS 2.
As discussed earlier, there have been many studies that have tried to find the trend between sleep and suggestibility (Balgrove, 1996; Horne, 1988b). Researchers have also tried to find the effects of sleep-deprivation (Payne, Ellenbogen, Walker, and Stickgold, 2008b; Dingo & Kribbs, 1991). The main aim of this study is to find the relation between sleep and suggestibility. The current research has hypothesized that people who have sufficient sleep are less likely to be susceptible to suggestibility and leading questions compared to the participants who had less/no sleep. The current study has also investigated if age is correlated with yield 1.
American Psychological Association. (2001) Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed). Washington, DC: McLaughlin & Reinking
recall and the use of too many leading questions during interviews. Method: Participants were tested to see how affected they were by the treatment. hypnosis, those who were found to be medium to highly susceptible. were shown a film of a bank robbery. They were then split into 3 groups - hypnosis group, relaxation group and wake group. Participants were asked to come back a week later and were individually interviewed by being asked to use either the guiding
Racism in 1912 was a very big issue and still is in our society today. W.E.B DuBois’ essay “A Mild Suggestion” portrays the idea and reality of the social inequality that took place in 1912. DuBois uses satire to offer a solution to the apparent African-American problem in the United States. Dubois writes “the colored man says ‘the next morning there would be ten million funerals, and therefore no Negro problem”’ (DuBois 93) He then goes on to state that on a chosen night, the people implement a planned mass killing of all the African-American folk, therefore solving all of their problems. The essay is able to show how effective racist language and ideas can be, as well as providing a good example of a writing style that keeps the reader engaged throughout the piece.
Theorists identified persuasive appeals to involve both emotional and logical persuasion (Larson, C., 2013, p. 185). These studies defined “psychological appeals or process premises” as persuasion targeting our cognitive and emotional channels (Larson, C., 2013, p. 186). They target the receiver’s emotions or mental psychic in the circumferential passage of the ELM (Larson, C., 2013, p. 186). This type of persuasion focuses on personal needs, emotions, attitudes and psychological satisfaction (Larson, C., 2013, p. 186). For example, it might include the emotional displeasure an individual might experiences regarding their poor choices (Larson, C., 2013, p. 186). Individuals experience a range of emotions.
One of the most interesting phenomenon related to memory is memory distortions. One way in which they occur is through suggestibility, where people begin to remember false experiences if researchers suggested to them that they experienced it (Sternberg and Sternberg, 2012). In real-life situations, this is caused in part by memory being constructive “in that prior experiences affects how we recall things and what we actually recall from memory” (Sternberg and Sternberg, 2012). People’s prior experiences, including their bias and expectations, may influence how they experience false memory formations; the formation of false memories is also affected by several possible factors, one of which may be sleep deprivation (Frenda, Patihis, Loftus,
Bergmann, G. (1956). The contribution of John B. Watson. Psychological Review, 63(4), 265-276. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/614292167?accountid=458
I chose this question as the topic of response bias project because I wanted to figure out how using unfamiliar or uncertain words affect subjects’ answer and to demonstrate the effect of both the response and wording of the question bias.
Robins R.W, Gosling S.D & Craik R.H (1999) An Empirical Analysis of Trends in Psychology. American psychologists, 54,(2), 117-128
Sternberg, R. J. (1999). Cognitive psychology (2nd ed.). Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace College Publishers
If all of these important activities occur during sleep, why is it that people are so willing to short themselves of this vital activity? Although much about sleep still remains a mystery, research and experiments continue to show how important sleep is to each and every person. Throughout this paper, I will discuss sleep and the effects that it has on performance and health, especially among college students. A college student’s sleeping pattern is a reliable indicator of their level of performance in the classroom and other school-affiliated activities, as a lack of sleep leads to decreased performance. Sleep is directly related to the level of performance and health of an individual; the more rested a person is, the better that person will perform and feel (Dryer, 2006).
Sleep loss and shifting sleep patterns are known to be widespread across college campuses throughout the United States and the world at large. Yet, while many studies exist relating sleep to performance, a much smaller amount of studies focus on the Through analysis of these sources as they would prove useful when researching and writing upon the idea of sleep and its correlation to academic performance it was found that a paper titled “Sleep-Wake Patterns and Academic Performance in University Students”, which was presented to the European Conference on Educational Research, is overall the most useful source represented to research the topic.
sleep in America and its effects on performance. The articles gave different types of results from different kinds of data with different degrees of definiteness. In spite of their differences, both articles showed that lack of sleep is a cause for decreased performance and a detriment to a productive and healthy lifestyle.
Wu, C., & Shaffer, D. (1987). Susceptibility to persuasive appeals as a function of source credibility and prior experience with the attitude object. Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.52, 677-688.
Throughout the ages, humans have had an inherent interest in studying the complex area of human behaviour, even before psychology was established as a science. Because the study of behaviour is so broad and multifaceted, its scientific study poses particular challenges. Therefore, it can be beneficial to approach the scientific study of human behaviour from the perspective of cognitive psychology. This is the study of cognition, the mental processes that underlie human behaviour (Ling & Cattling, 2012).
Sleep plays a vital role in a person’s mental well-being. Sleeping affects how well people think, react, work, learn, and get along with others. While a person is sleeping, his brain is preparing to help him learn and remember information. A good night’s sleep enhances learning and problem solving skills. It is very important for the students to have sound sleep as it can improve their concentration, memory and creativity. Furthermore, having enough sleep increases the ability to m...