The Growing Usage of Public Switched Telephone Network for Non-Voice Applications
The US Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), is very possibly the largest distributed system in existence. Most telephone switching networks does the same basic thing as the PSTN by going by a simple procedure: It basically connects point A to point B. Even though this seems like a very simple thing to do it is not always the easiest. The US PSTN requires some of the most complex computing systems in existence. Software for each switch might have several million lines of code, even if it has not many features.
PSTN is the world's collection of the Interconnected voice-oriented public telephone networks. PSTN is both commercial and publicly owned. It is also said to be the plain old telephone service. It is the same thing as the telephone networks that came from the days of Alexander Graham Bell who started the whole telephone thing off. Now it is almost all digital in technology except the central telephone office which to the user
The PSDN has thousands of switches. Switches have lots of redundant hardware and a lot of self-checking and recovery software. For many decades, AT&T has expected its switches too not to go down for more than two hours in forty years. That is a failure rate of 5.7 x 10^-6.
In relation to the Internet, the PSTN actually helps a lot of the Internets long distance infrastructure. Because Internet service providers (ISP's) pay the long distance providers for access to their infrastructure and share the circuits among all the users, Internet users avoid having to pay usage charge to anyone other than their ISP's.
The PSTN is part of the fixed telecommunications network of KPN telecom for narrowband switched services. A general description of this type of network is provided.
For most of the history of telephone networks, direct conversation between two people and the voice telephone service was the only basic thing that the PSTN did. The 300-3400 Hz bandwidth makes it designed for that purpose. Still today voice transmitting is still the most common use of the PSTN but it is also used for several different things, which are called non-voice services .
AT&T provides professional network service to enterprises. Services for Asia Pacific region include integrated Global Enterprise Management System, Internet data centers, voice over internet protocol, virtual private network, and data hosting. In order to provide a complete network solution to clients, AT&T, at the backend, is supported by their own data/network center, protocol and the undersea cable network. AT&T is proposing a network solution to one of their big clients BHP Billiton. BHP Billiton has subsidiaries in over 30 countries and they are considering to implement a professional network for better internal communications. The project will involve setting up an approximately two hundreds network sites in different countries within a tight time flame. The successful of wining this contract will drive AT&T Asia Pacific team to earn double of their existing annual revenue. This would be very attractive to AT&T due to the lost of a number of clients as a result of the economic crisis earlier in the year. An effective strategic decision process, as found by ...
VOIP what are the advantages of having the system. Cost savings, cost reduction, phone portability, Service mobility and integration with other applications. The cost saving is extremely less expensive than the old Private Branch Exchange (PBX). There are no charges for long distance calls and online directories. The company saves money on equipment, lines and manpower. The local service providers provide an assortment of services. The VOIP system supports email, instant messages, video conference calls and sending images. VOIP will run the regular systems like phone and fax. Today’s world is full of on the go technology. Phones can go anywhere as long as they have an IP connection. IP phones have the same numbers and go anywhere in the world. Service is available almost everywhere for the IP phones. This makes the office mobile. The call features and the voicemail access to the security features and service policies. The VOIP is part of a larger trend toward converged communications. Emailing systems along with web browsers are what the new generations live on. The social-networking crowd loves the systems. VOIP makes this all possible. The data networks are becoming increasingly reliable and high-speed networks.
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model is essential to the world of computer networking. The model was created in 1977 by the International Standards Committee, in response to a difficulty that was facing computer networkers at the time (Shelly, Cashman, and Serwatka 142). In order to understand the difficulty, one must first realize that computer networks consist of computer hardware, the software that is to be used in conjunction with this hardware, and the medium (such as wiring or cabling) that will interconnect the computing devices that are in the network. The computer networker’s job is to determine which hardware, software, and medium types will create the network that will best suit his client’s needs. Then, the networker must combine these elements into a functional system of interconnected computers (Fortino and Villeneuve 112). It was in attempting this latter task that the computer networker of the late 1970s often found himself in a pickle. The problem was that each vendor of computing equipment had developed his own unique set of products; products that were incompatible with the products of other vendors. This incompatibility made it very difficult for a computer networker to combine the various network components into an operational computer network (Stamper 27).
The direction of this paper is to describe a telecommunications switch and show its purpose and multitasking abilities. This paper will use the AT&T 5ESS Switch to give a real world example of a top rated telecommunications switch. The end result will be an understanding of how a switch works and what it can do. Also, it will show why the AT&T 5ESS Switch is #1 in today's telecommunication world.
Moreover, VPN allows the creation a secure private network over a public network such as the Internet.
Voice over IP started in the late 1990’s due to likely savings from merging voice and data systems. Quality of service with IP protocol held back acceptance until discovery of new technology. Circuit-switch telephone calls require a direct connection where VOIP technology doesn’t. Voice data is converted and compressed into packets and sent to its destination. Packets may or may not take the same path. Applications for VOIP include the Internet telephone, LAN/WAN voice communication, FAX over IP, Unified messaging, and conferencing. Combining voice and data network, reducing long distance cost, and flexibility are all advantages for Voice Over IP. Disadvantages include Quality of service and lack of standardization among protocols. Quality of service issues include timely deliver of voice packets even though the IP standard wasn’t developed with this in mind.
Known as Mobile Telephone Systems, these services provided interconnection with the public switched telephone network. Since the mobile telephone system networks were in an early stage, they were afflicted with natural problems. One of the probl...
A network is merely a series of interrelated components, sharing information, linked by one common lifeline, spanning across a large area. When most people think of networks in the computer sense, cyberspace and the internet are usually types of networks that come to mind. However, these are just small pieces that complete the network puzzle. Many other types of networks include Local Area Networks (LANs), Wide Area Networks (WANs), and also wireless networks as well. This paper will provide some insight into the development, objectives, and impact of various network systems.
Hence, when LANs are interconnected even though it’s geographically separated and spans between 3 to 30 miles but still within the city, it forms a network type called Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs). MANs covers a larger geographic area covered by LANs but smaller than the geographic area covered by WANs, (Fitzgerald & Dennis, 2012. p295). Example of organization that utilizes this type of networks are large Universities, school districts, and more. Furthermore, when LANs, MANs, and BNs that goes beyond state, national and international boundaries are interconnected it forms a network type called Wide Area Networks (WANs). Internet is the largest WAN, that exist under collective or distributed ownership and management, (Mitchell, n.d.). WANs use technology such as ATM, Frame Relay and X.25 for connectivity over longer distance, (Fitzgerald & Dennis, 2012. p319).
Switching & Routing The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of switching and routing used in a network environment and familiarize the reader with various hardware and software associated with their functions. This paper will look at some switching concepts that will include store and forward switching, cut through switching, fragment free switching, and V-Lan. This paper will also cover routing concepts, along with some comparisons including routed vs. routing protocols, classful vs. classless protocols, and distance vector vs. link state protocols. Switching The definition of a switch or network switch is a small device that joins multiple computers together, working on layer two of the OSI, to form a local area network or LAN.
A network computer or data network is a telecommunications network that allows computers to exchange data. In computer networks, networked computing devices transmit data to each other using data connections. These connections are established with nodes using either cable or through wireless media. The most famous and interesting computer network is the internet network. There are many types of computer networks, local area networks (LANs) to wide area networks (WAN) campus area networks ( containers ) metropolitan area network MAN ) and home area networks (HANs). With massive uprising in pc’s in the early eighties, the LAN system expanded rapidly. The LAN system on a workstation can be functioned via a short networking cable. LANs consist of computer units linked to a control computer called server. Network technology is the way by which the numerous stations are linked with one another. LAN can be linked to greater networks including mainframe. This provides LAN users with the access to enormous computing power and excellent communication facilities. Computerization in the banking system is the best example of the network LAN.
In its primitive days, the telephone was all but cumbersome. It means when someone was to make a call, the caller had to go through an operator to connect the caller to another party. The telephone was also better at receiving than transmitting. The microphone was not sensitive enough. There were also switchboards in which an operator had to manually remove one socket to connect to another. As the demand of telephone use grew, the need to replace the switchboard system had to be done.
The Internet has revolutionized the computer and communications world like nothing before. The Internet enables communication and transmission of data between computers at different locations. The Internet is a computer application that connects tens of thousands of interconnected computer networks that include 1.7 million host computers around the world. The basis of connecting all these computers together is by the use of ordinary telephone wires. Users are then directly joined to other computer users at there own will for a small connection fee per month. The connection conveniently includes unlimited access to over a million web sites twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. There are many reasons why the Internet is important these reasons include: The net adapts to damage and error, data travels at 2/3 the speed of light on copper and fiber, the internet provides the same functionality to everyone, the net is the fastest growing technology ever, the net promotes freedom of speech, the net is digital, and can correct errors. Connecting to the Internet cost the taxpayer little or nothing, since each node was independent, and had to handle its own financing and its own technical requirements.
Making a telephone call no longer should conjure up visions of operators connecting cables by hand or even of electrical signals causing relays to click into place and effect connections during dialing. The telephone system now is just a multilevel computer network with software switches in the network nodes to route calls get through much more quickly and reliably than they did in the past. A disadvantage is the potential for dramatic and widespread failures; for as has happened.
Postnet is a consistent innovator for its customers and take pride their customer solutions integration technology and is committed to become a technology-based enterprise that will continue to leverage innovative technologies to enhance the business.