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Discriminatory practice in health care
Discriminatory practice in health care
Identifying and challenging discrimination in health and social care
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There are many dimensions of inequality, which have the greatest impact on health outcomes. These dimensions are class, sex and gender and ethnicity. The health outcomes are different for each country. World Health Organisation defines 'health ' as "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease of infirmity" (1948). John Germov (2013, p. 16) wrote a chapter on ‘Imagining Health Problems as Social Issues’ in Second Opinion: An Introduction to Health Sociology, he mentions the ‘social model of health’ where the social determinants of health, which are economic, social and cultural factors, are being looked at closely to how these factors are linked to focus on preventing the illness.
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National Health Strategy (1992, p. 19-20) state that in Australia those who are in the “lowest socioeconomic status have the highest standardised death rate” and are also more likely to “suffer from chronic and recent physical conditions, and are more likely to report mental and emotional problems”. However, they do mention that people in the low socioeconomic status do health services, such as doctors and hospitals, take advantages of these health services (National Health Strategy, 1992, p. 20). Men and female who are living in the worst socioeconomic area have the highest death rates, compared to those living in a better socioeconomic area (National Health Strategy, 1992, p. 28). In the next section of this assignment, it will discuss how sex and gender also has an impact on health …show more content…
26, no. 2, p. 273
Germov, J 2013, ‘Imagining Health Problems as Social Issues’, in J Germov (ed.), Second Opinion: An Introduction to Health Sociology, 5th edn, Oxford University Press, South Melbourne, Victoria, p.16
Germov, J 2013, ‘The Class Origins of Health Inequality’ in J Germov (ed.), Second Opinion: An Introduction to Health Sociology, 5th edn, Oxford University Press, South Melbourne, Victoria, p. 82
Graham, H 2000, ‘Socio-economic change and inequalities in men and women’s health in the UK’, in E Annandale & K Hunt (eds), Gender Inequalities in Health, Open University Press, Buckingham; Philadelphia, pp. 94-96
Julian, R 2013, ‘Ethnicity, Health, and Multiculturalism’, in J Germov (ed.), Second Opinion: An Introduction to health Sociology, 5th edn, Oxford University Press, South Melbourne, Victoria, p.165 – 166
National Health Strategy 1992, ‘Enough to make you sick: How income and environment affect health’, Australia
Smith, G 2003, ‘Learning to live with complexity: ethnicity, socioeconomic postion, and health in Britain and the US’, in G Smith (ed), Health inequalities: Lifecourse approaches, The Policy Press, Bristol, UK,
Social determinants of health (SDOH) are increasingly becoming a major problem of Public Health around the World. The impact of resources and material deprivation among people and populations has resulted in an increase in mortality rate on a planetary scale. Social determinants of health are defined as the personal, social, economic and the environmental conditions which determines the health status of an individual or population (Gardner, 2013). Today’s society is characterized by inequalities in health, education, income and many other factors which as a result is becoming a burden for Public Health around the world. Research studies have shown that the conditions in which people live and work strongly influenced their health. Individuals with high levels of education and fall within the high income bracket turn to have stable jobs, live in the best neighborhood and have access to quality health care system than individuals who have low education and fall with the low income bracket. This paper is to explain different social determinants of health and how they play ...
Najman, J. M. and Smith, G. S.(2000), `The embodiment of class -related and health in equalites, Australian politics', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, Canberra,Vol. 24, Iss. 1; pg.1-3pgs.
There are significant health disparities that exist between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Australians. Being an Indigenous Australian means the person is and identifies as an Indigenous Australian, acknowledges their Indigenous heritage and is accepted as such in the community they live in (Daly, Speedy, & Jackson, 2010). Compared with Non-Indigenous Australians, Aboriginal people die at much younger ages, have more disability and experience a reduced quality of life because of ill health. This difference in health status is why Indigenous Australians health is often described as “Third World health in a First World nation” (Carson, Dunbar, Chenhall, & Bailie, 2007, p.xxi). Aboriginal health care in the present and future should encompass a holistic approach which includes social, emotional, spiritual and cultural wellbeing in order to be culturally suitable to improve Indigenous Health. There are three dimensions of health- physical, social and mental- that all interrelate to determine an individual’s overall health. If one of these dimensions is compromised, it affects how the other two dimensions function, and overall affects an individual’s health status. The social determinants of health are conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age which includes education, economics, social gradient, stress, early life, social inclusion, employment, transport, food, and social supports (Gruis, 2014). The social determinants that are specifically negatively impacting on Indigenous Australians health include poverty, social class, racism, education, employment, country/land and housing (Isaacs, 2014). If these social determinants inequalities are remedied, Indigenous Australians will have the same opportunities as Non-Ind...
Topic 3: "Outline the social determinants of health in Australia and provide a critical analysis of these determinants. Discuss the current health status comparisons between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians and interventions to remedy these inequalities.”
...an, P., Egerter, S., & Williams, D. R. (2011). The social determinants of health: coming
Working/lower class individuals are more likely to suffer from poor health as they are most likely to be in manual jobs. These manual jobs are more likely to expose workers to toxins and pollution thus affecting their health. The Black Report of 198024 highlights that working class individuals are more likely to smoke and turn to drinking due to stress from working in these poor conditions. The NHS does not prioritise patients in order of their class, status or wealth but instead on their health needs. Practitioners should recognise class inequalities and work to avoid bias. Due to lack of cultural capital, patients from lower social classes may lack knowledge of medical procedures and may need extra
Working Group on Inequalities in Health (1982) Inequalities in Health (The Black Report), London, HMSO, 1982.
Overtime, sociology has played an essential role in the aid of healthcare policies and procedures, along with playing a fundamental role in one’s understanding of health inequalities. This paper explores how sociology has played such a role in healthcare, whilst including discussions regarding the influence of social structures and inequalities in the health of an individual, their family and community, with the topic of health variations between social classes being the main focus of the discussion. A structured overview, review and evaluation of a specific health policy in the UK will also be provided within this paper. Sociology in healthcare. Sociology can be defined in a number of ways, due to its almost limitless scope (Denny, Earle,
Wilkinson, R.G. & Marmot, M.G. 2003, Social determinants of health: the solid facts, World Health Organization.
Richmond, K. and Germov, J., 2009. Sociology of Health Promotion. In: Germov, ed. An Introduction to Health Sociology. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, pp. 476-499.
People living in areas such as Playford, has shown to have a lower socioeconomic position, which made them at highest risk of poor health (WHO, 2017). Then, the social determinants of health support the understanding the difference between populations health levels, but also the reasons behind why some groups are healthier than others (Marmot, 2005) and the issue becomes a little bit deeper as people living in different areas related to others differently, so then the social stratification of health is affected by differences in gender, marital status, residential areas and ethnicity (Elstad,
Turrell, G. et al. (2006) Health inequalities in Australia: morbidity, health behaviors, risk factors and health service use. Canberra: Queensland University of Technology and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2006. Retrieved on March 29th, 2011 from http://152.91.62.50/publications/phe/hiamhbrfhsu/hiamhbrfhsu-c00.pdf.
The essay will be looking at , poverty, employment and unemployment, poor diets as determinants of health in this context amongst other factors such as housing, mental health, social support network, education, culture, individual behaviours, genetics, gender because they have the best documented evidence on research in health inequalities in Britain available in the Black Report (DHSS 1980; Townsend, Davidson and Whitehead, 1992), Acheson Report (Acheson 1998), and FairSociety, HealthyLives Report, and other academic sources.
Marmot in his famous article titled Social Determinants of Health Inequalities firmly stated that actions targeted to improve healthcare access should not be focused only on healthcare system but rather on the social determinants of health. Marmot reiterated that health inequalities, disparities and social determinants of health are totally preventable through more inclusive wider social policies. He insists that inequalities of health between and within geographical areas can be reduced through positive actions.3 And such actions should be focused towards improving the social determinants of health in all areas to give everyone equal access to healthcare services.2-3 Explaining that lack of healthcare access are driven by SDOH, Marmot further argues that health cannot be improved by itself alone, but by enhancing those factors that determine health.
Kevin White pp: 5-8k introduction to sociology of health and illness second edition books.goole.co.uk accessed 11-04-2014