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Routine activities theory 3 factors
Social factors that contribute to criminal behavior
Routine activities theory 3 factors
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The Good and Bad of R.A.T. Theory.
Why do people commit crime? It depends on who you ask and how you look at it, also what you define crime as. There are many theories out there about why people commit crime.
One of these theories is Routine Activities Theory. Routine activities theory was first articulated in a series of papers by Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson. Crime and victimization involve the intersection of three factors: targets, guardians, and motive. The following quote gives a description of these three motives.
Cohen and Felson assume that both the motivation to commit crime and the supply of offenders are constant. Every society will always have some people who are willing to break the law for revenge, greed, or some other motive. The volume and distribution of predatory crime (violent crimes against a person and crimes in which an offender attempts to steal an object directly) are closely related to the interaction of three variables that reflect the routine activities of the typical American lifestyle:
1. The availability of suitable targets, such as homes containing easily salable
goods.
2. The absence of capable guardians, such as police, homeowners, neighbors,
friends, and relatives,
3. The presence of motivated offenders, such as large number of unemployed
teenagers.
The presence of these components increases the likelihood that predatory crime will take place. Targets are more likely to be victimized if they are poorly guarded and exposed to a large group of motivated offenders such as teenage boys.
Cohen and Felson argue that crime rates increased between 1960 and 1980 because the number of adult caretakers at home during the day...
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...case doctors blames victims.” South China Morning Post
Ltd. 29 Nov. 2002. <http://web.lexisnexis.com/universe/document_m=1961bf9962c894de85d3
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Ragsdale, Shirley. “Anger against someone who looks like an Arab is misdirected” The
Des Moines Register Online. 21 Nov. 2001. <http://infoweb2.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_action=doc&p_docid=0F6AAE4773994CDE&p_docnum=2&p_nbid=Q56R5FKSMTAz
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Siegel, Larry J. Criminology: The Core. Wadsworth/Thomson Learning. United Sates.
2002.
Witosky, Tom. “Pierce deal: Positive Step for Victims?” The Des Moines Register
Online. 11 Nov. 2002. <http://infoweb2.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_action=doc&p_docid=0F74F2CEDC23B770&p_docnum=5&p_nbid=Q56R5FKSMTAzODkyODEwNi41OTA3Nzk6MTo2OjE0Ny45Mg>
“The Lovely Bones” is a book written by Alice Sebold. It was published in 2002, and it’s about Susie Salmon, a girl that was murdered and no watches her family and murderer from her own heaven. She tries to balance her feeling and watch out for her family since her murderer is still free and with nobody knowing how dangerous he is. In 2009, a movie adapted from the book came out as well.
There are many views on crime and deviance and many theories to why they occur.
On March 19, 1905, Albert Speer was born in Mannheim, Germany. Influenced by his father, he studied to become an architect instead of a mathematician. Speer went to the university at Karlsruhe and then at Berlin. On August 1928, he married Margarethe Weber-despite family disapproval-and came to have six children. Speer, enraptured by the Nationalist Socialist Party and by Hitler’s charisma, he became a member. Speer became the main architect of the Nazi Party and later became the Minister of Arms and Munitions. His control of German munitions factories led to a threefold increase of arms during Allied air raids. The defeat of the Axis powers led to the Nuremberg trials, where Speer was notably known for his apologies for his actions. At the trials, Speer’s sentence was 20 years in prison to Germany's Spandau Prison.
Hitler had to overcome many roadblocks on his way to power, one of which was internal strife within the Nazi party. On several occasions the Nazi party was afflicted by desertion of several high profile members, including Gregor Strasser who was the second most powerful man in the Nazi party before his leaving. The Nazi party itsel...
The foundation of a Christian worldview is the belief in a personal God, creator and ruler of the universe. The Christian worldview views the world through God’s word, providing the framework for humanity to live by giving meaning and purpose to life. It defines who Jesus is, human nature, and how salvation is achieved. In essence it is the basis of which Christians behave, interact, interpret life and comprehend reality. A Christian worldview imparts confidence, answers to life’s problems, and hope for the future. In this paper I will discuss the essentials of a Christian worldview and an analysis of the influences, benefits, and difficulties sustaining the Christian faith.
Therefore, the statement is inaccurate. Speer was responsible of managing Armaments production. He requested Hitler to gather laborers to work for him. Throughout 1942 Hitler ordered Fritz Sauckel, the Laborer Minister, to gather the POWs and concentration camp prisoners to work in the Armament factories. Speer violated the Geneva Convention to use the POWs as laborers to produce the V2 rocket. He starved and crammed them into unhygienic cattle trucks. Consequently, 2500 V2 rockets were produced by March 1945. The statement is partially accurate because it’s evident Speer used his authority to his personal advantage. He used his authority to participate in crimes against humanity which significantly increased artillery production. Furthermore, Speer expanded the conscript system to force the concentration camp prisoners into slavery. He committed crimes by the Nazi regime by starving the prisoners with 1,100 calories a week. Armaments production increased by 27% (guns), 97% (ammunition), 25% (tanks) and Speer was promoted to the Major General in 1944. Proving Speer used the Nazi regime to his advantage. He used the regime to exploit the Jews, contributing to the mass murder of the Jews. However, this advanced Armaments production and contributed to Speer furthering his political position. Speer’s promotion to the Minister of Armaments highlights he used his authority and the Nazi regime to his personal
Cohen, L. E. & Felson, M. (1979). “Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activities approach,” American Sociological Review 44:588-608.
With this authority, Speer expanded a system of conscript and slave labour, supplied primarily from concentration camps, that maintained production of war material for Nazi Germany (Britannica). The brilliant architect minister of armaments and war production for the Third Reich and a close friend to Hitler. Throughout World War II, Speer had directed an “armaments miracle,” doubling Hitler’s production orders and prolonging the German war effort while under relentless Allied air attacks (King Gilbert). Speer instituted the changes in the institutional framework of the German war economy which made the brilliant success of German war production between spring, 1942 and summer 1944 possible (Pike John). Speer’s designs are uniformly moribund and dry, without a spark of originality (Sorkin Michael). Speer did get off easy at Nuremberg, but his status as a “classical” architect was part of what saved him (Sorkin Michael). He proceeded to make administrative changes that greatly increased the efficiency of the German war economy. Speer's arrest and trial as a war criminal relates to the heavy use of slave labor brutalized by the NAZI state (“Albert Speer”). Speer was the architect for Germania before the Nazi Party fell in 1945 (History.com Staff). Architect Albert Speer was the “good Nazi” (Kate
... such as walking in well lit areas, abstaining from areas know as “hot spots”, and letting someone know your whereabouts, are suggested. Also, these individuals should be aware of the risks that come with certain types of activities. In conjunction to awareness, individuals should be involved in family leisure activities so that their idle hands do not become the devils workshop. Parents provide the primary foundation in the children’s socialization; if this process is not effective or neglected the result could be detrimental. It may lead children to transition into adulthood without the fundamental skills that prevent the development of a criminal disposition. Now that routine activities theory has created a clear understanding of the economics of crime, let’s focus our research on which parenting methods could prevent criminality or crime before if ever develops.
Crime and Everyday Life chapter two, The Chemistry for Crime outlines the various components of a crime. Noting that offenders are just one small element to any crime. In all honesty offenders are a variable waiting for time that all the elements are in place. Violent, predatory crimes only occur while an absence of guardians around a target. Clarke named the check list for a target or hot product as, concealable, removable, available, valuable, enjoyable, and disposable. Equally, fights develop in the absence of peacemakers and a present crowd. Illegal sales crime all depend on the setting that offers coverage and removed management. The Chemistry for Crime argues that everyday life tempts as well as diminishes the potential for crime, influencing
Religions play a crucial role in impacting how adherents live their lives and their understanding of humanities enduring questions of life. Religion is an active system of faith. Christianity is a religion centred on the teachings of Jesus Christ and the bible. A living tradition is one that is active amongst followers in present society. Whereas a dynamic tradition is capable of adapting and amending in order to meet the needs of society. Christianity is formed as a living and dynamic tradition, which is defined by its distinct characteristics. Characteristics include, sacred texts and writings, rituals and ceremonies, beliefs and believers and ethics. Ultimately, Christianity is shaped as a living and dynamic tradition through the characteristics of religion’s impacts on adherents.
was to aid Jesus Christ to prove his divine identity and to help him establish according to him, “the kingdom of God on earth”. Some of the miracles that Jesus performed were to convince the people of his divinity
Wilson, James and Herrnstein, Richard. "Crime & Human Nature: The Definitive Study of the Causes of Crime" New York: Free Press, 1998.
The world will always be full of crime, thus it is necessary for scientist to grow along with the gruesome and increasing amount of violations. Due to this it sparked scientist to develop crime theories in which emerged to explain why crime is caused by individuals. Some of the few theories that have advanced over the past century and provided many answers to why crimes are committed are biological theories, psychological theories and learning theories. These theories provide an insight to its first use and change in order to provide answers.
Though inconclusive, there are numerous other socio-biological factors that present individual risks to criminality. These include gang related peer influence, low IQ levels and hormones; especially cortisol and testosterone.