The Golden Age Of Islam

The Catholic Church was the most powerful churches across Europe and the middle ages. After the fall of Rome, no state or government united the people who lived in Europe. Kings and queens received much of their power from their alliance and protection of the Church. King Charlemagne was named the Emperor of the Romans later afterwards. He was the first leader since Rome’s fall 300 years before this. Over time, Charlemagne’s kingdom became the Holy Roman Empire. Innocent people across Europe had to “tithe” which was 10 % of their earnings each year that goes to the Church. At the same time, the Church was exempt from most taxes. These policies helped the church to profit a great amount of money and also power. As Islam began to spread, it became larger and more powerful. After the Prophet Muhammad’s death, Muslim armies conquered large parts of the Middle East, being united under the rule of a single caliph. At its high point, the Islamic world about three times bigger than all of Christendom which is the worldwide community of Christians. Under the rule of the caliphs, great cities advanced an amazing growth in cultural life. Muslim dynasties were soon established and many successful empires in India were among the largest and most powerful empires in the world. The Islamic golden age included creations in much advancement of culture and science, biology, physics, medicine, mathematics, Art and architecture. This golden age of Islam is mostly due to a new writing system and reestablished government and declined again from the Mongol invasions. The crusades had a big impact on Europe and had lasting effects, good and bad. Towards the end of the 11th century, the Catholic Church began to send military expeditions to remove Muslim “...

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...d. They planted crops and gave most of the produce to the landowner and the rest to take home. In exchange for their labor, they were allowed to live on the land safely with protection from enemy invasions and it included shelter with their family. Feudal life began to change. Agricultural innovations like the heavy plow and the “three-field crop rotation” which made farming easier, so less surfs were needed. Meanwhile, the Crusades expanded trade routes to the East and expanded cultural diffusion. As the economy developed, port cities in particular did very well. By 1300, there were almost 15 cities in Europe with a population of at least 50,000 per city. In these cities, the Renaissance was born. During this everything began to settle down and be more relaxed. This was a very big social aspect where no one had to worry anymore and it was actually fun and enjoyable.