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Review on employee empowerment
Review on employee empowerment
Introduction to employee empowerment
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The Global Economy and the New Employee-Employer Relationship
The new global economy has forced a reorganizing of the American workplace. In times past the workplace provided job security, training and internal employee development to improve employee performance and commitment. The new revolution in employee-employer relationships has allowed companies to reduce costs, increase flexibility, and generally improve performance. But where the old structure protected employees, new ones emphasize downsizing, part time or contingent workers, outsourcing, and compensation based on individual merit and overall organizational performance. These new organizations shift much of the risk of the company from stakeholders to employees and increase the demands on workers while reducing their compensation. Therefore employees have been penalized for the restructuring of the American workplace.
There are three distinct periods of the American workplace: industrial, post-industrial and contemporary. The Industrial was the period before WWII. The Post-Industrial was prevalent for most of the 20th century, and the contemporary emerged during the late 1980’s and 1990’s.
During the industrial period, training was informal and occurred on the job. Foreman had primary control over the workers. The fear of being fired was the primary source of worker control. There was no job security. The Post-industrial period was a product or partly in reaction to the growing union movement, partly from efforts by management to increase productivity on the heels of WWI. During this period there was a clear distinction between the interests of shareholders and those of management. Clear distinction between the work of management and the work of labor. Managers did the "thinking work," labor did the physical or mechanical work. Employment decisions were based on pre-established, objectives such as seniority, years of training, etc, rather than on individual merit. Unskilled workers were hired to work in the factories; recent college graduates for management. Factory workers started with simple task and gradually learned more difficult ones; young managers had more explicit training programs and job rotation. Large corporations might have training departments. Promotion tended to follow training schedules, one could move up as one learned to handle more complex assignments. There were often "fast tracks" for employees with special relationships or with highly desirable qualities. Organizational structures were organized by function. Decision-making power was at the top and had to flow through too many levels. There was a sense of job security, based on a seniority system.
This shows the substantial disconnect between the top management’s goal and the front-line employees’ experience. Moreover, factors such as a decentralized corporate structure, extrinsic motivation system, and lack of employee relations all played into Nordstrom’s decline. Top management believed that the 20-year-old incentive system still worked and claimed that employees earned one of the highest base pay rates in the industry. This claim of success was based on the underlying assumption that money was the single-dominant motivation source for employees. Therefore, the system was entirely focused on extrinsic motivation. Furthermore, the decentralized control system allowed abuse of the incentive system and promoted hyper-competitive environment that actually demotivated employees. Without fully understanding the cultural problem associated with the performance standard, top management reluctantly issued a back pay for all employees for the unreported hours. However, it seems that the issue will inevitably bleed over this temporary band-aid solution. Management should have moved away from depending solely on employee’s extrinsic motivation since monetary reward has a temporary affect and the pleasure diminishes over
Industrialization in the negative led to long work hour with little and low pay to employers. “Before down my labor drivers me forth”(Document 2) they didn’t get to see his boy that much. She worked “from 5 in the morning till 9 nights, when they were thronged”(Document 7). They usual hours they did not have to thronged it was “from 6 in the morning till 7 at night”(Document 7) that was still a lot.
Organizations face massive challenges in attracting and retaining a high-quality and productive workforce. Companies are continually looking for new ways to keep their employees satisfied at all levels in order to harness greater productivity and ideas from people while keeping them motivated and happy. One real challenge examined earlier is the need to transform General Motors to be a much more productive and fully utilized organization by examining the hourly workforce. This is a great change from the traditional "us versus them" mentality of the past between management and the union.
A two tier wages plan system causes the employee body to perceive an organization as having stratified
...g employees and keep them committed to the job can be a tough job for organizations and the HR function. Retaining talented individuals that are familiar with their work culture and practices, than making them redundant and recruit them later in future also benefits organizations. As an example we can look at the measures taken by Aer Lingus, who implemented a “leave and return” policy, where they gave employees a lump sum severance payment and made them rejoin on a reduced wage (Gunnigle et al, 2013). This policy is quite important for an organization because rather than taking a more short term approach of cutting jobs and losing on talent and recruiting them again in future, companies should keep long term strategy in mind and look for ways to retain talent within their organization and try adjusting them into different roles, while keeping them motivated enough.
As a result of the shift of power and the new role undertaken by human labor, education became increasingly important. A privilege once reserved for the upper class, education was afforded to the working class in an effort to improve industrial efficiency. ...
American society changed tremendously from the birth of the Factory System to the 21st century. The factory system was first introduced in the 1400s and has developed in the centuries that has come ahead. It changed many of the industries and made the work force much easier. Some of the changed factors were the assembly line and how gender roles were affected, age in the work force changed. As well as that the food, clothes and automotive industry increasingly became more mobile and time consuming.This led to the contributions on the creation of the Twentieth and Twenty First Centuries. American society changed tremendously by the work force and the effect that
With the workers working for so little wages the owners of the factories had more control over their workers and their lives. Most of the owners of the factories were mean and did not care about their workers. Most owners thought they were giving their workers a good opportunity and they should be grateful for the chance they get. In some of the factories, workers were not even allowed to talk at all during their shifts. Talking can get you a fine and or punishment. All you were there for was to work not to make friends or meet new people. Need to go to the restroom? Strict owners would tell you no or some might even time you. The owners did not care if their workers got hurt and if they did then they still had to work or they would lose their jobs. Kids worked in the hardest jobs with machinery that would end up killing a lot of the kids because the owners had them going into the smallest areas and the products would fall on them and kill them. If lucky some workers could have gotten a nice owner like Richard Arkwright. His rules in his factory were strict but he provided people homes who did not have any and churches and basic education for those who have never had it and for their families. ( Industrial Revolution) With the owners not caring that led to a lack of adequate security normally there were only around 30 officers for 10,000 plus workers. This also led to increased crime rate in the factories and then people would be fined and send to prison because they could not pay the fine. With people not being able to pay the fines and sent to prisons led to overcrowded prisons, this caused more people to be sensitive to death for crimes that were not normally sentenced to death because of overcrowded
This is true for the Industrial laborers as well. Though, they are alike in this way old labor and new labor operated very differently. Firstly, old labor allowed employees small rewards and freedom to allow the workforce to be more suited to them. On the other hand, new laborers were forced to conform to the nearly impossible pace of machines that had been built to speed up production. Employees were unable to have anyone protect them during the industrial revolution, unlike those of the preindustrial workforce. Preindustrial were given liberties like excused tardiness, leisure day, holiday breaks, and have the ability in some cases to become something more than they once were. This is not the case for industrial workers. Although, they work the same amount of time, if not more, and get paid the same, industrial workers do not have the same opportunities as those before them. Industrial workers and the rules that applied to them were “strictly observed”. Even if a worker would only “arrive two minutes late they shall lose half an hour’s wages” (Wiesner). Many rules much like this were implemented during this time in order to keep maximum profit and production flowing within the
An example of these horrible working conditions would be in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire. 146 people were killed because there was no fire escapes and the managers chained the doors shut to prevent anyone from leaving during work. Besides the fact of the horrible working conditions, most Americans were only making 500$ a year, while they were working 10 hours or more a day 7 days a week. The working conditions often made people sick and a lot of times would end up with death. By 1900 industrial accidents killed thirty-five thousand workers each year and maimed five hundred thousand others, and the numbers continued to rise. Child labor was also on the rise as 1.7 million people were working in factories by 1900. Progressivists changed this by implementing child labor laws, higher minimum wages, lowering work hours and improving working conditions. This was necessary because to many workers were dying, in poverty or just being worn down.
Since the 1980s, it has been established that there must be a strong association between employee compensation and business strategy (Hufnagel, 1987). However, the development of strategically-oriented compensation scheme is a complex endeavor that requires consideration of numerous factors. Some of these elements are evolving employee needs, changing employee and societal demographics, the changing sexual composition of the labor force as well as transforming qualifications of job applicants (Dawson, 1995). It cannot be emphasized enough that strategic compensation enables an organization to align employee interests with those of the owners of the company (Santone, Kevin, & Britt, 1993). Indeed, numerous studies attest that effective compensation schemes can be tools for employee motivation, high levels of which can lead to excellent organizational performance. However, a sad reality is that not all organizations have strategic compensation programs that seek to align employee interests with that of the enterprise. This paper presents a proposed compensation scheme for Nike, Inc. (Nike), a company that has had issues with employee compensation, particularly for offshore factory workers (Taibi, 2013).
With human resource management becoming the most comprehensive subject when it comes to the management of people in organizations, it is imperative to reiterate the importance of worker compensation in the confines of managing labor. The chief purpose of this term paper is to analyze the Soergel (1) report on the state of employee compensation in the U.S. Based on the report that was presented by the Labor Department of the United States; there were not changes in the patterns of employee compensation in the country. Therefore, it is quite necessary to explain the trend and the implication for work input and the upcoming performance of the labor market as a whole.
Zimmerman, E. (2007, November). Why deep layoffs hurt long-term recovery (HR's tools for recovery). Workforce. Retrieved April 20, 2009, from http://www.findarticles.com
Riordan Manufacturing has been through several strategic changes in its marketing and manufacturing efforts, which have significantly decreased employee retention. In performing an employee survey this decrease in retention has been attributed to a decrease in overall job satisfaction, specifically in the areas of compensation and benefits. Riordan's current rewards program is not based on performance, but instead recognizes aspects, such as cost-of-living increases, seniority, and position despite recent performance data identifying most of its employees as mid-tier performers and a small group that is not performing well at all. With declining morale and work ethic, Riordan's managers want something done about the current system and should keep in mind that in 'Designing and delivering a total compensation program requires a compensation philosophy that creates measurable standards for employees to follow and uses those standards to evaluate employee performance and allocate rewards (Ulrich & Brockbank 2005, p. 23)'.
In Today’s world, the composition and how work is done has massively changed and is still continuing to change. Work is now more complex, more team base, depends greatly on technological and social skills and lastly more mobile and does not depend on geography. Companies are also opting for ways to help their employees perform their duties effectively so that huge profits are realized in the long term .The changes in the workplaces include Reduction in the structure of the hierarchy ,breakdown in the organization boundaries , improved and better management tactics and perspectives and lastly better workplace condition and health to the employees. (Frank Ackerman, Neva R. Goodwin, Laurie Dougherty, Kevin Gallagher, 2001)