The Gender Pay Gap
explanatory Essay
797 words
For many years, this has been the topic of many discussions. Is there a gender compensation gap? This disparity has been well documented in prior academic work such as Bayard & Al in 2003. The Economic Committee of the US Congress already reported in 2010 that female employees earned on average 77 cents for every dollar earned by a male employee. This gender pay gap does not just apply to non-management employees. The US Government Accounting Office also indicated in 2007 that on average a female manager earned 81% of their male counterparts’ salary. This article tries to answer that exact question but on focusing mainly on top level executive, and whether or not there is a gender pay gap amongst CEO’s. According to their results the …show more content…
In this essay, the author
- Explains that there is a gender compensation gap, which has been well documented in prior academic work such as bayard & al in 2003.
- Explains that martin bugeja, zoltan p. matolcsy & helen spiropoulos are interested in whether or not a gender pay gap exists amongst ceo’s.
- Explains that jordan and al in 2007 did not find any major evidence of a gender pay gap for ceos, except for lower level executives. this article uses the propensity score matching technique to compare male and female ceo's pay.
- Explains how the propensity score matching technique allows s to compare male and female ceos on a more even playing field in comparison to previous studies.
- Opines that the lack of female ceo is a major weakness of the study.
Matolcsy & Helen Spiropoulos the authors of this article seem to be particularly interested in whether or not a gender pay gap exist amongst CEO’s. Prior work of Vieito and Khan in 2012, Munoz-Bullon in 2010, Bell in 2005 and Bertrand and Hallock in 2001 have already tackled the question of possible gender pay difference between male & female CEOs and their work seem to show evidence of pay difference. It seems that male executives receive higher compensation than female executives. However, Bell in 2005 demonstrated that the compensation gap between male and female executives tends to be lower “when a firm is led by a female CEO” (Is there a gender gap in CEO compensation – M. Bugeja, Z. P. Matolcsy, H. Spiropoulos). Studies from Elkinawy and Stater in 2011 also show a gender pay gap amongst lower level executives, but it seems that the pay difference has been diminishing over …show more content…
Previous studies tend to match male and female CEOs within an industry in a similar size firm. The propensity score matching used in this study enables the authors to “identify control firms within year and industry using firm size (sales), board size and percentage of female directors matching variables […] it indicates that the use of propensity score matching identifies control firms that are statistically similar across multiple dimensions to firms with a female CEO.” (Is there a gender gap in CEO compensation – M. Bugeja, Z. P. Matolcsy, H. Spiropoulos). This technique enable the authors to compare male and female CEOs on a more even playing field in comparison to previous studies as discussed by Armstrong and Al (2010). The authors collected data for US listed firms between 1998 to 2010 from the Investor Responsibility Research Center (IRRC), Compustat Fundamentals Annual and Execucomp databases according to the
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- Gender Gap In Payexplanatory essayIntroduction Gender Pay Gap also referred to as Gender wage gap, gender income difference or male-female income difference refers to the difference between the earning of men and women (Victoria, 2006). The European Union defines the Gender Pay gap as the difference between men and women’s hourly earnings (OECD, 2012). The difference may be measured on hourly, weekly, monthly, or yearly earning. The difference is expressed as a percentage of the men’s earning. However, the difference varies from one industry to another, from one country to another and from one age group to another.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the gender pay gap is the difference between men and women's hourly earnings. the difference is expressed as a percentage of the men’s earning.
- Explains that the gender pay gap starts early in career and can be attributed to different factors including the type of career as well as gender related discriminatory factors.
- Explains that in 2012, women's earning per hour remained at 16.4% below those of their male counterparts in the european union and 16.7%
- Explains that women leaving and reentering workforce to meet family responsibilities leads to loss of seniority as well as opportunities for advancement and wage increment.
- Analyzes women's preference for clerical and childcare occupations, which are historically undervalued and low paying.
- Explains that gender pay gap can be attributed to economic and sociological factors.
- Explains that the united states has one of the highest gender pay gaps among the developed countries.
- Explains that the gender pay gap is minimal in young employees but widens with age due to disruptions that women have later in life. cyprus, portugal, and the united kingdom show a different trend.
- Explains that economic factors contribute to gender pay gap, such as more working hours, family responsibilities, and job opportunities. discrimination has also been attributed to be a factor.
- Explains the sociological factors that have been blamed for the gender pay gap.
- Explains that gender pay gap affects women and the economy. bridging the gap between men and women would have positive impacts on the australian economy, which represents 8.5% of gdp.
- Opines that the gender pay gap is a global issue that requires effective solutions from stakeholders including employees, employers, and governments.
- Cites the australian bureau of statistics (abs) and the national centre for social and economic modelling (ncsem).
1584 wordsRead More - The Gender Pay Gap Myth Summaryanalytical essayIn the recent article of 2016, “What is the Gender Pay Gap and is it Real?”, the authors Elise Gould, Jessica Schieder, and Kathleen Geier give an ample amount of statistics that prove that women are paid less than men; for example, a woman was paid less than a man of the same education, experience, and occupation. In Kevin Miller’s article “The Simple Truth about the Gender Pay Gap,” he states that full-time working women get paid 80 percent of what men are paid (Miller). According to the two articles mentioned above, factors such as age, stereotypes, and ethnicity can be the cause of the gender wage gap. In the 2016 article of “Four Ways the Gender Pay Gap Isn’t All It Seems,” author Simon Maybin claims that the gender wage gap does not exist
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the gender pay gap is real, but it is not as large as statistics may say.
- Explains that the gender wage gap is a measure of pay disparity between men and women.
- Analyzes the gender pay gap, stating that women are getting paid $3.27 less per hour than men. women make 82.7 percent of what men make, equal to 83 cents per dollar.
- Analyzes how simon maybin's article "four ways the gender pay gap isn't all it sees" states that the gender pay gap is dependent upon the age of women and how they choose their jobs.
- Explains that the statistics described above only provide an overview of the wage gap; it does not explain whether the men and women are doing similar work and if it includes the education or experience levels.
- Explains that the adjusted wage gap includes characteristics such as ethnicity, education and experience levels, and locational division.
- Explains that the gender wage gap may also be influenced by ethnicity. according to "the simple truth about the gender pay gap", the median pay of hispanic, latina, african american, american indian, and native hawaiian and other native women was lower compared to non-hispanic white and asian american women.
- Analyzes how the article "don't buy into the gender pay gap myth" and simon maybin argue that the gender wage gap is false.
- Explains that the wage gap between men and women has been lessened since the 1970s due to their higher involvement in the work force. miller predicts that women will receive equal pay until 2059.
- Opines that the gender pay gap is existent, but it is not as large as statistics may say, due to age, ethnicity, and females' appointment of their own images.
1742 wordsRead More - Gender Gap In Payanalytical essay2. According to our text, what explains the gender gap in pay? Compare and contrast economic and sociological explanations of this gap.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that gender gap in pay is a result of gender inequality, which is the difference in the status, power, and prestige women and men have in groups, collectives and society.
- Explains that the "glass ceiling" is a promotion block that prevents women from moving up in an industry/company. these blockades are especially challenging for women who work in male-dominated occupations.
- Explains that comparable worth policies attempt to remedy the gender pay gap by adjusting pay so that those in female-dominated jobs are not paid less for equivalent work.
- Explains that women are responsible for maintaining the home and raising the children, while men are characterized as the "breadwinners".
- Explains that when women first entered the work force, they faced persistent judgement and sexism. they were either maids or house servants, unmarried and did not have children.
- Analyzes the gender pay gap attributed to differences in personal and workplace characteristics between women and men, as well as direct and indirect discrimination in the labor market.
- Explains gender typing: designation of occupations as male or female.
556 wordsRead More - Gender Wage Gap Research Paperexplanatory essayGender Wage Gap The gender wage gap is a well-known aspect of our gender inequality in America. In April of 2013 the 50th anniversary of the equal pay act of 1963 was celebrated, this act was the declaration of "unconscionable practice of paying female employees less wages than male employees for the same job" (huffingtonpost) when signed. However we have even yet to see any changes 50 years later. To this day woman are still getting paid approximately 77 cents for every dollar a man makes.
In this essay, the author
- States that the gender wage gap is an important and controversial issue in american and needs to be solved in order to regain equality between men and women.
- Explains that the gender wage gap is a political issue because parties can't agree on the significance of it.
- Explains that there are two main reasons for pay gaps in our work place that can be identified: direct gender discrimination, and occupational segregation.
- Opines that there are steps that need to be made in order to regain equality for women. companies should make salary audits that monitor and clearly address gender bias pay gaps.
- Opines that closing the wage gap would be what economists call a "huge stimulus," which would increase the economy by three to four percentage points.
886 wordsRead More - Women's Pay Gapexplanatory essayWomen have had full rights for almost 100 years but they are still facing discrimination. According to studies, “Full time women workers’ earnings are only about 78% of their male counterparts’ earnings” (“Your Right To”). If the same job is being done at the same rate of quality then why are women losing out on money for their families or for themselves? The pay gap can also affect retirement funds for the future. The fact of the matter is women are making less than their male coworkers and it has to be changed.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that women have had full rights for almost 100 years, but they are still facing discrimination. the pay gap can affect retirement funds for the future.
- Opines that women deserve to be paid equal to men in every way, including money earned. some argue that the research is falsified, completely inaccurate, or even not important.
- Explains that the gender pay gap started out at 41% in 1963, and has slowed since the beginning of the century. the gap is getting closer to being non-existent but it's still there.
- Explains that women make up almost half of the workforce and are branching out into careers they wouldn't normally see in.
- Opines that women make more money than their male co-workers in jobs that are stereotyped as feminine. in the medical field, women face a pretty large pay gap.
- Explains that there are people who believe that women should not be paid the same as a man.
- Opines that there is still a gender pay gap and it looks like it will be around for at least two more years. national organizations are trying to bring attention to this issue.
956 wordsRead More - The Equal Pay Act: a Failure?explanatory essayWomen have faced gender wage discrimination for decades. The gender pay gap is the difference between what a male and a female earns. It happens when a man and a woman standing next to each other doing the same job for the same number of hours get paid different salaries. On average, full-time working- women earn just “77 cents for every dollar a man earn.” When you compare a woman and a man doing the same job, “the pay gap narrows to 81 percent (81%)” (Rosin). Fifty-one years ago, in order to stop the gender gap discrimination, Congress enacted the Equal Pay Act of 1963. The act states that all women should receive “equal pay for equal work”. Unfortunately, even in 2014 the gender pay gap persists and even at the highest echelons of the corporate; therefore, the equal pay act is a failure.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that gm's new chief executive officer, mary barra, was not being paid the same as her male predecessor, dan akerson.
- Opines that mary barra's gm pay could top $14 million, putting her in the big three.
- Explains cohen, marcia s. the escape clause. rep. institute of science and human values, 2012.
- Explains that george, jennifer m., "chapter 12." contemporary management. by gareth r. jones.
- Quotes mark guarino, "gender pay gap: gm defends compensation package for ceo mary barra (video)." the christian science monitor.
- Opines that gm hasn't shortchanged mary barra. bloomberg business week.
- Explains the gender pay gap, which is the difference between what a male and female earns. the equal pay act of 1963 is an amendment to the fair labor standards act that prohibits gender-based pay discrimination.
- Opines that women in the us are far from reaching the full wage equity. the paycheck fairness act was rejected twice by the congress.
780 wordsRead More - Pay Gap Research Paperanalytical essayThe majority of the pay gap between men and women actually comes from differences within the occupation without any fiscal discrepancy in regards to gender. The pay differences comes from the job title or position, not gender. This gap widens due to ranking or the type of chosen profession for example, business, law and solution, as indicated by information from Claudia Goldin, a Harvard University work economist and a heading researcher on ladies and the economy. "There is a conviction, which is simply not genuine, that ladies are simply in terrible occupations and on the off chance that we simply place them in better occupations, we would take care of sexual orientation whole issue" said Dr. Goldin. Putting ladies into higher-paying occupations would eradicate only 15 percent of the pay crevice for all specialists and somewhere around 30 and 35 percent for school graduates, she found. The remainder of the gap has to do with what is happening inside the workplace. “The gender gap in pay would be considerably reduced and might vanish altogether if firms did not have an incentive to disproportionately reward individuals who labored long hours and worked particular hours,” she wrote in a paper published this month in The American Economic Review. The pay gap between men and women is exacerbated by bonus payments given to male managers which are on average double those for women, says the Chartered Management Institute (CMI).
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the pay gap between men and women is exacerbated by bonuses given to male managers, which are on average double those for women.
- Opines that women in the u.s. are paid about 77 cents on every dollar paid to men. the npwf study found that the pay hole pay for women is $11,084 short of what men pay.
- Explains that the income gap has stayed the same since 2009, when president obama first stepped into office.
- Explains that the fiscal gap isn't due to segregation, but to gender-based uneven characters of people in force and charge over the administration.
- Argues that women's advancement has dwindled since the mid-1990s, and that the demonstration will oblige us to modify the social standards and generalizations we depict to young people.
- Opines that 10 percent of the pay hole could be attributed to ladies having diverse work histories than men, or being more inclined to quit inside and out to look after children.
- Analyzes how the gender pay gap persists inside the white house. carnevale, anthony p., and nicole smith.
1340 wordsRead More - Women's Pay Gap Researchopinionated essayThere is no denying that a pay gap between men and women exists in the United States. Finding the reason as to why such a gap exists can prove difficult. There is a range of reasons as to why women earn less then their male co-workers. For starters, men hold most of the higher paying jobs. This could be from discrimination and men are being selected for better positions based exclusively on discrimination against their female counterparts. This does not have to be conscious discrimination but subconsciously stereotypes could be driving this gap. Another reason could be that men chase more lucrative careers. According to the Census Bureau’s 2009 American Community Survey it was concluded that within the STEM fields women only represent 24% of
In this essay, the author
- Explains that there is no denying that a pay gap exists between men and women in the united states.
- Opines that everyone should have a fair and honest chance at equal pay. gender shouldn't determine someone's pay, but pay should be based on quality of work.
- Proposes that hr should ensure that salaries are based on qualifications, rather than basing a new employee's salary on the salary of their previous job.
355 wordsRead More - Pay Gap Thesisanalytical essayIn the United States, it has commonly been assumed that the issue of gender pay gap is more a fictional problem, and that even if it does statistically exist it is all due to the fact that women are, in fact, less qualified, or they work in less paid industries. However, according to the majority of recent reports although gender pay gap in the U.S.A. have noticeably shortened in last four decades, it persists to be a substantial problem. The aim of this study is to investigate American gender wage gap issue. This research assessed the degree to which work important qualifications, such as education and experience may influence the issue of gender pay gap, it also investigated the impact of an industry and its effects, as well. The findings
In this essay, the author
- Argues that the gender pay gap in the united states is a substantial problem. the study examined the degree to which work important qualifications, such as education and experience, influence the issue.
200 wordsRead More - Unequal Payanalytical essayWithin the United States it is not an unknown issue that there is in fact a noticeable gap between the wages of pay between men and women for the same jobs and responsibilities. In the year 2015 women were typically paid 80 percent of what men were payed, creating a pay gap of 20 percent between the two. In specific terms, as defined by the Workplace Gender Equality Agency, gender pay gap is the difference between women’s and men’s average weekly full-time equivalent earning, expressed as a percentage of men’s earnings. Several issues have been brought into light by the issue of an unequal wages. Such issues as the implication that women have lesser worth than men, issues within the Equal Pay Act and the effect of unequal pay on society. In
In this essay, the author
- Explains that in the united states, there is a noticeable gender pay gap between men and women for the same jobs and responsibilities.
- Explains the carter administration's idea of equal pay for women, which took into consideration occupational sex segregation. the policy reinforcing the idea that women and men have worth in the workplace.
- Explains that the equal pay act is based off of a "complaint-based model" and that it would resolve current issues in the gender pay gap.
- Analyzes how the inequality in women's pay wages affects their ability and power to purchase goods. the lack of resources that a woman has access to is an example of gender stratification.
- Opines that the united states needs to take under careful consideration the issue of the gender pay gap.
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