The Peru government defined drug threat action during 2007. President Garcia approved however sever action against drug threats similar to Colombia. Government curbed efforts being through 2007 by the Shining Path. The Jane's Security summary reads, "In July 2007, the Garcia administration launched four separate but connected plans, designed to improve security in four regions in which the central government has historically enjoyed only tenuous control" ("Jane's Sentinel Security Assessment", 2011). The government linked to a failed administration selected drug threat action with four plans to include Plan Putumayo, Plan Costa Norte, Plan Huallaga, and Plan Valleys of the Rivers Apurímac and Ene (VARE). The President Garcia method of 2007 as second leading coca producer internationally, actions for non kinetic targeting, however using military brigade forces with low success against a recovered drug threat at VARE.
President Garcia defined regional drug threat as both Peruvian and Colombian. The Jane's security summary reads, "Despite some ambiguities in interpretation, the statistics confirm a clear trend of drug cultivation and production being displaced from Colombia and towards Peru" ("Jane's Sentinel Security Assessment", 2011). The officials method compared links of threat groups for use of brigade forces at VARE. President Garcia actions to a regional brigade force similar to Colombia. The Peru Press writes, ""Colombian model" that has managed to eliminate important members of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), the Peruvian Army Intelligence has started an in-depth restructuring of its entire organization with the purpose of focusing on the destruction of the Shining Path top leaders in t...
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...ity fights. Brigade forces stated drug threats of Shining Path and FARC. The VARE links to threat groups for a similar fight with both Peru and Columbia. The threat regrouped by doctrine of multiple levels sustain funds of drug threats. The military security defeated before by meager Shining Path. The threat regrouped doctrine of critical failures allowing for sustain funds to indigenous people and Indians.
Works Cited
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Josephs, Leslie, and Robert Kozak. "Peru Battles Thriving Drug Trade." Wall Street Journal Sep. 2009: A11. Print.
Paez, Angel. "Colombian Model Adopted To Fight Shining Path in VARE." La Republica Aug. 2011: 2. Print.
A. Attention Getter: A man 's face was found stitched on to a soccer ball, his body was found cut into 7 separate pieces in different locations with a single note that read "Happy new year because this will be your last". Headlines liked these are becoming much more common in Mexico, but who 's responsible for gruesome deaths like these? A drug war heavily lead by the Sinaloa Cartel.
Thinking historically while conducting counterinsurgency in the 21st century poses questions regarding how to develop political and strategic plans. This bibliographic essay will examine the political and military aspect of fighting counterinsurgent warfare by 20th century theorists Galula’s, “Counterinsurgency Warfare Theory and Practice” and Trinquier’s, “Counterinsurgency Warfare Theory and Practice”. Strategy in fighting guerilla wars will be discussed by comparing conflicts in battles and ideologies from the past to current day. Moreover, ways to avoid the one size fits all war mentality when combating modern day insurgents will be recommended.
Under the Bush administration, Noreiga’s orders to organize drug trafficking and support the Nicaraguan Sandinista rebels ensured ...
What has happened to the Los Zetas cartel is a good example of how the Mexican drug war is not only between the cartels and the Mexican government. The war on drugs is also between rival cartels and even between members of the same cartel. The fall of the previously mentioned Gulf cartel is not because of the actions by the Mexican government, but it is by the actions of the Los Zetas cartel, a group inside the Gulf cartel that they had trusted. Today, the Los Zetas cartel has not grew weak because of the hard work of the Mexican government. Instead, it is because of the internal split and the lust for power by the two leaders of the cartel. This may turn out to be a lucky break for the Mexican government because it is scary to think what would happen if the Los Zetas cartel continued to expand. With corrupt
Nagle, Luz Estellla. 2002. Plan Colombia: reality of the Colombian Crisis and implications for hemispheric security. Strategic Studies Institute.
To understand the Nicaragua Contra one must understand the Sandinistas, and who the Sandinistas took power from. Nicaragua has been invaded by the United States eight times starting from American adventurer William Walker’s “filibuster” of Nicaragua . Augusto César Sandino was the first revolutionary who used arm forces to drive United States out of Nicaragua . Somoza had Sandino killed and took control of Nicaragua. The Somozas and his sons oppressively ruled and amassed wealth with the support of United States. Because of the Somozas corrupt rule a rebel force would rise up which called themselves Sandinistas after Augusto César Sandino. Latin American countries urged United States to remove Somozas from power or the Sandinistas would take
At the same time, FARC continues to spread its influence through militant attacks and violent protests against the government. In August 2013, Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos ordered 50,000 soldiers into the capital city of Bogota to quell violent demonstrations by farmers and rural groups upset with government policies they claimed are negatively affecting their lives. “[T]he Santos government has accused the rebels [FARC] of infiltrating the protests in an attempt to stir unrest and force the president to make concessions at the negotiating table . . . FARC has been increasing its political dominance in swathes of rural Colombia,” ...
The book ‘Clear and Present Danger’ is a novel written by Tom Clancy in 1989 and published in 1990 by Thorndike-Magna Publisher (Beetz 824). This book has one thousand one hundred and forty pages, with the latest edition published by Berkley Books having six hundred and eighty eight pages. This novel like most of Clancy’s writings relies on a basic formula of good versus evil where the United States is represented as a nation that is on the right side (Sharp 398). In this novel, a United States ambassador and the visiting chief of the Federal Investigation Bureau are assassinated by Colombian drug lords. This assassination prompts a mystifying underground response and a series of investigations of the actions by the United States and the Colombian drug lords by Jack Ryan, the main character in the book (Clancy 524). This paper is review of this literary work by Tom Clancy.
Schirmer, Jennifer G. The Guatemalan Military Project: a Violence Called Democracy. Philadelphia (Pa.): University of Pennsylvania, 1998. Print.
.... The death of Gaitán and the Bogotazo on April 9, 1948, would later be used by historians to mark a new era of violence in Colombia called La Violencia. In the years following the Bogotazo, from 1948-1958, another 200,000 Colombians would die. More than 1000 people would die every month during the peak of the La Violencia. Many of the reasons and injustices that divided Gran Colombia in 1831 continue to cause violence in Colombia today. Daily one can read in Colombia’s newspapers report of incidents of violence in many different regions of the Colombia. Fighting between guerilla and government soldiers still take people’s lives and rob them of their hopes for a better future. Our United States State Departments still sends out travelers warnings of more potential violence in Colombia. No significant breakthroughs toward lasting peace seem likely in the near future.
Illegal drug trade in Colombia is the practice of producing and distributing narcotics domestically and around the world. As of 2012, Colombia was the world leading cocaine producer in the world (Neuman, 2012). Cocaine, marijuana and heroin along with other illegal drugs have become a big part of Colombians lifestyle and a major source of income for many people. Since the establishment of the War on Drugs in the late 20th century, European countries and United States have provided billions of dollars, logistics and military aid to the Colombia government to combat the illegal drug trade (Lilley, 2006). As of 1999, Plan Colombia has been one of the biggest movements towards Colombia’s biggest rebel group, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). The movement was implemented as Colombia supplies 80% of cocaine to American citizens (Vellinga, 2000). The US Drug Enforcement Administration estimated that Colombia’s annual profit ranges between $5-7 billion from drugs smuggled into the United States.
As unemployment and inflation strengthened poverty throughout the country, especially in the rural outskirts, in the city a new political movement, threatening the long established oligarch-military complex began to develop. When the radio began to announce that opposition’s, PDC candidate, Duarte was sweeping up votes, the radio was cut and when the transmission, the army government’s choice, Molina, was ahead. The blatant fraud encouraged liberal junior and jealous senior officers to stage a coup, attempting to place Duarte in power. After receiving help from forces in the Central American Defense Council (CONDECA), the which was formed in 1963 under the influence the United States to protect Cental America against “possible communist aggression,” and US military advisors, the senior military command put down the coup attempt. (___) The United States
... the world in coca cultivation, along with Columbia and Bolivia, and their production doubled in the 1990s (Lia, 2005). Terrorism in modern Peru has evolved from attacks by a collection of communist guerilla outfits with differing degrees of fundamentalism into utilitarian narco-terrorism, with the potential for anti-globalization violence. The evolution of terrorism in other parts of the world have taken a more fundamental turn with the rise of Global Jihadist, but Peruvians guerillas appear to have left the most extreme Maoist versions of their ideology behind. Hopefully this foretells of a much less violent future for Peru, even if there are still unresolved security problems. With the emergence of narco-terrorism, the future is more uncertain, and the trade-offs needed to separate terrorists from coca farmers are difficult to make politically and diplomatically.
A former director of the United States Drug Enforcement Agency’s Mexican office once stated:” The heroin market abhors a vacuum.” The truth in this statement can be extended to not only the heroin trade but also the trade of numerous other drugs of abuse; from cocaine to methamphetamines, the illicit drug trade has had a way of fluidity that allows insert itself into any societal weakness. Much like any traditional commodity good, illicit drugs have become not only an economy in and of themselves, they have transformed into an integral part of the legitimate global economy. Whether or not military or law enforcement action is the most prudent or expedient method of minimizing the ill-effects of the illicit drug trade is of little consequence to the understanding of the economic reality of its use in the United States ongoing “War on Drugs”. As it stands, not only has the illicit drug trade transformed itself into a self-sufficient global economy, so too has the drug-fighting trade. According to a CNN report in 2012, in the 40 years since the declaration of “The War on Drugs”, the United States Federal Government has spent approximately $1 trillion in the fight against illicit drugs. Additionally, a report in the New York Times in 1999 estimates that federal spending in the “War on Drugs” tops $19 billion a year and state and local government spending nears $16 billion a year. Given the sheer magnitude of federal, state, and local spending in the combat of the illicit drug trade, one would reasonably expect that the violence, death, and destruction that so often accompanies the epicenters of the drug economy would be expelled from the close proximity of the United States. While this expectation is completely reasonable to the ...
McDermott, Jeremy. “US Targets Colombian Rebels as War against Terrorism Escalates.” Scottsman.com. February 10, 2002.