How do you measure personality? In order to understand how to measure personality, it is important to first understand what exactly personality is. As defined by Laura King in The Science of Psychology, personality is a pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world (2017). Personality is a very complex and complicated area of psychology, so much so that many theories and perspectives have been developed in an attempt to explain it. One of the most prominent models to explain personality was developed by W.T. Norman. His Five Factor Model of Personality categorizes personality into five main dimensions known as traits, and these traits include: Openness, Conscientiousness, …show more content…
To begin, the Big-Five traits of the Five Factor Model of Personality are each unique in their own way and offer hints or clues into an individual’s personality. The Big-Five traits can be easily remembered by using the acronym O.C.E.A.N. O represents the trait openness, C represents conscientiousness, E represents extraversion, A represents agreeableness, and last, but not least, N represents neuroticism. Openness is a trait that is characterized by a multitude of positive components. For example, individuals who score high in the trait openness often tend to be imaginative, creative, intelligent, broad-minded, and curious. They are likely to be more motivated, and they enjoy pursuing diverse and new experiences. Individuals high in openness are also more likely to be proactive meaning they actively seek more challenging and complex opportunities (Choi, Colbert, & Oh, 2015). Low scorers of openness are more practical, conventional, narrow-minded, and tend to avoid new experiences. The next trait, Conscientiousness, is a trait which is characterized by more efficient elements. For instance, individuals who score high in …show more content…
One of the most diverse personalities can be found in a character from the ABC television show Once Upon a Time. This show modernizes fairy tales, and intertwines them to create a complex and interesting story, and one of the most diverse characters, in terms of personality traits, is Captain Hook. Throughout the show, Captain Hook’s personality is revealed to be much deeper and more meaningful than the children’s story Peter Pan originally portrayed. To begin, Captain Hook, or as he is informally mentioned, Hook displays a moderate level of openness meaning he is not always broad-minded and open to new experiences. Instead, Hook also displays a conventional, narrow-minded character. For example, Hook tends to dwell in the past. He hardly ever looks to the future, and when he does, he is uncertain about his place in it. In addition to being moderately open, Hook exhibits very low levels of conscientiousness. For example, when Hook’s character is first introduced on Once Upon a Time, he is bent on exacting revenge on the man who killed the woman he loved. By concentrating all of his focus and energy on revenge, he becomes impulsive and reckless. He charges into situations with very little planning and organization because he is vengeful. In contrast to being low in conscientiousness, Hook displays very high levels of extraversion. Being a pirate has a very strong
Openness - People who like to learn new things and appreciate new encounters typically score high in openness. Openness incorporates
The Big Five is the most widely accepted and used model of personality. The model consists of broad dimensions of personality traits. These dimensions are: Openness to Experience/Intellect, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism. Upon completion of the Big Five Personality test, my results were somewhat surprising to me. Overall, I scored on the low end for Openness to Experience/Intellect, Extraversion and Neuroticism dimensions and on the high end for Conscientiousness and Agreeableness dimensions.
Neuroticism boldly contrasts with the other personality traits in the Five Factor Model for personality (Openness, Agreeableness, Extraversion, Contentiousness, and Neuroticism). An individual being high in any of the other four traits could hardly be considered pathological. For example, high levels of agreeableness, within reason, would probably be considered to be a positive and healthy characteristic. However, the discussion regarding neuroticism certainly takes a darker turn. Gunthert, Cohen, and Armeli (1999) in their study, operationally define neuroticism as a predisposition to experience negative affect (negative emotional systems). Lahey (2009) defines it slightly differently, as the tendency to “respond with negative emotions to threat, frustration, or loss.” More generally, the personality trait is characterized by anxiety, angry hostility, depression, self-consciousness, impulsiveness, and vulnerability (Cervone & Pervin, 2010). Neuroticism has critical implications outside of personality psychology. Some researchers suggest that neuroticism is significantly correlated with both physical and mental health issues more so than any other personality trait variable. This increased risk is not just for a particular group of pathologies; neuroticism has been linked to Axis I and II disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) across the board (Lahey, 2009). In some occupational performance studies, negative affect was negatively related to job performance (Kaplan, Bradley, Luchman, & Haynes, 2009). This may be extrapolated to individuals high in neuroticism, as it the trait is the predisposition for the experience of negative affect. Research on daily stress and coping showed th...
five factor theory is a fairly recent proposal and has its basis in earlier work,
The purpose of this research report is to investigate the personality of Beyoncé Knowles in terms of humanistic and trait conceptions of personality.
My Big Five Personality test resulted as low in openness to experience which my score for openness was low at 60%. Openness describes a person tendency that thinks in abstract and complex ways. The high scorers associate ideas and see relationships between things. Someone who scores low tends to see more literally and focus on the practical, straightforward and concrete. People who resulted in low openness are more practical, traditional. Conventional and comfortable in familiar surroundings. People who score low are more conservative and spend their time enjoying entertainment for instances sports, movies and music. They are not interested in art and avoid high-brow cultural activities.
Personality is defined as a person's differences to another in regards to their patterns of behavior, thinking, and emotional responses (American Psychological Association). The Big Five Personality Traits are Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism, or OCEAN for short. Openness is essentially correlated to exploring new things. The people that have high levels of this trait are generally more apt to do things like try different types of food, be more creative, and have the ability to tackle challenging problems. People who are low on this trait generally have a dislike for change, tend to not enjoy trying new things, and are generally more traditional in a sense..
Personality is massive part of an individual’s identity. Our personalities dictate our patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting. An individual’s personality exposes them to predispositions and habits that influence their actions and lives. Early on, personality assessments consisted of physical features ranging from head shape and facial characteristics to body type. In today’s world, personality assessments are mainly based around traits. Traits are simply descriptions of one’s habitual patterns of behavior, thought and emotion. The most popular personality assessment is the Five-Factor Model, also known as The Big Five. This model allows us to describe people based on the five main traits/dimensions. These traits are extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience. Each of these five traits measures a different aspect of one’s personality. Extraversion is based on one’s level of engagement with the world,
Brunner explains, the Big Five personality dimensions are: 1) Neuroticism—level of stability versus instability, 2) Extraversion—tendency to be assertive, sociable, and energetic 3) Openness—disposition to be curious, open to new situations, and imaginative, 4) Agreeableness—disposition to be cooperative, supportive, trusting and 5) Conscientiousness—disposition toward purposeful, determined, and goal-directed behavior. These factors are dimensions, not types, so people vary continuously on them with most people falling in between the extremes. McRae and John claim that the Big Five is not a complete theory of personality...too few factors. Many have argued that five factors are insufficient to summarize all that we know about individual differences in
According to the findings of the Five Factor Model of personality, I have a relatively balanced score on a number of the key traits. For example, on the continuum of extroversion versus introversion, I scored moderately high in both categories, indicating that I am comfortable being around other people and also being alone. I also scored moderate on the quality of contentiousness, indicating I am always struggling between being organized and disorganized, which is also true. I scored extremely high on agreeableness, indicating that I am basically a trusting and friendly person. In general, I believe this speaks well of my mental health. But I scored high for the trait of neuroticism, which indicates that I can be emotional and insecure (i.e., I worry a great deal). I also ranked high on the trait of openness, on seeking out new experiences and being open-minded. This indicates that I am open to new ideas and enjoy creative and novel things.
A person’s personality has been the subject of psychological scrutiny for many years. Psychologists have drawn up several theories in an attempt to accurately predict and determine one’s personality. Foremost amongst these, is the “Big Five Trait Theory” which stemmed from Raymond B. Cattell’s theory.
The five-factor model includes five broad domains or dimensions of personality that are used to describe human personality. The five factors are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. While these five traits should be sufficient on their own to describe all facets of a personality, there also should be no correlation between the main factors. The Five Factor Model is now perhaps the most widely use trait theory of personality and has achieved the closest thing to a consensus in personality research. The advantage of this theory is that there have been multiple research studies conducted on this theory. Results suggest that this theory is effective in describing and determining personality. However, this theory is very categorical and does not allow for much flexibility. It also looks at the person personality at that time and now how it developed.
Personality is a branch of scientific discipline that studies temperament and its variation among people. It is a dynamic and a set of characteristics possessed by their atmosphere, cognitions, emotions, motivations and behaviours in various things. Personality conjointly refers to the pattern of thoughts, feelings, social adjustments and behaviour consistently exhibited over time that powerfully influences one’s exceptions, self-perceptions, values and attitudes. It also predicts human reactions to different folks, problems and stress.
The study of personality traits is beneficial in identifying the many variables that exist from human to human; the combinations of these variables provide us with a true level of individuality and uniqueness. In the field of psychology, trait theory is considered to be a key approach to the study of human personality (Crowne, 2007; Burton, Westen & Kowalski, 2009). This paper aims to identify a number of significant contributors who have played crucial roles in both the development and application of trait theory. This paper then moves focus to these theorists, outlining their theory and analysing both the strengths and weaknesses of those theories. An illustration of the methods used in trait measurement is given and includes the arguments both for and against such procedures. Lastly the findings of trait theory and its components described within the paper will be summarised.
The Five-Factor Model of Personality is a system used in order to describe an individual’s personality traits. By requiring said individual to answer a series of questions, this test is able to decipher the traits that are most likely evident within their life. The Five-Factor Model of Personality test gives the test subject a series of situational options. Using the subject’s responses, psychologist match the answers to the personality in which best relates. A highly accurate description of ones’ personality can be easily configured by using the Five-Factor Model of Personality by testing either high or low in the following areas; openness to experience, extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism.