The Feminist Movement in A Doll's House by Henrik Ibsen
In Henrik Ibsen's, A Doll's House, the character of Nora Helmer goes through the dramatic transformation of a kind and loving housewife, to a desperate and bewildered woman, whom will ultimately leave her husband and everything she has known. Ibsen uses both the characters of Torvald and Nora to represent the tones and beliefs of 19th century society. By doing this, Ibsen effectively creates a dramatic argument that continues to this day; that of feminism.
We are introduced in Act I with Nora returning from Christmas shopping. Ibsen utilizes this time for dramatic purposes of the Christian holidays and to show the struggle between a middle class marriage. Nora plans on having a big holiday bash, while Torvald would rather refrain since there is a rather limited cash flow. "Nora: Oh yes, Torvald, we can squander a little now...piles of money" (Ibsen 1506). Torvald follows up with, "But then it is three full months till the raise comes through" (Ibsen , 1506).
Nora at this point in the play is nothing more than a child, careless in her action and not thinking ahead of possible consequences. Nora sees nothing wrong in spending big on Christmas. Granted this is a righteous cause, since the holidays are about giving to others, but still a parent should know the limit of happiness they should bring.
At this point Torvald begins to act as "society" and unknowingly begins to use condescending terms towards Nora. "Are you scatterbrains off again?" (Ibsen 1506), "...my dear little Nora." (Ibsen 1507), (You're an odd little one" (Ibsen 1507). Torvald sees nothing wrong in these little pet names he gives Nora. He is absolutely right there is nothing wrong with pet name...
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...aged to awaken or give strength to the feminist movement.
Works Cited and Consulted
Durbach, Errol. A Doll's House: Ibsen's Myth of Transformation. Boston: Twayne, 1991.
Ibsen, Henrik. A Doll House (1879). Trans. Rolf Fjelde. Rpt. in Michael Meyer, ed. The Bedford Introduction to Literature. 5th edition.
Boston & New York: Bedford/St. Martin's Press, 1999. 1564-1612.
Longford, Elizabeth. Eminent Victorian Women. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1981.
Phelps, Elizabeth Stuart. "The Angel Over the Right Shoulder." Solomon 1: 156-64.
Solomon, Barbara H., ed. Rediscoveries: American Short Stories by Women, 1832-1916. New York: Penguin Group, 1994.
Templeton, Joan. "Is A Doll House a Feminist Text?" (1989). Rpt. In Meyer. 1635-36.
Templeton, Joan. "The Doll House Backlash: Criticism, Feminism, and Ibsen." PMLA (January 1989): 28-40.
Ibsen, Henrik. "A Doll House" The Norton Introduction to Literature. By Kelly J. Mays. Eleventh ed. New York: Norton & Company, 2013. 1447-96. Print.
In Act I, it seems evident that Nora does not understand the actual value of money but she has an infatuation with luxuries such as expensive Christmas gifts and she justifies this by buying less expensive clothes, which she has confided in Mrs. Linde, her friend. Helmer, immediately labels his wife as a “little spendthrift” (Ibsen, 660). She seems to think that money can be easily borrowed and paid back.
Feminism refers to a broad range of ideas, approaches, and ideologies directed towards advocating for gender and sex equality for women. Feminism is a movement that seek to achieve equality and social rights for women in all key areas which includes education, personal, economic, employment, and cultural sphere of human endeavors. Activists of the feminist movements have used social and political theories to campaign for women’s rights and freedom where sexuality and gender-based political thinking have created imbalances for the women in society. The feminist movements have also campaigned for the protection of girls and women from sexual harassment, rape and violence within the home.
Feminism is the advocacy of women’s rights on the basis of the equality of the sexes. In simple terms, it is the ideology of women being equal to men and it is often misinterpreted as the belief of women being above them. Feminists believe in diminishing patriarchy which is a system of society and or government in which men are considered more powerful than women. When people are against feminism they are supporting sexism which is why it is important to educate ourselves on the matter and to understand why we need it.
By understanding oppression, you understand feminism. When you question why your path is blocked with barriers that have nothing to do with individual talent or merit, handicap or failure, but by on being in the membership in some category; that is oppression. (Frye). You have to look at how the barrier fits with others and who benefits or is harmed in its work. The barrier is constructed and maintained by men, for the benefit of men. Evelyn Cunningham states “Women are the only oppressed group in our society that lives in intimate association with their oppressors” (Rawlings, 2009). Oppression in people occurs when their options are reduced to very few and all are exposed to penalty, censure or deprivation. Women have been placed in a categ...
foods and go for a more organic natural diet. This leads to our honey bees and other
The notion of difference among the sexes has been studied extensively in terms of cognition and brain activity. An MRI can back these claims, showing male and female brains 'lighting up' in different locations based upon different stimuli. Anyone with a close relationship to a child can attest to the fact that they were born with certain traits. Perhaps their nephew is very shy, while their niece has never met a stranger. In other words, some difference among individuals is innate, fundamental. This notion has been applied to studies in the animal world. Susan Allport, author of A Natural History of Parenting,, notes that "Males provide direct childcare in less than 5 percent of mammalian species, but in over 90 percent of bird species both male and female tend to their young." While researchers have focused on other species, they have been hesitant to apply this sort of lens to human families, largely because this sort of biological inherency does not directly align with the push for equality and equal rights that have been so important in recent history in the United States. Fundamentally, to state that biology creates difference in humans and that this sort of difference has the ability to manifest itself in divergent capabilities carries political and social risk for minority and oppressed groups.
A Doll?s House presents a revolutionary change for Norway in the 1880?s. During this time period women were seen as second or even third class citizens, and though numerically this is not true, a minority . Ibsen presents his character Nora as a plaything, sorely manipulated by the men in her life. As the play pro...
When the character of Nora is first introduced one of the first things we see her doing is eating macaroons, then hiding them when her husband Torvald. Her behavior in this scene possibly demonstrates a few things. First this demonstrates a lack of obedience towards her husband, Torvald, and a willingness to not do everything he tells her, which is the root of the main dilemma in this work. It also reaffirms her position as a child in this relationship. This scene is a classic example of a parent/child relationship that is often seen in real life, such as when a child steals a cookie from a cookie jar, then denies it. Nora even openly says in act two, that Torvald is almost a parental figure in her life, when she is talking to Dr. Rank. "Surely you can understand that
"Doctor, doctor, my body hurts wherever I touch it!” A young brunette exclaims. “Show me,” says the physician. The girl proceeds to poke multiple areas of her body and scream every time she does so. “Hmm,” the doctor remarks, “I think I ought to send you off to a specialist.” Wait a minute, that’s not how the joke goes, is it? Isn’t he supposed to say she’s a blonde with a broken finger? Well, in the future, the joke just might go like that. Lately, Americans and their physicians have been at odds. Citizens are focused on getting the treatment they deserve, while physicians are doing their best to provide it. Unfortunately, many people feel as though they have been shorted or neglected. The result? Medical malpractice litigations one after
Solomon, Barbara H., ed. Rediscoveries: American Short Stories by Women, 1832-1916. New York: Penguin Group, 1994.
In A Doll's House, Henrik Ibsen criticizes the patriarchal society he lives in by using a fictional woman, Nora, to show women oppression. She begins to feel constrained by her husband, so much so that she feels the need to mask her true identity and deceive him. She feels that deceit is her only way out from the social constraints.
“A Doll House” by Ibsen exposes one of the main trials facing Nora and women of today that a lot of men tend to underestimate women. They assume that
Feminism, what is it and how did it developed? Feminism is a women's right movement and it’s goal may differ by era it is found but one continuity is to seek equality for women after a certain perceived. Thus it certainly did not developed overnight nor did it stayed the same throughout the ages. Feminism empowers women against oppressive sexism but what is the definition of the word “women”? Some define the word “women” by sex while others define ‘women” by gender. Sex and gender may seem similar yet they are different which can exclude some people if the only one of those definition is used. Sex is the physical and biological aspect that differentiate men and women by reproductive organ shape while gender is a social construction that assign feminine roles to women and masculine role to men. If you define women by sex you exclude male to female transgendered people and infertile women while if you used gender to define women you exclude “masculine” women. In reality the definition of women is most likely inclusive of both sex or gender as it includes those that are biologically women (but may not conform to the gender role) or gender (which includes those who self identify as female). For such a simple term it requires a bit of thinking and by answering who is a women we also get the answer of who benefits from feminism.
Ibsen desires to challenge assumptions as well as rules of Norwegian life, and most importantly wants to depict society accurately, as he meticulously incorporates everyday life. Therefore, A Doll House represents a realistic drama due to the issues involving women, illnesses, and laws within the play, while conveying Ibsen’s desire for controversy and change in Norway’s society. A common woman in Norway, such as Nora, experiences a daily life of oppression, fear, and unjust authority, which exposes societal mistreatment. Society and Torvald Helmer force Nora to look pretty and happy, although “she laughs softly at herself while taking off her street things. Drawing a bag of macaroons from her pocket, she eats a couple, then steals over and listens at her husband’s door” (Ibsen I. 43), which portrays oppression.