Ever since the beginning and the development of human race, mankind has known the value of identity and individuality. The quest for identity and the fear of losing it has been most prominent factor in most of the historic wars and fights. All the wars, intrusions and slavery have been the result of man’s desire of establishing his superiority over others and making his name known to more number of people. For accomplishing this desire, mankind has migrated, emigrated, immigrated and even intruded various foreign places, hence increasing the reasons for disturbances and the countries like India, which are the land of religious and cultural diversity, became more prone to the problem of communal and religious disturbances. This land has witnessed many riots and uproars at the name of religion and identity, the largest, renowned and major cause of riot has been “Mountbatten’s Plan of Partition- 1947”. The chaos and the confusion of the times have been represented by many authors. Many pens have scribbled the pain of their holding hands and minds on the piece of paper. Punjab, being most affected by the partition, made the authors of partition, out of them Sadat Hasan Manto is one name to be underlined. He brings alive the most traumatic episode in the history of the subcontinent, he brings into light the confusions prevailing at the time of separation. His many stories are partition oriented however, this paper analyse Toba Tek Singh for understanding the fear of lost identities at the time of forced mobility. Keywords: Partition, identity, dilemma, mobility, migration, desire. Introduction: Migration has been the part of human history since time immemorial. Humans have been migrating from their native and known lands to alie... ... middle of paper ... ...viding one nation into two. If it was actually a problem of common man to have a separate nation then there would have not been even a drop of tear shed at that time. People lost their houses, lives, respects, possessions, properties and the identity, the one who gained was the political powers Works Cited 1. Sadat Hasan Manto. “Toba Tek Singh”. Selected Stories.Trans. Khalid Hasan. Penguin Books: London.2007.9-17. 2. Weinreich, P and Saunderson, W. (Eds) (2003). "Analysing Identity: Cross-Cultural, Societal and Clinical Contexts." London: Routledge. 3. Weinreich, P. (1986a). The operationalisation of identity theory in racial and ethnic relations, in J.Rex and D.Mason (Eds). "Theories of Race and Ethnic Relations". Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4. Spear, Percival. 1958. "Britain's Transfer of Power in India." Pacific Affairs, 31(2):173–180.
Identity, in general, is the way people are molded through the experiences of one’s life. The text Rule of the Bone by Russell Banks portrays the validity of the quote by Bernice Johnson Region “Life’s challenges are not supposed to paralyze you, they’re supposed to help you discover who you are”. Aspects of one’s life is determined by multiple influential factors, that may result in positive or even negative effects such as family, cultural/social expectations, class structure and social inequality, and race.
Identity is a group of characteristics, data or information that belongs exactly to one person or a group of people and that make it possible to establish differences between them. The consciousness that people have about themselves is part of their identity as well as what makes them unique. According to psychologists, identity is a consistent definition of one’s self as a unique individual, in terms of role, attitudes, beliefs and aspirations. Identity tries to define who people are, what they are, where they go or what they want to be or to do. Identity could depend on self-knowledge, self-esteem, or the ability of individuals to achieve their goals. Through self-analysis people can define who they are and who the people around them are. The most interesting point about identity is that some people know what they want and who they are, while it takes forever for others to figure out the factors mentioned before. Many of the individuals analyzed in this essay are confused about the different possible roles or positions they can adopt, and that’s exactly the reason they look for some professional help.
Seeing through a multicultural perspective. Identities, 19(4), 398. doi:10.1080/1070289X.2012.718714. Steven, D. K. (2014). The 'Secondary'.
Gregory, James N.. "Second Great Migration: Historical Overview." UW Faculty Web Server. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Sept. 2011. .
Throughout the human history, there is a movement of peoples from one place to another. Migrations can be voluntary or involuntary because some migrations are done willingly, while others are done under coercion. Migrations intend to settle temporally or permanently in a new location depending on their circumstances. This paper will determine the explanation of migrations in the medieval period based on the activities of three different civilizations. It will examine the main potential reasons why there were movements of people from one place to another during the medieval times. Also, analyze what are the effects and outcome of these migrations. Furthermore, it will argue that physical forces factors such as economic, social, political and
Tajifel, H. a. (1986). The social identity theory of inter-group behavior. Psychology of Intergroup Relations. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/258189
The journey from a few cave people to seven billion humans on this planet has been characterized by the physical movement of Homo sapiens from one place to another, sometimes over thousands of miles, either individually, or in the form of flocks, both voluntarily as well as involuntarily. This act of leaving ones’ ground and moving to another land with a motive is known as migration. The motive can be anything such as bett...
· Dashefsky, A. (Eds.). (1976). Ethnic identity in society. Chicago: Rand McNally College Publishing Co. Smith, E.J. (1991). Ethnic identity development: Toward the development of a theory within the context of majority/minority status. Journal of Counseling and Development, 70, 181-187.
The view of identity seems to be defined by facial features and social constructed views. Depending on the recent look of someone it may just be more then just color but also background. In this essay I will explain how I relate to some recent views based on philosophers I may agree and disagree with in order to describe my identity. Identity is much more then just being labeled as a race, it can be based on much more.
The past saw identity boundaries being stringently controlled by hegemonic discourse. Laws and social conventions aimed at controlling the “other” were common place. Racial, ethnic, and religious...
This essay will be looking to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the social identity theory with studies to support.
“Migration uproots people from their families and their communities and from their conventional ways of understanding the world. They enter a new terrain filled with new people, new images, new lifeways, and new experiences. They return … and act as agents of change.” (Grimes 1998: 66)
Identity is a person’s socially and historically constructed concept. We learn and determine our own identity through the interactions of family, peers, media and also other connections that we have encounter in our life. Gender, social class, age and experience of the world are the key concepts which plays a substantial role in shaping how we are by facing obstacles in our lives. According to Mead (1934) as cited in Thulin, Miller, Secher, and Colson (2009), identity theory determines
Migration and settlement are two key elements to the evolution of the humankind. They are connected, yet separate because they simultaneously work to evolve the human race while accomplishing different goals. Therefore, the values of both migration and settlement lie in different corners of evolution of humankind. Due to the fact that the value of migration lies in only the physical transfer of people, culture and ideas while the value of settlement lies in the actual assimilation of people, culture, and ideas, settlement bears a slightly larger value in the advancement of humankind.
...shown through Lenny’s point of view. Prior the partition, Lahore was a place of tolerance that enjoyed a secular state. Tension before the partition suggested the division of India was imminent, and that this would result in a religious. 1947 is a year marked by human convulsion, as 1 million people are reported dead because of the partition. Moreover, the children of Lahore elucidate the silences Butalia seeks in her novel. The silence of survivors is rooted to the nature of the partition itself; there is no clear distinction as to who were the antagonists. The distinction is ambiguous, the victims were Sikhs, Hindus, and Muslims, and moreover these groups were the aggressors, the violent. The minority in this communal violence amongst these groups was the one out-numbered. This epiphany of blame is embarked in silence, and roots from the embodiment of violence.