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I. The Export Transaction and its Documents
The Transaction
Finding a market for the goods (market research)
Selecting the marketing channels
Negotiations
Pricing
Distribution channels
Order
Contract
Commercial Invoice
Commercial Invoice must include (minimum):
Payment Terms
Mode of Payment
Division of Costs
Details of Carrier
Details of Receiving Party
Details of Buyer
Other Details
For best results use the ECE (Economic Commission for Europe) Standard Commercial Invoice
Packing List must include (minimum):
Contents of the Packaging (=of the shipment)
If more than one package or outer and inner packing – all contents per each packing and per each package must be detailed separately
Permits and Licenses
Export licenses if needed
Standards certificates
Labeling
Quality control certificates (highest is ISO, such as ISO-9002 or ISO-9000)
Health and phytosanitary certificates
Veterinary certificates
Other permits, licenses and certificates
Service Providers
Marine Transport
Air Transport
Land Transport (lorry, train)
Insurance
Warehousing
Banking and other Financial Services (factoring, forfeiting, etc.)
Airway Bill of Lading (ABL)
(More details later – see appendices for samples)
Holder of ABL does not own goods
Air Transport Contract not effected – but ABL proof of existence of such contract, including weight, measurements, number of packages and invoice.
Marine Bill of Lading (MBL)
Proof of receipt of goods in a certain condition
Proof of existence of transport contract
MBL facilitates the transfer of ownership
Negotiable, transferable and assignable
Subject to the Hague conditions and MUST INCLUDE:
Name and address of sender
Port of loading and Port of discharge
Date of lading and place of issuance of bill of lading
Name of vessel and number of voyage
Identity marks of cargo
Description of goods – number of packing units, weight, volume
Condition of goods – statement of carrier (if not stated – the goods are in good condition)
“Clean on Board” not “Foul”
Types of Bills of Lading (BL)
Shipped BL – Goods are on deck of ship
Received for Shipment – Prior to loading onto ship
Direct BL – From origin to destination, transshipment not allowed
Ocean Through BL – In case of transit involving a few carriers. In such a case, each carrier imposes its own conditions on each leg of the voyage and for the limited duration it handles the cargo.
Pure Through BL – First carrier must transport from port of loading to a mid-point and is responsible for damages to the goods.
You have the container that protects and houses the product, the outer packaging and the shipping container, also known as the master carton. Your product packaging should consist of:
The packaging aspect involves gathering the communication materials, combining them into one package, and distribution. The materials can be used by employees to answer some basic questions they may have. If their questions can not be answered, they are encouraged to contact the human resource department (of Capital) or Arbor.
...tbound Logistics: The outbound logistics include the movement of the finished goods from the manufacture to the retail stores or a warehousing facility for later use.
The most important stage of the value chain is inbound logistics, because they have the chance to build value in advance. Thus, the factors of this phase are considered to be upward action. In this case, logistics task including the goods received from suppliers cargo storage, loading and unloading and the inside of the transport of goods, and lay the product on the shelf. Tesco is trying to retain consumer choice, at the levels of the store, at the same time increase the efficiency of its distribution system. For damaged goods and products quality control program of the application, it provides less unfairly assume cost, company a great opportunity, therefore, to prevent these costs on to consumers by to potentially add value for the company.
"A Dollar a Day" is a documentary that shows and discusses what it means to live in poverty . The theme or the main idea of "A dollar a day" is how people who do live in poverty get jobs and meet their basic needs, and how the people in this documentary show that even though they are poor, lack education ,healthcare and can’t make ends meet still strive to aquire thier basic needs with perseverance and alot of effort. Many people live in poverty and "A dollar a day" shows how some people who are poor make thier lives better while others aspire to reform the government and get better pay.The film "A Dollar a Day" is a good documentary that shows how people live in poverty .what is the cause of poverty and how we can fix the problem. This documentary shows us how people live in poverty and how they are not so different from us the middle class because we all share the same dream to have a job, a decent house and just live comfortably people like Wayne Petterson and Li-Jieli aspire to live like us.
The North American transport system is run by several different agencies, each one having its own important part in making it all run smoothly and efficiently . There are also several policies that have been put in place to keep the transportation system working for the good of everyone. The agencies involved keep very good records of all the types of transportation that make up the system, which makes it easy for anyone to be able to see all the different statistics associated with the system. The Freight broker business is another important part of the transportation system, the following paragraphs will tell how all these things work together.
Parcel Service, Inc. (UPS), the only U.S. all-cargo carriers then permitted to serve the vast
Container shipping industry is kind of international trade and destined restricted by los of regulation, such as ocean environment law, nation’s imports & exports law.
Despite the importance of globalization, the international intermodal transport systems have seen increased scrutiny to support new freight, volume, and distance regulations when freight moves. The technological improvements continue to permit larger quantities of freight to be moved more efficiently. The intermodal transport systems are crucial to further globalization. However, the transport systems themselves are not necessarily the grounds for greater international trade. Therefore, international trade necessitates dissemination groundwork that can secure the trade between numerous partners. The governing regulations within the international trade agreements substantiate trade measure accomplishments. These factors promote efficiencies or inefficiencies of the transportation groundwork. Furthermore, the transport systems infrastructure encourages or can impede the possibilities of international trade.
Intermodal containers have become a major component of our transportation system. These containers are basically giant steel boxes used for transporting goods globally in a secure and efficient manner. Containers come in a variety of different forms and sizes; depending on the product that is being shipped. The intermodal aspect of these containers, means they are being shipped using 2 or more modes of transportation.
...ked, the port customs team will be required to inspect the shortfall. An automated system would track the status (checked/unchecked) from beginning to end. At the port of embarkation a US customs team will work in conjunction with local customs officials to ensure the accuracy of the program.
The freight rate is the price of the carrier that pays by the charterer or ship owner. Freight rate is compulsory and it is measures by the value of goods, point of destination and the travel distance due to land, air or ocean. Freight rate also include with the custom clearance process. It is demanded by the fluctuation of supply and demand, the bargaining power of shipper, the competitors with other logistic company and the availability or alternative of transport modes (lorry, train and ship) (The Challenges Facing The Maritime Transport Industry,
Preceding from this understanding and being a logistics staff officer, my carrier is full of logistics proble...
The peculiarity arising under agreement for consecutive voyages are those of voyage charters but the time factor causes certain structural differences, for example, with respect to costs and income. Often, these contracts will contain, for example, bunker clauses or other clauses concerning cost variations.