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history of bank of america
The new Bank of the United States created in 1816: flashcards
history of bank of america
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The Bank of the United States
A national bank is an essential part of this nation's economy! It can further strengthen the ties between rich Americans and the federal government.1 It has stabilized this nation's economy, united the country, and improved trade between the colonies.
As you already know, Alexander Hamilton became the first Secretary of the Treasury in 1789. On December 14,1790, he formally proposed his plan for the Bank of the United States. The federal government would own 1/5 of the bank's stock. In addition, the bank would offer a national paper currency, Even though Republicans did not welcome the idea of a national bank, it was chartered in 1791.
First and foremost, this nation's debts need to be paid off. The greatest debt is that from the Revolutionary War. Then, in addition to the war debt, there are the debts from each of the colonies, which range from vary large amounts to almost nothing at all. The best way to pay these off in a timely manner is with a national bank regulating payments.
Before the Bank of the United States, each colony had their own different form of currency. This made trade between the colonies difficult. The bank has changed this: now each colony uses the same form of currency. This has greatly facilitated trade between the colonies and thus improved the economy.
In addition to improving trade and the economy, the bank has united the colonies. Before, when each one had a different form of currency, the colonies seemed more like small, neighboring countries than part of one large country.
The bank's stock options are also a great asset. The government could make a huge profit on its share of the bank at any time should it decide to sell. There are also investors, either in foreign countries or here in this country, who may see the bank's stocks as a good investment. Even Thomas Jefferson, one of the bank's opponents, thought of these stocks as a good investment-he suggested to one of his friends in France the bank's stocks.
In addition to the points I have already brought up about the Bank of the United States there is also the fact that that it provides a safe place for public funds to be kept. Also it provides for a comfortable environment where commercial transactions can take place.
69. The Bank proved to be very unpopular among western land speculators and farmers, especially after the Panic of 1819 because it was one of the major contributors to inflation. It held federal tax receipts and regulated the amount of money circulating in the economy. Some people felt that that the Bank, and its particular president, had too much power to restrict the potentially profitable business dealings of smaller banks.
In addition to the powerful coordination the Bank possessed, it influenced interest rates for loans to the working class and the rate of inflation in the nation. Because of the use of various bank notes, variegating from bank to bank due to the lack of national currency and mixture of specie, people trusted that each bank would be able to “cash in” their bank note for specie. This did not always hold true, but the Second Bank of the United States was the most trusted of the banks to supply specie in exchange for their bank notes. Because of this most people, in order to protect themselves from losing money, would exchange state bank notes for notes issued by the Second Bank. However, this meant that the Second Bank could threaten the state banks by demanding more gold, which might cause for their bankruptcy. As a result, the state banks were pressured into not being able to over issue their bank notes, which inevitably decreased their importance and power in the nation by decreasing the circulation of their bank notes. This was the greatest argument posed by the leaders of the state banks against the Second Bank of the United States (Roughshod 2).
With George Washington is agreeing with the plan to build the bank with Alexander Hamilton, they had to decide where it was going to be built. Alexander Hamilton and George Washington decide to place the National Bank in Philadelphia. This provided three hundred plus jobs and more tax collector offices. After Alexander Hamilton and George Washington agreed on Philadelphia they had to decide how the system of the bank was going to work. The bank was going to be used for loans, accepting deposits, issuing banknotes and purchasing securities. Five out of the twenty five were picked by the United States and the twenty others were picked by the private investors. The bank had to have investors to provide loans to consumers to make a profit on the fees and
The National Bank created a standarad form of currency and helped pay off the revolutionary war debt. In 1816, there was a second twenty year charter. It was founded during the administration of U.S. President James Madison to stabilize currency. The estblaishment of a national bank led improvements in transportation because now roads could be paid for. These Improvements in Transportations were good for communication around the nation, which helped send messages faster. In 1818, the national road started the growing road systems that tied the new west to the old east. The Erie Canal was built in New York and runs from the Hudson River to Lake Erie, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean.
Andrew Jackson didn’t like the bank, he thought it was evil. In his mind he saw that the bank only helped the wealthy people. The president of the 2nd bank was Nicholas Biddle. He always challenged Jackson’s investigations of the bank. Andrew Jackson takes $ and puts it in state banks. The Inflation leads to the Panic of 1837.
The federalist versus anti-federalist opposition to begin the political differences. Federalists were a group of people who pushed for a strong central government and weak state governments, while anti-federalists were a group of people who pushed for power in the states and not the central government. Hamilton, a Federalist, was a firm believer in the construction of a strong central government and a broad interpretation of the Constitution. A broad interpretation of the Constitution meant more government control of the people. Hamilton believed that if a government were to operate efficiently, it would have to be conducted by the educated. Although at the time period, being educated was an expectation for only white men and a limitation for men of color and women. Through Hamilton’s position as being the Secretary of the Treasury, he was able to propose the idea of a national bank. His proposition of the bank was to serve as a way to help America back onto its feet after the Revolutionary War.The bank would regulate currency, help control the American currency, and prevent any singular group from having the most power. According to the Necessary and Proper Clause located in article 1, section 8, clause 18 of the United States Constitution, Hamilton believed the government had the implied powers to use it in order to help and protect the American people.Not only would the bank
old war debts and the worthless paper money left over from the days of the
In 1913, Wilson and Congress passed the Federal Reserve Act to make a decentralized national bank containing twelve local offices. By and large, all the private banks in every district possessed and worked that separate area's branch. In any case, the new Federal Reserve Board had the last say in choices influencing all branches, including setting financing costs and issuing money. This new managing an account framework settled national funds and credit and helped the monetary framework survive two world wars and the Great
Going hand in hand with his detestation of large, extremely controlling national governments, Jefferson was intent on having no national bank present in the US, but Hamilton was certain the country would benefit from one. For example, in a personal letter written by Alexander Hamilton, he wrote, “Mr. Madison, co-operating with Mr. Jefferson, is at the head of a faction, decidedly hostile to me, and my administration; and actuated by views... subversive of the principals of good government, and dangerous to the Union... Mr. Jefferson... [displays] his dislike of... funding [the] debt.” (Doc 2) Hamilton implied that by not advocating a national bank, Jefferson did not want to help the country pay off its debt. Jefferson, however, was dead set against having a national bank because he wanted the common people, such as the farmers, to have maximum influence on the government. This way, a strong central government could not have supreme political, economic, and social power, all of which together would open the doors for future corruption, even if the government was set up in the manner directed in the Constitution. Jefferson defended this judgement to the extent that he formed a political party so it could develop into a well-supported suggestion. Thus, the perspective on national banks could more efficiently progress into the point where it impacted the whole country and prevented the formation of a national bank. Equally, the excise tax proposed by Alexander Hamilton and carried out by Congress, factored in on Hamilton and Jefferson’s feud on having a national bank. In a letter written by Thomas Jefferson, he manifested his reaction to the excise tax by commenting, “The excise tax is an infernal one... [the public’s]
One such issue was that of the National debt and creating a National Bank. In 1790, Alexander Hamilton proposed that Congress should establish a national bank, in which private investors could buy stock, could print paper money, and keep government finances safe. Washington signed the bill establishing a national bank and started a strong foundation for a thriving economy and a stable currency.
A battle between the Federalists and the Anti-federalists erupted over the establishment of a national bank. Since the recently adapted Constitution gave the government the power to lay and collect taxes and create a national trade policy, Alexander Hamilton’s opinion on the Constitutionality of an Act to Establish a Bank was that the bank would allow the government a means to regulate trade with foreign countries and act as a depository for taxes. Opponents argued that the constitution did not give the government the power to establish a bank and that it was, therefore, unconstitutional. Hamilton contended that since it was not specifically prohibited by the constitution, that the establishment of a ba...
After the first War for Independence, The United States was approximately $52 million in debt. Due to having such bad financial problems, the United States created a national Bank to create one unified currency, to take away all state debts, and to issue loans to the people to promote growth. This National Bank was created by Alexander Hamilton who was a Federalist, and once Jefferson came to be the President, he continued the idea of the national bank because it was helping to reduce the national debt. The primary reason for the National Bank being a representation of a Federalist idea was because since it was issuing loans to people it was able to promote industrial growth which was one of the main goals of the Federalist party. From Jefferson continuing the use of the National Bank thru his presidency he demonstrates his need to continue a loose constructionist idea.
Jackson felt that the national bank only favored the poor and not the “common man” so he decided that he would destroy it. However, Alexander Hamilton, the first Secretary of the State believed that a strong national bank was vital for a strong nation and economy. When Jackson vetoed the recharter of the Second Bank of the United States, he opposed Hamilton's ideology of a strong national bank. Document 5 shows an illustration of Jackson taking down the national bank even though a strong national bank
The Bank of the United States was an idea proposed by Alexander Hamilton. This bank would be used to create a unified currency, handle the government treasury, pay off federal debts, and give out loans to businesses that would stimulate commerce in the country. Overall, the bank would stabilize America’s problem with its finances. This idea was opposed by the Anti-Federalists because they believed the bank would only give loans to the wealthy and be of no benefit to the common man. The Federalists saw this proposal as a great way to improve economy and establish good credit with other countries. Also, the money given out in loans would trickle down as savings for all people and in reality, would end up benefiting everyone. I would agree with the Federalist decision to create a bank due to the improvements it would bring to America.
The issue of whether or not America should have a National Bank is one that is debated throughout the whole beginning stages of the modern United States governmental system. In the 1830-1840’s two major differences in opinion over the National Bank can be seen by the Jacksonian Democrats and the Whig parties. The Jacksonian Democrats did not want a National Bank for many reasons. One main reason was the distrust in banks instilled in Andrew Jackson because his land was taken away. Another reason is that the creation of a National Bank would make it more powerful than...