Comfort Women were women forced into prostitution corps, created by Japan during the WWII. Till today, the brutality of this wrong-doing remains unacknowledged by the Japanese authorities. “Comfort Women” was a more pleasant translation of prostitutes. Due to the lack of adm...
...direct assistance of a male. In Japan’s Comfort Women, the “weakness” of women is seen again. Rape and sexual trade became a power play by individual men all the way up to the highest levels of government. But it was also a story of strength and courage on the part of victimized women. The Pacific War changed many things in Japan and the evolution of those institutions of Japanese society happened rapidly. The changes, however drastic, however gruesome, however sorrowful, were what shaped the history and future of Japan.
...the many accomplishments of women display the spectrum of their capabilities, society’s idealized view of them is too ingrained to change overnight. To this day women are too often seen as inferior objects that more sentient beings (men) must protect the purity of by any means necessary. In the military this was achieved in a wider range by officers who strictly limited the actions women took and the information they received. On a more intimate, but equally controlling level, female soldiers used homophobia and secrecy to gain freedom. Just as the women of today continue to do, women of the World War II era were born into and perpetuated a cruel and controlling world.
Traditionalist ideals such as women “following three men” – father, husband, and son – throughout their lives, or the sentiment of incompetence regarding women strongly prevailed in Japanese society until as recently as 1945. Furthermore, at the core of the beliefs of traditionalist Confucianism, which still remains today, is the idea of the family unit being the backbone of the nation. Both men and women place a strong value on this and see it as a foundational tenet on which the future of Japan depends on. The family “is seen as the product of the wife’s investment of her adult life in her husband and children”. While from the western eye, the role of the female in this ideology may seem inherently patriarchal. However, in Japan this is viewed as a big and almost respected role to fulfill – namely the role of managing and producing a household for the nation. Nonetheless, it cannot be denied that such notions do further reinforce the traditional hegemonic, gender ideals. While change is possible, the relatively late legal reforms in gender equality, and the fear in resisting the “system” of women producing stable households, lies at the heart of Japan’s social lag in gender egalitarianism, providing an added complexity to the issue that was not seen in the scenario of the
... 2005). Parents and other children in the farming households spent these remittances on new motorcycles, video players, modern cement houses, and other materialistic products that projected higher wealth status (Muecke 1992, Wawer et al. 1996). It was common to associate new, large, and elegant houses as the byproducts of financial contribution from the daughters who were commercial sex workers in Japan. These daughters could return to live in the villages with little stigma, considering their fancy houses stood in sharp contrast against the dilapidated wooden stilt houses of their next-door neighbors (Peracca, Knodel & Saengtienchai, 1998). Some forms of hazardous labor like commercial sex work were tolerated by some parents and daughters, rich or poor, to be acceptable choices that allow generation of wealth, and improvement of class status within the villages.
This book depicts how Japanese behaved both before and after the World War II. In this book, it describes how Japanese military slaves (a.k.a. comfort women) was made, what motivated Japan to do these abuses.
Other research has devoted to unveiling the origins and the development of their stereotyping and put them among the historical contextual frameworks (e.g., Kawai, 2003, 2005; Prasso, 2005). Research has shown that those stereotypes are not all without merits. The China doll/geisha girl stereotype, to some degree, presents us with a romanticized woman who embodies many feminine characteristics that are/ were valued and praised. The evolving stereotype of the Asian martial arts mistress features women power, which might have the potentials to free women from the gendered binary of proper femininity and masculinity. Nevertheless, the Western media cultural industry adopts several gender and race policing strategies so as to preserve patriarchy and White supremacy, obscuring the Asian women and diminishing the positive associations those images can possibly imply. The following section critically analyzes two cases, The Memoirs of a Geisha and Nikita, that I consider to typify the stereotypical depictions of Asian women as either the submissive, feminine geisha girl or as a powerful yet threatening martial arts lady. I also seek to examine
By 1938 Japan had invaded much of China and had taken over Nanking killing more than 42,000 civilians. The Chinese government never surrendered completely, and the war continued on a lower scale until 1945. During World War II, the Japanese military forced women from various different countries to work as comfort women to the Japanese soldiers. Trafficking in women is a form of sexual slavery in which women are transported across national borders and sold for prostitution, sex tourism, or migrant workers. Women were kidnapped or brought over under false pretenses thinking that they were being given jobs. The comfort women of the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II are an extreme case of this institutionalized sexual violence against women. Through research and testimonies from comfort women survivors during World War II and former Japanese veterans, I attempt to show the ways that this has affected the intersection of colonial power, gender and class. I argue that the development of gender contributes to the construction of Japanese colonialism and the system of comfort women helped Japan as an imperial state gain power. The ideas of masculinity and femininity is what helped the maintenance of the Japanese military system and comfort stations made an impact in which Japan expanded its colonies by military means.
...e” talks about the sad reality of being classified in the mixed race of Japanese and Caucasian. Those who fall under this category habitually encounter discrimination and unjust treatment from society. They are alienated from the community because they are said to look and act abnormal. It is arguable that Japanese women tend to submit to others due to the lack of lawful protection. Furthermore, they lack the care and love of others. Thus, it is easier to abide by the rules than to resist. The description of the “half breed” claim that the half Japanese, half European falls into one extreme or the other, either cynics or geniuses. If this binary opposition applies to all, it would be fair to assume that they are either very obedience or very heartless. For the most part, the majority of the Japanese women find it easier to get through the hardship of life in general.
World War II was the largest and most violent armed conflict in the history of mankind.
Yes, the film overall sounds very one sided. The portrayal of Asian women and American men does not accurately portray Asian women and American men overall, rather it is biased and tends to associate Asian women as diseases ridden while claiming that American men are innocent and naïve. The creators of the film only show what they want the public to believe happens when both sides held partial responsibility for the rise of disease in the military. It is quite silly because they U.S military was trying so hard to keep their troops away from sexual behavior to decrease the sexually transmitted diseases, however, at the end of the day it seems like the American soldiers where just going to do whatever they wanted whether they were
It is strange to think that even today gender plays a major role in the treatment human beings. In countries across the world households are ran by men, treating their women as property with an associative value attached. Where one country it might be socially acceptable to communicate privately with a member of the opposite sex, hold hands, and even look deeply into their eyes, in another country you have brought about great shame. In reference to Japan, the traditional home is ran by a male figure, with the female members running the household, destined to marry and produce heirs (Kincaid, C., 2014). At one point in time in Japan, females did not have parental rights, the ability to vote, or even own property (Kincaid, C., 2014). As time went on, the adoption of basic human rights for the females of Japan came into existence. It is still reasonably noticeable that women receive different treatment in the country of Japan, but that is just part of their current culture. Being able to recognize and respect the different practices that are common around the world, especially in regards to the women of different cultures, will ensure that misinterpretations of meaning do not
Although comfort women are typically discussed within the context of World War II, the Japanese had begun their usage prior to the war during 1932, but it didn’t reach it’s full scale until WWII. The first ‘formal’ comfort station, the ‘Dayi Saloon’ was established in Shanghai, China in 1932. The Dayi had inhabited multiple two story buildings. It originally contained mainly Japanese comfort women., but in the late 1930s as the war was picking up Korean comfort women were taken there. As the war expanded, comfort stations were established wherever troops were stationed (Qiu). Comfort stations were located throughout Japan and it’s occupied territories, which included China, Korea, Philippines, Indonesia and Burma. There were two types of comfort