The Expedition of Khyber Introduction: The expedition of Khyber was set out by the Prophet Muhammad towards the end of the month of Muharram 7 AH. He set out of Medina for Khyber at the head of a small force of about one thousand four hundred poorly armed soldiers and a troop of two hundred horses between them. The Prophet allowed to come only those who had pledged allegiance to him under the tree. Allah Refers to them in the Quran and says: “Allah was well pleased with the believers when they were pledging allegiance to you under the tree, and He knew what was in their hearts, so He sent down Tranquility upon them, and rewarded them with a near victory and many spoils to take; and Allah is ever Mighty, Wise. (48: 18-19)” Also with them, Twenty women accompanied the army in order to care for the sick and wounded and to prepare food and supply water during the fighting. Causes Of The Expedition: As, the Prophet had signed the treaty of Hudaybiyah with the Quraysh, he was not worried about the attack. He wanted now to teach the Jews of Khyber a lesson they wont forget because they were continuously intriguing against the Muslims and trying to destroy them. Their last try was at the battle of the Trench when they stirred their allies of Ghatafan to side with them against the Muslims, even thought they didn’t fight at the battle, they still had an important hand in lighting it up. So the Prophet decided to put an end to all their tries and go to Khyber and bring it down. Khyber is destroyed: On the way, the Messenger of Allah called for food but only some dried up barley was brought. He asked for it to be moistened, then he and all those who accompanied him ate it. When he was approaching Khyber, the Messenger of Allah prayed for the benefits that would come from
Inuit Odyssey, by CBC’s: The Nature of Things covers the long and eventful journey of the Inuit people. Canadian anthropologist, Dr. Niobe Thompson searched for the answers to questions about who the modern day Inuit are, where did they come from, how did they survive and who did they conquer along the way? Thompson explored the direct lineage between modern day Inuit and the Thule people, and their interactions with the Dorset and Norse Vikings in their search for iron. Thompson is ultimately concerned with how the current warming climate will affect the Inuit people therefore, he decides to retrace the creation of the Inuit culture, starting his journey in the original homeland of the Thule people.
First of all, in chapter five, Atiq went to the mosque for the Isha Prayer. Then, he left and wandered around the city. Unknowingly, he arrived at the jailhouse. He decided to spend the night there. So, he lit up the lamp and lied down. Suddenly, he got scared to see Nazeesh behind him. As you can see, Atiq met Nazeesh a decade ago, when he was a mufti in Kabul. Then, Nazeesh told the sad story of his old father. He also told him that he wanted to die by walking into the ocean. He was describing the way of his coming death for a long time. Furthermore, after the discussion on his old father and his plan of death, he left that place. After that, Atiq also headed towards his home again. On the way, he started to think about his wife and whether she was continuing her role of sacrificial victim. Finally, he decided to stop her from doing any kinds of works and to treat her much more gently and nicely.
The Mongols, or as the Western Europeans called them, the Tartars, were a nomadic, militant people that dominated the battlefield during the pre-industrial time period (“Tartars” 7). Over the span of the 13th century, from the Central Asian steppes in the east to the Arabian lands to the west, the Tartars subdued the unfortunate inhabitants and expanded their empire vastly. To the fear and dismay of the Western Europeans, the Tartars desired to triumph over all of Eurasia; therefore, the Western Europeans were to be conquered next. News of the imminent Tartarian attack rapidly spread through West Europe like a wildfire, and the powerful Holy Roman Church contended to prepare a strategy against the onslaught. In the year 1245, Pope Innocent IV, the head of the Church at the time, sent a group of Friars led by Giovanni da Pian del Carpini to gather some knowledge about the Tartars. It was a dreaded mission, one that would probably end in a terrible death, since the Tartars were a cruel people towards outsiders. Nevertheless, Carpini valiantly ventured into the unknown darkness, and returned to his homeland with valuable information about the Tartars. Through the insight he gained during his travels, he wrote his account of the Tartars in a report called the “Historia Mongalorum” (“Tartars” 19), which is known today as “The Story of the Mongols Whom We Call the Tartars”.
Rituals are held as a very important part of any society, including ours. They go back to ancient times or can be as simple as maintaining one’s hygiene. Non-western societies have rituals that may seem very foreign to us, but they have been engrained in their communities and are essential to their social structure. This interpretation will focus on the Great Pilgrimage, a ritual performed by Quechuan communities. We will be looking specifically at a community in the area of Sonqo.
American history is accompanied by a long list of explorers who first discovered and who explored the massive continent. All of the explorers had an impact on the development of America. The Lewis and Clark expedition, also known as the Corps of Discovery, stands prominently at the top part of this list. The Lewis and Clark Expedition has had a significant political, social, and economic effect on America. They were the first to map out the west and set off westward expansion. Without the success of the expedition growth of America would have taken five times as long, as predicted by Thomas Jefferson.
Have you ever wondered what an expedition would look like? How it would feel to actually do one in the early 1800’s? Lewis and Clark lived through many attempted ones and actually did one themselves and their story has been told for hundreds of years. Lewis and Clark were very well known expeditioners. Their real names are actually Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. Thomas Jefferson was interested in the Western land, between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountain. The Louisiana Purchase happened which gave Jefferson an opportunity and a reason to fulfil his dreams onto Westward land. Lewis began to prepare for this expedition. He was interested in the length of rivers and location, geographical features, economic and agricultural development and much more. It took Jefferson, Lewis, and Clark many hard years of preparation to get everything ready for the trip. They knew that it wasn’t going to be a safe nor easy trip, but the intriguing sound of the trip and what the Westward land could hold was unbearable. After years of planning, stressing, and getting ready for the expediton, Lewis set out on August 31, 1803 in his keelboat, flat-bottomed, large dugout “canoe”.
The lands included in the Louisiana Purchase were those west of the Mississippi River but they were largely unexplored and therefore completely unknown to both the U.S. and France at the time. Because of this, shortly after the purchase of the land President Jefferson requested that Congress approve $2,500 for an exploratory expedition west.
After being issued by President Thomas Jefferson to map, explore, and compile information on the land just bought through the Louisiana Purchase, Captain Meriwether Lewis and 2nd Lieutenant William Clark set off on one of the greatest expeditions of all time. This paper will explore what adversities were faced on the Corp of Discoveries. From militant Indians to diseases like dysentery, they faced it all. And as Captain Lewis documented, “We went as close to hell as you can go in this lifetime.” (11.Perry)
If you are ready to leave father and mother, and brother and sister, and wife and child and friend, and never see them again… then you are ready for a walk. -Henry David Thoreau (Haberman 12)
about 2,500 years ago. Near it was the temple for his wife, Hera that was even
Muhammad’s uncle was a clan chief in the Mecca, so when his uncle died he had no one to protect him and became dangerous for Muhammad (Gabriel 60). Muhammad fled to Yathrib because of the danger in Mecca. Yathrib became known as Madinat al-Nabi (the City of the Prophet), which in short they called Medina. During Muhammad’s time in Medina, he became their teacher, judge, arbitrator, adviser, consoler, and father figure (Haleem xii). The people of Medina hoped Muhammad would be a favorable arbitrator for their warring tribes, and he carried out this hope. Muhammad commanded multiple wars and raids, most with the Meccans. The Muslims, denied the right to enter Mecca, agreed to a truce made with the Meccan alliance. This truce, known as the Treaty of Al-Hudaybiyya, allows Muslims to preach peacefully (Haleem xxxvii). A tribe allied with Mecca broke this truce, prompting Muslims to attack Mecca. Meccan leaders surrendered and accepted Islam without a fight (Haleem xii).
Throughout the Post-classical Era in ancient history, many different civilizations coexisted throughout much of the known world at the time. A plethora of the ruling empires during that time had text-book worthy advancements and its own fair share of conflict, however none would create such an impact on all parts of the world much like the Mongols did. The Mongols, originally a nomadic group which settled on the steppes of Central Asia, began the largest conquest recorded in history during the 13th century. At the end of their reign, the Mongols had acquired a massive area of territory stretching between continents and also they also gained the reputation as barbarians. A loose way to think of barbarians would be that they are uncivilized people with lack of culture, respect, and standard morals. Although many could argue that the Mongols were complete barbarians due to how cruel their military tactics were, the Mongols were in fact completely civilized because of their contribution to innovations which improved trading and the revival of laws that helped to create better living conditions for civilians with ideas of tolerance and safety. Overall, the Mongols rebuilt a foundation of peace and stability to the areas it conquered.
The Mongols were nomadic people that were raised from birth to defend their empire, had superior military equipment, used advanced military tactics that Europeans did not even use, and spread fear throughout the world due to the rumors that spread by unconquered civilizations. As a result of Mongols conquering many civilizations, they were able to spread their legacy of destruction and disruption, which is still discussed today. Using these fear tactics along with their superior military equipment and military tactics the Mongols expanded their empire across vast distances. Examples of this can be seen in 1209 when the Mongols began to raid the His-Hsia Empire and finally conquered it in 1227. Another example was the conquering of the Khwarazmian
The Mongols are well known in history as the largest contiguous empire in human history. At the Empire 's height, the Mongols occupied 11 to 12 million contiguous square miles and Genghis Khan, the ruler of the Mongols, liberated the people of the land he conquered. With all of the land Genghis Khan had acquired, trade flow was crucial to the survival of the Mongols. As of with great powers, they fall as quickly as they rise. Following the death of Genghis Khan in 1227, unrest within the Empire grew. The end of the great Mongolian Empire was slow, but eventually it fell to its lowest by the early 14th century. The Mongols rose under a great Khan, who conquered most of what became the Mongolian Empire. After his death the leaders of the Mongol
Season of Migration to the North by Tayeb Salih tells the story of a man searching for an identity he was unaware he had lost. Through his growing understanding of Mustafa Sa'eed's life, the central character eventually reconciles his own identity conflicts.