The Enlightenment and Its Influence

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The journals hint a new source of knowledge – through knowledge and ground – that undermined these sources of authority. The history of Academies in France during the Enlightenment begins with the Academy of Science, based in 1666 in Paris. Academies demonstrate the growing interest in science along with its incremental secularization, as demonstration by the diminutive number of clerics who were members (13 percent). The book sketch the appointment of the "bourgeois public sphere" in 18th-hundred Europe. First was their role in shifting the notice of the "cultivated public" away from "established authorities" to "what was new, innovatory, or challenging." Secondly, they did much to promote the "'enlightened' ideals of toleration and intellectual objectivity." Thirdly, the journals were an implicit criticism of existent notions of entire exactness monopolized by monarchies, parliaments, and pious authorities. This affection elongated the face, destroys the complexion, shorten the importance, and causes horrible ravages where it becomes residing. Owen Aldridge demonstrated how Enl...

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