The Ellora Caves, one of the most extensive temple/monastic sites in the world, is located 30 km north-northwest of Aurangabad, India, near the village of Ellora. Followers of Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism built this complex between approximately the 6th and 10th centuries A.D. There are 12 Buddhist caves, 17 Hindu caves and five Jain caves. The fact that these groups built their structures so close to one another, and sometimes at the same time, is proof of the religious harmony that existed during this time in Indian history.
Builders cut the Ellora Caves out of the face of the Charanandri hills, a volcanic basaltic formation. They began the work around 500 A.D. The Buddhist caves were carved out from approximately 500-750 A.D. The Hindu caves were carved from approximately 600-870 A.D., while the Jain caves were carved from approximately 800-1000 A.D. The temples and monasteries were carved next to each other in the wall of the basalt cliff. There are 34 caves in all numbered chronologically, beginning with the oldest Buddhist cave at the southern end of the site.
The Buddhist...
The paper talked about the new mud glyph cave art site the was discovered in northern Alabama. It is believe that the artifacts and the images that is located in the cave linked back to the Early and Middle Woodland periods. The cave was named “19th Unnamed Cave” by a naming system that was used be University of Tennessee. Other main points in this paper include the 19th Unnamed Cave, the mud glyph art that it contains, and how the mud glyph contributes to the understanding of mud glyph assemblage preservation, and it helps illuminates the chronological placement of the art form. The cave is located in northern Alabama with a cave mouth of 25 m in diameter and with more than 5 km of underground passageways. The article hypothesized that since the entrance of the cave had some fluvial action, there would no archaeological material that would have been preserved.
The Bristol Caverns are open all year around, except for on holidays, and the time that you are able to visit is subject to change during different seasons. You can visit the Bristol Caverns from 9a.m.-5p.m. on Monday through Saturday and from 12:30p.m.-5p.m. on Sundays. It is suggested that you call before attempting to go to the Bristol Caverns because of the number of tourists. (http://www.bristolcaverns.com). The drive from the ETSU campus to the caverns takes about forty-two minutes. In order to get to the Bristol Caverns you can start on 11E, get off at the Bluff City exit, take it to 394, turn right onto 435, and you will then see the Bristol Caverns on the left. Upon arrival you will be expected to pay an admission fee of $9.00, which can change, according to age. The Bristol Caverns offers special rates and tours for groups interested in touring. One of these group opportunities, "Wild Tours" (http://www.bristolcaverns.com), gives groups the chance to explore parts of the cave normally not seen, provided a guide is present.
Not too far away from the town of Montignac, in the western Massif Central and Northern Pyrenees, the cave of Lascaux was discovered. Four teenage boys and their dog discovered it. The four boys, Marcel Ravidat, Jacques Marsal, Georges Agnel and Simon Coenccus, were out on an expedition, but they found more than they bargained for that day. Their dog wandered away and they searched for him. In the process, the four boys discovered a cave that had been right below their feet for the past 17,000 years. They were not able to venture down into the 250-meter deep cave on the first day so they came back the next day prepared to enter the cave. When the boys first wiggled their way down into the cave they did not find anything. It was not until they reached an oval room that they first discovered paintings on the walls. These boys had uncovered paintings dating back to the Aurignacian (30,000-18,000 B.C.E.) (Laming, 34-41) and Magdalenian (15,000-10,000 B.C.E.) periods. It is believed that many of the paintings found in Lascaux were created between 16,000 and 14,000 B.C.E. The boys could no longer keep this cave a secret, so they told one of their teachers, Monsieur Laval. After accompanying the boys down to the cave, M. Laval started alerting historians to this new discovery. Within five days three historians were already on their way to visit the site. On September 17, 1940 three experts on Paleolithic art, Abbé Breuil, Dr. Cheynier and Abbé Bouyssonnie, crawled down into the cave; it was at this point the cave became authenticated.
The people of the Indus Valley were part of an advanced civilization. One artifact that proves that the Indus Valley Civilization was advanced, is the sewer system. They had an advanced aqueduct system that brought the dirty water from the great bath and other houses out of the civilization. This proves that they were part of an advanced civilization because not a lot of other civilizations were able to remove dirty water by using a sewage system. Another example of an artifact that proves that the Civilization is advanced is the homes that they lived in. They were able to stack stories on top of another and were able to build larger homes. This made them able to use an more efficient use of space. The richer citizens lived in bigger, multi
Identify Altamira - Dating back anywhere from 15,000 to 20,000 the Altamira is a cave which contains prehistoric cave paintings and is said to be the starting of Spain and its heritage and arguably the first form of art. The Altamira is located in Northern Spain and occurred around the time of the ice age before the area was called the Iberian Peninsula. These paintings came along due to the fact that the people had nowhere to travel because much of the land was frozen: the paintings depicted animals that were the diet of the cave people and that lived near the caves. The paintings consisted of natural materials like dried flowers or animal fat and measured about 18 feet.
The Lodhi Gardens, in India, contain a mosque, a place for Muslims to worship God. The famous mosque, “built… by the Saiyads and the Lodhis…have been beautifully maintained and preserved” (Gupta). The mosque contains inscriptions of the Qur’an with floral patterns on the ceiling (Gupta). The mosque, one can argue, may represent Islam as a whole, with beauty and symmetry, inscribing verses from the Qur’an. One can say the mosque at the Lodhi Gardens makes an argument. Because of the objective beautiful aesthetic of the mosque, people are drawn to it, often the site for school trips and tourism, and the mosque presents itself, winning people over and making the mosque a site to see; however without the inscriptions of the Qur’an, the Lodhi Gardens
The myth of the Cave, found in the seventh book of Plato’s Republic, depicts a group of people chained in the pit of a cavern, unable to see anything but the shadows of people, and the objects they carry with them, traveling past a fire behind them (186-7). This serves as an illustration of the epistemology Socrates had begun to develop in the preceding book with the images of the Sun and the Line. It also functions as a segue into the related discussion of educational theory. Additionally, though less apparent, the analogy can also be read as a defense of philosophy, an important topic for Plato in light of his teacher’s infamous death, “the founding myth of the academic discipline of philosophy” (Nails). Plato gives a heroic portrayal of
The Chauvet Cave Paintings: The Oldest Known Cave Art on Earth. Anthropology and History. April 15th 2011.
Have you ever thought about where art and literature came from? Well, the invention of cave art started both art and literature. If you walk into one of the caves, you can read it like a book; it starts out from the beginning, and then continues to the end. Cave art is important to us because it created writing, it gave us art, and it gave us the Lascaux Cave.
One of the biggest questions that humans have is “what is reality”. Plato suggests that, “ we are born in illusions,” (Plato) and that the truth is initially blinding. “The Myth of the Cave,” is a narrative story about the idea of reality, it is explored though an allegory about a man finding out the truth about reality coming from a life in the dark. They can only learn about true mainly through reason and truth. The story is told as a metaphor for what happens in the natural world and how people can be stuck in the dark about reality. Plato tells the story through the voice of Socrates, his mentor.
In Sophie’s World, one of the first ancient philosophers we learned about was Plato. Plato’s ideas were revolutionary to philosophy and influenced innumerable philosophers to come. His philosophical project had to do with the world of ideas, where he believed all souls came from before entering the physical world, thus innately recognizing the ideas it had seen before viewing the physical form of the idea. This concept was demonstrated by the Myth of the Cave, found in Plato’s dialogue the Republic. Also found in this dialogue were Plato’s ideas of how a utopian state (led by philosophers) should function: Plato believed it should be divided into three parts, rather like a human body’s head, chest, and abdomen. Each of these has a corresponding piece of the soul; reason, will, and appetite, respectively. In terms of the state the rulers are the reason and the head, in charge of leading the people with a
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In the following essay, I will be comparing and contrasting to architectural pieces by the Indians. The first is the Taj Mahal, a building constructed from white marble that took seventeen years to build in honor of Shah Jahan’s wife, Mumtaz Mahal (Z. Haq). This piece of architectural beauty belonged to the Mughal’s, the Muslim emperors in India (Z. Haq). The second is the Great Stupa at Sanchi, a holy, dome shaped structure that covers the body of the Buddha in honor of him and his contributions to Buddhism (Fischer, Julia). Furthermore, this structure was made of ruins, rocks, mud, and covered in bricks (Fischer, Julia). Both pieces of architecture are significant to the Indians, however they do contrast in some ways.
Dedicated scientists and park administrators choose to preserve the Mammoth Cave, located in the heart of Kentucky, for its significance of being incontestably the vastest cave system the world has ever seen. With an area of fifty-two-thousand, eight-hundred and thirty acres, (that’s more than forty-thousand football fields!) the Mammoth Cave became a National Park on the first of July, in the year of 1941.
The worst day of my life began innocently enough with my small group of friends preparing to explore a cave. Each month the four of us, I, Jill, John, and Ted, would choose two or three caves and spend our weekends engrossed in exploring them. Today’s cave was a special one; it afforded just a small window of opportunity for exploration because it flooded completely with each high tide. As we checked our packs and made sure all our spelunking and survival gear was in order, a rather jovial, but sizable, fellow by the name of Scott Porker happened by and asked if he could join our group. We agreed, as we were always happy to be in the company of a kindred spirit, and since the tide had just gone out we began our descent into the cave.