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Overdiagnosis of adhd research paper
Overdiagnosis of adhd research paper
Effects on development adhd
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Children with psychological disorders are not uncommon in recent years especially children who suffer from ADHD: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. This disorder affects about 3-6% of the youth population. Although this disorder is not discussed in the media as common as it is, it is one disorder that affects attention, muscle control, and those affected may omit maladaptive behaviors due to lack of control with impulses or the need to be over active. One main thing that hasn’t been looked at in depth is how this disorder affects sense of time, including duration. Generally this disorder is diagnosed in children at early stages of development. The causes of this disorder may be related to gender, depression, emotions, environmental factors, and developmental factors. ADHD children are often mistaken with excessive maladaptive behavior, and the opposite goes for children who are merely active in daily living. Some children are misdiagnosed with ADHD and medicated thereafter. However the children diagnosed correctly with ADHD may not respond to medication.
Time in psychology states that in order to recognize time, attention is a key feature. Time duration is also important, as attention spans can only last so long. ADHD children already suffer from inattention; therefore it would seem their sense of time is skewed at high levels. Several studies will be sorted through to come to a final conclusion to find out whether or not this is the only reason why their sense of time is not the same of normally developed children.
Children, who develop normally, build up their sense of time starting at approximately 1 ½ years of age. The age range 1 ½ and three years old develop a separation of the past, present and future. As th...
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...ho are hyperactive. These children however were not diagnosed with ADHD, but presumably the same thing should occur in children who do.
Our ability to perceive time is a huge part of everyday functioning. Not only is there such things as our circadian rhythms but as humans most of us like to be well organized. The use of time seems to be one of those dictators. If deficits of time occur at an early age the world view becomes skewed. We all have the ability to process information and make sense of it, however when stages in development hit snags they are decreased or some processes may not exist. Medications are used to help those deficits , but some neural fibers in the cortex the disorder affects most, may not respond at all. The children who are on medication that does help with their deficits have better motor function, but what happens if the dose is skipped?
When people think of a child diagnosed with ADHD, they think of a wild child bouncing off of the walls out of control, but this is not always the case. Some children diagnosed with the disorder can be quiet and are perceived as daydreamers. It is the daydreamers who can go undiagnosed longer because their symptoms are not as disruptive to the people around them. At a young age, symptoms are already starting to show.
any child who fails to pay attention or seems overly active might be deemed as suffering from
We go back and think about how things have changed over time, and we also look into the future by planning and making goals for ourselves. In the book review “Every Second Counts” the author, Matilda Battersby, explains that our perception of time results from processes of the brain that have to do with our memory and attention. She tells us how we are affected by time, how we perceive the changes and events in time even when we think time slows down and speeds up, and how we time travel. The author of “Every Second Counts” [page 65] mentions that “we are the one animal able.. to
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder that displays as distracted, hyperactive, and unable to focus on tasks and activities. Also known as Hyperkinetic Impulse Disorder, Hyperkinesis, Hyperactive Syndrome, Minimal Brain Damage, Minimal Brain Dysfunction, and Undifferentiated Deficit Disorder, ADHD is the most commonly diagnosed neurological disorder in children. Although many children with ADHD are quite intelligent, their lack of focus can frequently lead to poor grades and low self-esteem. The exact cause of ADHD is still unknown, but it is considered highly inheritable. Results from numerous international studies on twins have found that ADHD may have a genetic link.
Typical ADHD drug overdoses lead to an estimated 3,000 Emergency Room visits each year (Vinerd. 2006). In 2010 alone, there were 17, 000 human exposures to ADHD medications. This number is just what was reported to the Poison Control Center. Eighty percent of these overdoses occurred in kids younger than 19 years old. The other twenty percent of the overdoses occurred in adults (Stiller, 2013).This leads to the number one question: Who is to blame for these overdoes? Do we blame the doctors prescribing the medications or do we blame society?
Just because a kid has a little trouble in something doesn't mean they necessarily need medicine to help fix it. Some people think giving medicine to kids is bad but sometimes kids really do need it. I also think we need to learn a way to help kids more without giving them some type of medicine. Some of these learning disabilities sometimes medicine does not help them. Now if itś a medicine with some huge side effects then I would understand why people are against it. One of the most common effects is decreased appetite. The second most common learning disability is Dyscalculia which means is a brain disorder and makes people have common arithmetics. The most common learning disability is Definitely Adhd we also spend the most money on it each year. We spend over 5 billion dollars a year in research and studies about it. Sometimes when you take the medicine for these kinds of learning disability it can make you feel bad or even sometimes tired. Sometimes it will even cause kids to have stomach pains. It also makes them sometimes sleep less because the effect of the medicine is in them. The medicine helps them in many ways though besides of the effects it has on people. It helps people stay on task and be focused and that can lead to better things. People have been doing studies on learning disabilities for a while now. There is so many people in the world that have learning disabilities and sometimes we don’t even know people have learning disabilities till we test them.There are some good things and some bad things about taking some of the medicine to help your learning disability there is some people that it doesn’t effect and there is some that it does
During the recent years, words like attention deficit, hyperactivity, ADD etc. have been quite frequently used among various psychiatric and educational institutes. These words have been making its rounds among most educators, physicians, psychologists and young parents in the society nowadays. A few decades ago people were oblivious of these terms or only a few people had heard these terminologies and had experienced children in a class or any other related place behaving in abnormal ways which included fidgeting, restlessness or having very low attention span.
ADHD is a disorder that has been on the rise for several years now. The disorder is one that can cause many impairments to a child’s attention span, making it difficult to concentrate and to keep on task, especially on schoolwork. (Graham, 2007) The statistics have been growing ...
Children who have symptoms of inattention may be easily distracted, have difficulties focusing, become bored easily, have no organizational skills, or just can't seem to complete or turn in their homework. Children who have symptoms of hyperactivity may have trouble sitting still and being quite, or they may seem like they are constantly "on the go." C...
ADHD is an exceedingly real diagnosis for many children in the United States. Are we over diagnosing our little ones just to keep from dealing with unpleasant behavior? “ On average 1 of every 10 to 15 children in the United States has been diagnosed with the disorder, and 1 in every 20 to 25 uses a stimulant medication” (Mayes, Bagwell, & Erkulwater, 2008). Several believe that virtually all ADHD diagnoses are retractable with appropriate discipline of children instead of being so hasty in medicating them. The material found on the CDC website describes facts about ADHD, it clarifies the signs, symptoms, types, causes, diagnosis tools, and treatment forms of ADHD. What the article neglects to go into is the reality that there is a considerable amount of controversy surrounding ADHD. The CDCs usage of ethos, pathos, and logos and by what method the website manipulates them to affect the reader will be the basis of this paper.
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is very commonly known. Today, ADHD is one of the most common mental disorders among children. The NIMH (The national institute of mental health) predicts that it affecting 3 to 5 percent of all children(AACAP), with an approximate amount of 30% to 65% of these children experiencing persistence of symptoms into adolescence and adulthood (AACAP).There are three types of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type, Predominantly Inattentive Type, and Combination Type(ehow.com). The symptoms of ADHD can be classified into three main categories; hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity. These behaviors can interfere with ADHD sufferers’ ability to focus deliberately on organizing and completing a specific task that they may not enjoy. A case of this kind of behavior is recognized in a report written by the National Institute of Mental Health where one of the subjects under study was unable to pass schooling examinations due to her inattentive behavior (clinicaltrials.gov) These kinds of behaviors can damage the person's relationships with others in addition to disrupting their daily life, consuming energy, and diminishing self-esteem, depending on severity of their symptoms (adhd.com). In this paper, the multiple factors of how ADHD affects, and is handled, of those who undergo this disorder, are shown.
Most children in present society are rushed through the course of life, missing and blurring the lines of major milestones. They have been exposed to and experiencing too much of the wrong things. Parents and the general society are pushing this generation to becoming mini-adults that seem mature, but is not yet developed enough to actually be mature. As a result, the children become frustrated and stressed, leading to the development of disabilities and disorders. Parents and society needs to not only become aware of, but to also take charge of the mental condition of the next generation.
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), once called hyperkinesis or minimal brain dysfunction, is one of the most common mental disorders among children. (Elia, Ambrosini, Rapoport, 1999) It affects 3 to 5 percent of all children, with approximately 60% to 80% of these children experiencing persistence of symptoms into adolescence and adulthood, causing a lifetime of frustrated dreams and emotional pain. There are two types of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: an inattentive type and a combined type. The symptoms of ADHD can be classified into three categories: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. This behaviour stops ADHD sufferers from focussing deliberately on organising and completing a specific task that they may not enjoy, learning new skills or information is proved to be impossible. An example of such behaviour is recognised by the report written by the National Institute of Mental Health where one of the subjects under study was unable to pass schooling examinations due to her inattentive behaviour. Such behaviour can damage the person's relationships with others in addition to disrupting their daily life, consuming energy, and diminishing self-esteem. (National Institute of Mental Health 1999) There are also secondary symptoms which are associated with ADHD, such as learning disorders, anxiety, depression and other mood disorders, tic disorders, and conduct disorders. (Spencer, Biederman, and Wilens 1999 in Monastra V, Monastra D, George, 2002)
The scientific definition of time is a measurement of progress that is relative to an individual’s perception of events (HowStuffWorks.com, 2010). A psychological study proves that these viewpoints are