Introduction
The effect of Teaching Kinesthetic letter sound symbols to formulate an oral or written response to CVC words or pseudo words
What is the problem you are addressing? Students have to learn the names and sounds of the letters in order move on into more advance connections that will lead them into success in reading and writing. Traditional teaching methods in our schools allow students to make the connections between letter prints and phonemes using mostly visual and auditory learning styles. This early reading task is not easy for beginners (Ehri, Deffner & Lee, 1984, p. 880). In order to ease the difficulties young scholars might encounter while learning sound to letter graphic representation, multi sensory teaching methods that have been tested such as the Orton-Gillingham. The use of multi sensory teaching methods from trained teachers have been able to prove student improvement in decoding ability, and application of decoding skills ( Trepanier, 2009). QSI has a vast population of non native kindergarten students, who though can hear and produce the sounds of the letter taught, they might benefit from incorporating kinaesthetic letter patterns into phonic instruction. This intervention would be the stepping stone for the production of CVC words/ pseudo words. In my 10 year experience teaching kindergarten students overseas I have experience the benefits of using visual aids for students to manipulate sounds with the propose of reading words or and writing them. This action research is an attempt to identify if this specific kinaesthetic intervention to learn letter/phoneme relationship will help students make the required connections to enhance their phonemic awareness.
Why are you interested in this issue a...
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With such high numbers of adolescents falling below basic in reading, illiteracy is a battle that must be fought head on. The largest dilemma with the struggle is the number of variations that cause adolescents to become reluctant, unmotivated or struggling readers. Fortunately, a large number of strategies exist to encourage and strengthen readers of all ages, proving that adolescence is not a time to give up on faltering students. Rather, it is a time to evaluate and intervene in an effort to turn a reluctant reader into an avid one (or near enough). Ultimately, educators must learn to properly assess a student’s strengths and weaknesses (Curtis, 2009) and pair them with the proper intervention techniques. If one method does not work, countless others exist to take its place.
Establishment consisted of teaching the children correct placement of articulators to produce the targeted speech sound across all word positions. The randomized-variable practice began once the child could produce the sound 80% of the time in certain syllables. It usually took children 1-5 sessions to complete the establishment phase. Random teaching tasks such as imitated single syllables, imitated single words, nonimitated single words, imitated two-to-four word phrases, nonimitated two-to-four word phrases, imitated sentences, nonimitated sentences, and storytelling or conversations were selected in the second phase. Participants remained in this phase until they obtained 80% mastery across two
Kindergarten students spend all year struggling with their phonological awareness skills. A large portion of time should be spent on how to teach children how to rhyme blend sounds, substitute sounds, and recognize onset and rhime. Students should be coming into kindergarten possessing at least the basic phonetic skills of rhyming. These basic skills are lacking when entering the classroom in the fall. Without these essential skills children have a much more difficult time becoming fluent readers. When students lack phonological processing skills children are often times predisposed to reading disabilities (Institute for Education Reform, 1997). These sk...
Whole Language versus Phonics has been a question among many top educational groups for years. Which is the best way to teach kindergarten children the proper way to speak and learn the English Language? There are many valid reasons why experts argue for both phonics and/or whole language. Both seem to be exceptional ways to master the English Language. The purpose of this research paper is to compare phonics versus whole language and to determine how technology can support each approach.
The causes of reading difficulties often arise because of learning disabilities such as dyslexia, poor preparation before entering school, no value for literacy, low school attendance, insufficient reading instruction, and/or even the way students were taught to read in the early grades. The struggles that students “encounter in school can be seen as socially constructed-by the ways in which schools are organized and scheduled, by assumptions that are made about home life and school abilities, by a curriculum that is often devoid of connections to students’ lives, and by text that may be too difficult for students to read” (Hinchman, and Sheridan-Thomas166). Whatever the reason for the existence of the reading problem initially, by “the time a [student] is in the intermediate grades, there is good evidence that he will show continued reading g...
Wang, C., Algozzine, B., Ma, W., & Porfeli, E. (2011). Oral reading rates of second-grade
In the partial alphabetic phase individuals pay attention to different letters in a word in order to attempt its pronunciation, usually the first and final letters of a word are focused on, Ehri referred to this as ‘phonetic cue reading’. This is a skill which along with others which shows phonological awareness.
Van der Meer, L., Kagohara, D., Achmadi, D., O'Reilly, M., Lancioni, G. E., Sutherland, D., & Sigafoos, J. (2012). Speech-generating devices versus manual signing for children with developmental disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 33(5), 1658-1669. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.04.004
This journal paper presents a study to evaluate the effectiveness of three intervention programs that target on improving phonological awareness for students who have reading deficits. The three programs were Fast ForWord(FFW), Earobics (2) and Lindamood Phonetic Sequencing Program (LiPS). These interventions have been chosen for two main reasons. First, they all particularly focus on phonological awareness, a core element of reading acquisition. Second, their publishers claim about the dramatic improvements in language and reading ability by using those programs. The FFW and Earobics are auditory-based interventions which incorporate interactive games while the LiPS, formally called the ADD program (Auditory Discrimination in Depth), is not based on interactive games and incorporates an articulatory approach. Sixty children with reading difficulties (with the average age of 9 years old) recruited from a local school were randomly assigned into 1-3 interventions. Participants received three 1 hour daily training session for 20 days. In
Stanberry, K., & Swanson, L. (2009). Effective Reading Interventions for Kids With Learning Disabilities. In LD online. Retrieved January 13, 2014
The letter-sound matching aids children in moving from hearing the sounds, to matching the sounds with appropriate letters. The same procedure will be used. However, a second stretch will be conducted. This time, the children will write into each box a correct letter representing the recognized sound, with help needed. As they internalize the understanding of the alphabetic principle, their need for boxes will reduce and ultimately quench.
As explained phonological awareness develops through a gradual process of refinement of sounds, starting with broad distinctions between general sounds, moving ultimately towards fine gradations of phonemes (Barratt-Pugh, Rivalland, Hamer & Adams, 2005a). Studies David Hornsby and Lorraine Wilson from suggesting that children learn phonic before they learn how to read and write. Children at young ages explore the relationships in sound and letter, this leads there phonics to a graphic symbol.
A great debate whether the phonetic approach or whole language approach should be used in the classroom has been occurring since the early nineteen thirties, and there has not been a definite decision on which approach should be used to teach in the classroom. To understand this debate, one must first understand the differences between whole language and phonics learning.
readers: A perspective for research and intervention ―[Electronic version]. Scientific Studies of Reading, 11(4), 289-312.
“The single most important activity for building knowledge for their eventual success in reading is reading aloud to children,” a report from 1985 by the commission