The Effect of Imagery on Recall
Introduction:
In cognitive psychology there are many ways in which people can
enhance memory - mnemonics. This study is based on how imagery helps
memory. Imagery is the use of mental representations of real life
objects and action. This only takes place in the mind and is not
physically present.
There are examples of tests that have taken place to see how effective
mnemonics using imagery are:
Wollen et al. in 1972 carried out an experiment using paired images
and manipulating them to be interacting or not interacting e.g. a
cigar on a piano. The images were also presented as bizarre e.g. a
cigar smoking from both ends. The independent variables of this
experiment were the conditions that the images were in. They were: i)
interacting and bizarre ii) interacting but not bizarre iii) not
interacting but bizarre, and finally iv) not interacting and not
bizarre. The results of the study were that the interacting pairs were
recalled more often than the non-interacting pairs. However,
bizarreness did not affect the results of recall.
Besides being used for recollection, the use of imagery for teaching
languages is significantly effective, as shown by Atkinson & Raugh
(1975). The technique used is the key-word method where an image is
used to help recall another word. When teaching the foreign language
to the participants in the experiment, the participants were told to
find a part of the foreign word which sounds like an English word. For
example: in Spanish, the word lagartija means lizard. In English, the
word would be broken down and read as "log-ar -tee-ja". The high
imagery word would be 'log' and so it would be used as the key to
recall the definition. Participants of this experiment would then have
been told to imagine a lizard lying on top of a log. Like this, the
stored image would help retrieve the actual meaning of the word*.
The method of Loci is useful for recalling objects by visualizing a
location.
Imagery is one of the components that were used by Edwards to make his story more persuasive. As the short story begins, the first sentence was an example of imagery. Edwards wrote when men are on Gods hands and they could fall to hell. natural men are held in the hands of God, over the pit of hell Knowing that you might fall into hell at any moment should scare you. God decided to save you until he wants to let you fall into an eternity of burning flames. Another example of imagery is when he talks abo...
A good example of imagery can be found at the end of the story in the last paragraph. For this part of imagery, the main character Jackson Jackson has received his grandmother’s regalia from the pawn shop employee without having to pay the total of $999 he originally had to pay. (Alexie) “I took my grandmother’s regalia and walked outside. I knew that solitary yellow bead was part of me.
Imagery is when the author presents a mental image through descriptive words. One prime example of imagery that the author uses is in paragraph 3; where she tells of a moment between a man and a woman. In this narration she states the time, year, outfit of each character described, and what the female character was doing. These details might come across as irrelevant, or unnecessary, but this is Didions way of showing what the blueprint of notebook it. Using imagery reinforces the foundation of the essay, and what the essay’s mission was.
Imagery is when the author uses detail to paint a picture of what’s happening. This is shown when Kendra is looking out of the window, “...fixed her gaze on a particular tree, following it as it slowly approached, streaked past, and then gradually receded behind her..” (1). This is imagery because you can imagine the tree flying past. These literary devices help deepen the plot of the
The ability to make the reader immersed in the story and the main character is the best thing to have when writing a piece. It helps the reader decide whether to keep reading or not. This ability is known as imagery. Imagery is writing with metaphors and the five sense, which creates a scene for the reader. Imagery is basically the way the author shows the reader what the main character or narrator is seeing. Janet Burroway, author of “Imaginative Writing”, which is a book about writing and the components of it, states that Image is, “An image is a word or series of words that evokes one or more of the five senses.” (Burroway, 15) Imagery is very important and good authors know how to use it to add more meaning and power to their literature.
While reading "Neuromancer", one may become extremely baffled if he or she cannot interpret the terminology used or the framework in which the book is written. Hence, the use of the formalistic approach is necessary in order for the reader to actually understand the concepts trying to be declared by Gibson. Through the formalistic approach one can begin to see that Gibson uses repetition, and specific word choice to set the tone for the novel, and imagery to relate the content of the book to the lives of his readers.
Imagery is a key part of any poem or literary piece and creates an illustration in the mind of the reader by using descriptive and vivid language. Olds creates a vibrant mental picture of the couple’s surroundings, “the red tiles glinting like bent plates of blood/ the
Imagery is the use of symbols to convey an idea or to create a specific atmosphere for the audience. Shakespeare uses imagery in Macbeth often, the most prevalent one, is blood. I believe he uses this as a way to convey guilt, murder, betrayal, treachery and evil, and to symbolize forewarning of events.
Actors involved in Clash of the Titans (1981) and in the remake of the film in 2010 had to imagine themselves fighting off giant scorpions, a reptilian Medusa, and the dreaded Kraken. Despite the incredible special effects of today’s technology, Clash of the Titans (2010) lacks the creativity and imagination that originally brought the film to life in 1981. The use of CGI causes movies to become more realistic and believable as the technology improves, but at a terrible cost--the audience’s involvement. The audience is unable to form as much of an emotional attachment to the story told in the 1981 version of the film as the 2010 version because the special effects take away the need for the audience to use their imagination. The audience is much more engaged and involved in the 1981 story because viewers must use their own imagination to play along with the actors in the film.
Our long is stored in two different categories. They are called Explicit Memory and Implicit Memory. Both contain various sub categories. These sub categories contain the various types of knowledge we have obtained over the years.
Human memory is flexible and prone to suggestion. “Human memory, while remarkable in many ways, does not operate like a video camera” (Walker, 2013). In fact, human memory is quite the opposite of a video camera; it can be greatly influenced and even often distorted by interactions with its surroundings (Walker, 2013). Memory is separated into three different phases. The first phase is acquisition, which is when information is first entered into memory or the perception of an event (Samaha, 2011). The next phase is retention. Retention is the process of storing information during the period of time between the event and the recollection of a piece of information from that event (Samaha, 2011). The last stage is retrieval. Retrieval is recalling stored information about an event with the purpose of making an identification of a person in that event (Samaha, 2011).
Interference in memory recall can be affected by nutrition deficiencies and stress. Korsakoff’s syndrome which is as a result of a lack of vitamin B1 or thiamine, does adversely affect memory in some patients with alcoholism (Carlson, 2010). Stress has also been found to interfere with recall in people when faced with the stress of surviving a natural disaster. Usually Korsakoff’s syndrome is found in older patients who have drunk alcohol for decades, but the thiamine deficiency can cause cognitive impairments in younger patients also (Terry, 2009).
Have you ever wondered why you find yourself recalling memories that, later you realized, they never actually occurred? If your answer is yes, then you’ve probably personally experienced this. If your answer is no, maybe you have indeed experienced this but, you just didnt realize it or didn’t understand it. Well, in order to understand the whole idea behind “false memories”, one must first understand “memory” in general. When asked about “memory” many will often describe it as “the mental capacity of receiving and recalling facts, events, impressions, or of recalling past experiences.” (Squire, 2009) Some of the common examples that are often described includes the process of studying for an exam or the process of trying to recall where
What is memory and how its work. It is usually link with the ‘thinking of again’ or ‘recalling to the mind’ of a thing learned or memorized before. Definitions of this sort imply conscious awareness in the remembered that they are recollecting something of the past. For instance, we may remember our first day of school or some information like who is the president of the country. Basically, this is just tiny part of our capacity when we check out the full human memory capabilities.
Memory is the tool we use to learn and think. We all use memory in our everyday lives. Memory is the mental faculty of retaining and recalling past experiences. We all reassure ourselves that our memories are accurate and precise. Many people believe that they would be able to remember anything from the event and the different features of the situation. Yet, people don’t realize the fact that the more you think about a situation the more likely the story will change. Our memories are not a camcorder or a camera. Our memory tends to be very selective and reconstructive.