Stroke is the third leading cause of death in Canada. Each year it is estimated that 50,000 Canadians experience a stroke,5 and approximately 315,000 Canadians are living with the effects of stroke today.12 Up to 88% of stroke survivors experience upper-limb hemiparesis,3 which is particularly problematic given its impact on activities of daily living.1 Despite the billions of dollars being spent each year for stroke rehabilitation12 evidence that supports the efficacy of stroke motor rehabilitation is limited, making interventions that reduce the impact of hemiparesis a priority.4 One therapy that has recently gained popularity is known as constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT). This rehabilitation tool is used to regain lost function in upper extremities following a stroke.7 CIMT involves a restraint of the less-impaired upper extremity to enhance the use of the affected limb in activities of daily living.7,10 The restraint is typically accomplished by placing the entire arm in a sling or placing the less-impaired hand in a mitt for the majority of waking hours during a 2 week period,10 essentially forcing the patient to use the arm that has the most severe impairments.6,7
Previous research investigated the efficacy of a modified constraint-induced movement therapy protocol for patients experiencing hemiparesis following stroke.4 The finding show that CIMT may be an effective method of improving motor function and use of the more affected arms of stroke patients.4 A recent study investigated whether constraint-induced movement therapy would enhance axonal remodeling and functional recovery, and furthermore improve behavioural and motor performance following stroke in rats.12 Consistent with previous studies,9,10 the rats t...
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...emity function among adults recovering from a cerebrovascular stroke. Neurorehabil and Neural Repair. (2003) 17: 137-152.
10. Wolf, S. L., Winstein, C. J., Miller, J. P., Taud, E., Uswatte, G., Morris, D., Giuliani, C., Light, K. E., & Nichols-Larrsen, D. Effect of constraint-induced movement therapy on upper extremity function 3 to 9 months after stroke: the EXCITE randomized clinical trail. American Medical Association. (2006) 296: 2095-2104.
11. Wurm, F., Keiner, S., Kunze, A., Witte, O. W., & Redecker, C. Effects of skiller forelimb training on hippocampal neurogenesis and spatial learning after focal cortical infarcts in the adult rat brain. Stroke. (2007) 38: 2833-2840.
12. Zhao, S., Zhao, M, Xiao, T., Jolkkonen, J., & Zhao, C. Constraint-induced movement therapy overcomes the intrinsic growth-inhibitory signals in stroke rats. Stroke. (2013) 44: 1698-1705.
Note writing facilitates the learning process between students and instructors in the online environment. According to Qui, Hewitt, and Brett (2012), class size is one aspect that effects note writing and note reading in the online course environment. Unlike traditional face-to-face classes, online classes are conducted through text and influences the students note writing behavior (Qui et al., 2012). The authors contend that classes too large, create situations in which students are overloaded by
collected through observation. Then the statistics are organized in tables, pie charts, graphs etc. Researchers must be sure the kind of descriptive statistics matches the kind of data that has been collected. Influential statistics is when, due to the size of the
type of natural disaster that can demonstrate two specific examples of genetics which are population bottlenecks and genetic drifts. A specific example of how bottleneck effects and genetic drift can occur in areas where hurricanes are prevalent in is Hurricane Katrina. When looking at Hurricane Katrina, the population bottleneck effect and genetic drift played important aspects in the state of Louisiana’s population, but more specifically in the city of New Orleans. A population bottleneck occurs
in DL. On the other hand, mean time taken to produce the drawing by distal apparatus (OL) is less than the time taken by proximal apparatus in both TL and DL. The results of the ANOVA for draw time and drawing errors are presented in Table 2. The results indicated that the main factor of CONFIDENTIAL MANUSCRIPT FOR EDITORIAL REVIEW 10 directions and main factor of conditions (3 levels of learning) yielded no significance. However, the interaction between the
Class Size and its Effects In the middle of a typical day in my English eleven class, I am stuck on some review questions about the book “To Kill a Mockingbird” that the entire class was supposed to read. Concentrating in such an obstreperous class full of loud and obnoxious kids is extremely hard, and when I say full, I mean all thirty-one seats are filled. Also due to such a large class size I can’t get my teacher’s attention to come help me work through the question. It seems that every time
Similar research supports that idea that small classes produce even greater long-term benefits when class-size reduction is extended for additional years during primary education. Longitudinal studies reveal that a longer duration in small class primary education equates to more considerable, enduring benefits in secondary education (Finn et al. 166). The seemingly short-term participation in class-size reduction enhances a student’s entire academic career and chance for achievement.
other gaseous environment. Aerosols vary in size and composition, they can be naturally or manmade generated. Aerosols are minute particles suspended in the atmosphere. When these particles are sufficiently large, we notice their presence as they scatter and absorb sunlight. Aerosols interact directly and indirectly with the earth’s radiation budget and climate. In direct effect the aerosols scatter sunlight. In indirect effect the aerosol can modify the size of cloud. Any particle suspended in atmosphere
Tonicity effects on Plant & Animal Cells In order to understand the concept of the three solutions; hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic, used in the experiment one must learn to understand the concept of how and why molecules move by processes of osmosis. As conducted, this hands-on experiment will help you examine water molecule movement when exposing the plant cell that make up the potato to be either hypertonic or hypotonic solutions. Although, plant cells have rigid cell walls external to the
absolutely any two stimuli. An example of this threshold is when a person can detect when someone adds a small amount of weight to a much greater weight. In further detail it can be when someone adds 20 grams to a 200 gram weight. On the other hand if someone were to add 20 grams to a 2 kilogram weight a person would not notice the difference and the reason for that is because the difference threshold has
of the civil war uniforms were custom made in workers home’s by hand on government contract. Women's ready made clothing developed rather slowly. Clothing were depicted as modern and fashionable although the new ready made clothing fit poorly. Ready made clothing manufacturers create their own unique and sometimes unpredictable sizing systems. Clothes before the industrial revolution were often made from fabric that was made by hand or, bought locally. Tailoring was still expensive and not an option
larger class sizes. as a result the class should be smaller. When there class sizes that are too big a person has problems that effect students and the teachers and both the student and teacherhave problems. Class sizes may have an effect on Student’s’ success. Large c Class sizes are not fair to students for many reasons. because students and teachers’ come across problems when there are more students than classrooms. In a smaller class teachers’ would be able to do more hands on activities
female differ in a number of ways ranging from size, genetics, location, specialisation, connections among other differences. The differences are critical in the different ways men and women differ while they respond to a problem, what they think and what they talk. The following are the differences between the male and female brains. White matter and gray matter It is estimated that males have about 6.5 times more of gray matter than women. On the other hand, it is also estimated that women have 10 times
Cai Gup-Qiang’s ‘Head on’ is overall an extremely large display. It consists of 99 wolf replicas and a glass wall. The wolves are running up then overhead then smash off a glass wall just to get up and start again. A single wolf by itself is a life size scale sculpture that is covered with fur; each one stands in a different pose some bearing their teeth others crashing into the glass wall. Many of the wolves are suspended on cables as to give the appearance of running. Then several are posed against
around 30 percent of the total words, so there was just a little difference in performance between two groups. The researchers were convinced that the pressure of a time limit affect participants’ ability to memorize and recall the words. On the other hand, they realized that the time constraint did not impact participants’ short-term memory to recall the words. The hypothesis was not supported for this experiment. Therefore... ... middle of paper ... ...y? The Quarterly Journal of Experimental
another, product return rate plays a very important role for online retailers. A high product return rate might suggest that descriptions, information and pictures of the product on the online retailer’s website are not accurate or complete. On the other hand, a low product return rate could indicate that the online retailers do a better job of meeting their customers’ needs, satisfactions, and