The purpose of this experiment is to isolate myristic acid from the triglyceride, trimyristin, by using basic hydrolysis followed by acidification. First, tert-butyl methyl ether is utilized to extract the trimyristin and recrystallize from acetone to yield pure trimyristin. Sodium hydroxide, water, and ethanol are utilized to convert trimyristin to glycerol and sodium myristate. Finally, hydrogen chloride and water are applied to convert sodium myristate to myristic acid via hydrolysis. This experiment illustrates the paramount process of obtaining a pure organic yet medical compound from a natural source. Reaction Scheme: Table of Reagents: Compound MW (g/mol) BP (℃) MP (℃) Density (g/mL) Trimyristin 723.16 311 56-57 0.85 NaOH 40.00 1388 318 2.13 Water (H2O) 18.02 100 0.00 1.00 HCl 36.46 -85.05 X 1.49 EtOH 46.07 78.29 0 0.79 Table of Products and Byproducts: Compound …show more content…
Trimyristin was then processed to produce glycerol and sodium myristate using sodium hydroxide, ethanol, and water as reagents. After, hydrogen chloride and water were applied to convert sodium myristate to myristic acid via hydrolysis. In terms of reagents and product’s character, sodium myristate has the yellowish look in polar solutions like water because it is lipids that congregate into small droplet called a micelle. Thus, the nonpolar sides congregate on the inside of the micelle and polar ionic ends at the outside surface of the globule. The nonpolar inside dissolves the grease molecules and the ionic outside is washed away. As the result, the myristic acid will form. Based on the stoichiometry of the reaction, one mole of trimyristin yields three moles of sodium myristates, therefore three moles of myristic acids are produced. In this experiment, 0.062 grams of trimyristin produced 0.05 grams of myristic acid. The percent yield is 84.75%. The 100% theoretical yield should be 0.059 grams of myristic
Number of moles of〖 K_2 CrO〗_4, mol = (4.0 ×〖10〗^(-2) mol L^(-1))(5.0×〖10〗^(-2) L)= 2.0×〖10〗^(-3) mol
Esters are defined as molecules consisting of a carbonyl group which is adjacent to an ether linkage. They are polar molecules which are less polar than alcohols but more so than ethers, due to their degree of hydrogen bonding ability. Most often derived from reacting an alcohol with a carboxylic acid, esters are a unique, ubiquitous class of compounds with many useful applications in both natural and industrial processes 1. For example, within mammals, esters are used in triglycerides and other lipids as they are the main functional group attacking fatty acids to the glycerol chain 2. A unique property of esters is their tendency to give off distinct aromas such as the scent of apples (Ethyl caprylate) and bananas (Isoamyl acetate). This is of a unique importance especially in industries that utilize flavors and aromas such as the tobacco, candy and alcohol industry. Consistent research is conducted in order to enhance and increase the effectiveness of esters in these products 3.
The objective of this experiment was to perform extraction. This is a separation and purification technique, based on different solubility of compounds in immiscible solvent mixtures. Extraction is conducted by shaking the solution with the solvent, until two layers are formed. One layer can then be separated from the other. If the separation does not happen in one try, multiple attempts may be needed.
Performing this experiment, we used the technique called Acid-Base extraction to isolate Eugenol, which is one of the main ingredients of clove oil. Acid-Base extraction is the most efficient method for isolating organic component; it is efficient because it purifies the acid and base mixture based on their chemical identities. We have seen throughout this experiment that acid and base play an important role, when it comes to solubility in water. Our basic knowledge of acid and base is acid is a proton donor and base is a proton acceptor. This ideology helps us to understand why organic compounds are not soluble in water. When compounds tend to be insoluble, we have to use acid and base reaction, to change its solubility. The changes that occurred
Mycobacterium is a bacillus –a rod shaped, cord forming, bacteria. The reason the organism creates problems for its host is due to the fact that its cell wall contains large wax like lipids called mycolic acids. Mycolic acids are strong hydrophobic molecules that form a lipid...
Good fats come from vegetables, nuts, seeds and fish. The two broad categories of beneficial fats include monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats. The good healthy fats are liquid at room temperature, and do not solidify. They are different from saturated fats as that have fewer hydrogen atoms bonded to their carbon chains.
There are several classification of mycotoxins base on the field of study. Different researchers grouped mycotoxins according to their area of study and the toxicity levels. For example, the Cell biologist grouped mycotoxins into generic classes such as teratogens, mutagens, carcinogens, and allergens. While the clinicians classified mycotoxins base on the body organs they affect such as hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, neurotoxins, immunotoxins, and others. The organic chemists classified mycotoxins base on their chemical structure including lactones, coumarins, and so forth. Base on their biosynthetic source mycotoxins are grouped by the biochemists as polyketides, amino acid-derived
Materials and Methods: An ion exchange chromatography column was obtained and set up for purification with the addition of 0.5 ml ion exchange matrix. 1 ml
This experiment is based on being able to properly isolate/purify trimyristin from nutmeg and synthesize myristic acid from trimyristin. Liquid-solid extraction and recrystallization are the techniques used to isolate/purify the trimyristin from nutmeg. Base hydrolysis is the technique used to synthesize the myristic acid from trimyristin. Isolating trimyristin from nutmeg is considered natural product chemistry. Natural product chemistry involves isolating organic compounds from living things, such as plants (Weldegirma 2016). Usually, natural product chemistry is complicated, intensive, and tedious. However, the isolation of trimyristin is not very difficult because a large portion of nutmeg is made up of trimyristin. Trimyristin is a unique triglyceride, as all three of its fatty acid groups are identical.
This is a table of a three molar acid, and how long it took for the
Erucic acid worked and is still used today. Erucic is extracted from canola/rapeseed. It distracts one of the enzymes, preventing it from metabolizing the wrong fatty acid. In many eastern countries canola was found to prevent heart disease.
Methods: First we heated up the food samples that were solid until they melted and became liquid. Then we started by adding 4 mL of ethanol to each food sample and then shaked it. After the ethanol dissolved with the food sample, we decanted the solution into 4 mL of water in a test tube. Then we waited and observed the result. If a milky white emulsification appeared; then lipids were present. If the solution was colorless, then lipids were not
In this experiment, lipids from ground nutmeg are extracted using a combination of solvents and identify the lipids through chromatography. The purpose of using solvent combinations is to elute the lipids based on their polarity to binding of the silica gel. The chromatography is performed on a silica gel plate and the use of iodine to visualize the lipids. By calculating the Rf values for each compound and comparing them to the known lipids, we are able to distinguish the lipids within the grounded nutmeg.
According to the results shown, 2 M hydrochloric acid that was more concentrated had a faster rate of reaction than less concentrated 0.5 M hydrochloric acid. As could be seen from Figure 1: processed data, 2 M hydrochloric acid’s average water displacement of 9.1 cm was much larger than 0.5 M hydrochloric acid’s water displacement of 0.3 cm. Therefore, the trend of the reaction rate increasing as the concentration increased was shown. The hypothesis was supported by the evidence obtained from this experiment.
Stearic acid is obtained from fats and oils by saponification of triglycerides using hot water.