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The impact of environmental challenges on the automobile industry
The environmental impact of the automotive industry
The environmental impact of the automotive industry
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SUV’s have become the center of a large controversy in the last couple of years. Many studies have been conducted on the relation to the economy and the popularity of the SUV. The sport utility vehicle not only affects the economy with its gas-guzzling capabilities during a time of war, but with the safety questions that have continued to arise.
“Automobiles have a large impact on the quality of our environment and public health. Automobile use affects virtually every aspect of environmental quality - including noise levels, air quality, water pollution, and urban sprawl. Ninety percent of the environmental impact of automobiles occurs through the operation of the cars: about 10 percent from the production, raw materials and disposal of automobiles.
• Federal law permits Sport Utility Vehicles to waste 33 percent more gasoline than passenger cars.
• SUVs can spew 30 percent more carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons and 75 percent more nitrogen oxides than passenger cars.
• Since 1990, the inefficiency of light trucks (including SUVs) have led to Americans wasting an extra 70 billion gallons of gasoline. “
SUV’s burn more gas and spew out more pollution. Many of the big SUV’s pollute three times as much as cars, which greatly contributes to climate change and smog. But for many of us, it is difficult to connect our actions at the gas pump with the temperature outside or with the quality o...
This work is directly inspired by Der Blaue Reiter Almanach. Primarily a work of prose, it consisted of plays, essays by leading artists and musicians detailing works of the era, and commentary on art, music, theater, and related subjects. The Brooklyn Rider Almanac is conceptually a modern recreation of this idea in music, in that musicians are providing a commentary of artists or their work through their music. In a way, The Brooklyn Rider Almanac approaches the idea of cross-disciplinary art from an opposite prospective as the Onomatopoetic Project. Many of the works presented during the concert as a part of The Brooklyn Rider Almanac were inspired by looking an artistic muse or idea as an inspiration to create music that reflects the muse. Artists from classically trained composers to jazz and rock musicians contributed to this collection of works, and the results are both fascinating and inspiring. One great example of this is Necessary…Henry by Albanian Cellist Rubin Kodheli. Inspired by the jazz musician Henry Threadgill, this work incorporates the styles of rock musicians like Jimi Hendrix into and what could be perceived as the farthest possible medium from rock: the string quartet. Like Threadgill’s earlier use of non-jazz instrumentation and ideas in jazz works, Kodheli uses sounds from the rock genre like virtuosic guitar-like riffs, rock groves, and highly
Openly cheating on her husband repeatedly attests to that. She is very confident and sure of herself. When confronted about her most previous outing she simply retorts “well you’re a coward.”(14). Two things are going on in that scene. Hemmingway is portraying Margot as brave and Macomber as weak and pathetic. He will not stand up to his wife for real, he tries and fails when faced with the confidence she exudes. As Macomber becomes more confident and brave Margot begins to falter and though she never makes a statement that she is scared, her actions at the end of the story prove she is becoming scared. Her husband being a coward secured her power over him, and she is a person who needs to be in charge, when he loses this she is scared. Ultimately, she shoots Macomber in the back of the head. Hemmingway leaves her intentions debatable for some, but analyzing her personality and the unknown factors points toward homicide. There are women who have been known to deliver perfect kill shots upon the first time handling a weapon, so even if she had never fired a weapon before it is possible to execute a kill. She could have been aiming for his back and accident blown off the back of his head. Being scared is not enough to prove her intent was not at least to injure, after all she was losing
Driving emits particle pollution, which increases the risk of heart disease, lung cancer and asthma. Particle pollution is processed in two ways, either mechanical or chemical.
His stance is presented in a clear way to the reader allowing them to understand which side of the argument he has taken. As Murray proceeds to make his argument, he starts it off by jumping to conclusions without any solid evidence. Murray states, “If you are average in math ability, you may struggle with algebra and probably fail a calculus course. If you are average in verbal skills, you often misinterpret complex text and make errors in logic” (Murray 676). This claim is a very broad assumption that may be true for some but Murray’s mistake was concluding that everyone who is average in math will probably fail a calculus course. This statement can leave the reader questioning Murray’s credibility because they have no idea if Murray has proved this, found facts for this or if Murray personally knew every person who was average in math and failed calculus. If Murray had taken time to research this claim, it may be more convincing but there is no source or credibility to this statement, leaving readers questioning if this is Murray’s opinion or a true fact. If Murray had done his research, it would have made his argument more suitable and convincing, instead of being potentially offensive to
Love has always been a controversial topic. There are many definitions such as the scientific, the dictionary, and the personal definitions. The scientific definition states that love is a reaction of an increased amount of Oxytocin, a hormone created by both men an women to serve as a mutual attraction between mates. The Merriam Webster dictionary states “strong affection for another arising out of kinship or personal ties.” as their definition. Shakespeare had many personalized definitions of love, one being that any type of love can be immortalized some how; as we read through his works, we can come to realize that it ends up being a reoccurring theme. Within Shakespeare’s sonnets and plays, he doesn’t simply give us his definition in
Transition: Also, Macomber’s cowardice is shown through his wife’s disrespectful comments and continuous degrading of her husband’s personality.
The social pact comes down to this; “Each one of us puts into the community his person and all his powers under the supreme direction of the general will; and as a body, we incorporate every member as an indivisible part of the whole (Rousseau: 61)”. The general will can itself direct the forces of the state with the intention of the whole’s primary goal - which is the common good. The general will does not allow private opinions to prevail. The union of the people, in its passive role is known as the State and is referred to as the Sovereign in its active state. Associates of the body politic are communally known as the people, and individually referred to as citizens or subjects. The primary problem to which the social contract holds the solution is based on the total alienation of each associate to the entire community. Rousseau proposes that every individual give himself absolutely and apply the same conditions for each and every one to result in an agreement where it is in no ones interest to make the conditions burdensome for others. The critiques of this contract are so specifically determined by ones actions, that the slightest amendment must make the agreement invalid; it is crucial to obtain a unanimous recognition and admittance by the whole. If the social pact is desecrated, every man regains his inborn rights to recover his natural freedom, and loses the civil freedom in which he bargained for. Stop. The existence of natural freedom is the argument in which I intend to pursue against Rousseau. This thought shall be revisited in a short while. Rousseau implies upon freedom the definition of the sovereign; it is a reason; a collaboration with others; a civil expression of the general will.
There was Phantom, who was named Eric from France, in The Opera House. Everyone in city spoke about it and every worker in Opera was afraid of him, except doorkeeper Madame Giry, whom he spoke only. He controlled everything there. Each director ignored him at the beginning, but they accepted his demands after some accidents happened to them or to their workers. The last time, the directors of Opera were Armand Moncharmin and Firmin Richard. They have two singers, one Christine Daae and the other La Carlotta. La Carlotta, whom all citizens loved, was very famous and main singer in The Opera. Christine was very young and inexperienced, but she was pretty beautiful.
Andrew Simms, a policy director and head of the Climate Change Program for the New Economics Foundation in England, presents his argument about the impact SUV’s have on our roadways, and the air we breathe. “Would You Buy a Car That Looked like This? “. The title alone gives great insight on what the article is going to be about, (vehicles). “They clog the streets and litter the pages of weekend colour *supplements. Sport utility vehicles or SUV’s have become badges of middle class aspiration” (Simms 542). Simms opening statement not only gives his opinion on how SUV’s are the new trend, but he also paints a picture of what we see every day driving down our roadways. Simms also compares the tobacco industry’s gap between image and reality to that of SUV’s; stating that the cause and consequences of climate change resemble smoking and cancer. Simms comparison between SUV’s and cigarettes shows how dangerous he believes SUV’s are.
The Social Contract, by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, is a document that embodies the concepts championed during the Enlightenment and Revolutionary time periods. Its conclusion that “General Will” should define the desires of citizens, as opposed to the declarations of a ruling class, embodied the Enlightenment concept of individualism over tradition, while its statements that force and natural authority had no roles in defining laws or rules, engendered Revolutionary thinking in the French lower-classes. The Social Contract inspired multiple movements, both social and political, and defined the 18th century movements in France.
The piece, “From Ways of Seeing” by John Berger, describes how a man’s actions are perceived and always focused on showing power. However a woman’s presence is opposite and that everything she does determines how people see her. Her choices and actions are what we go by to determine who the woman is. Whereas men want to be seen but women just want to be accepted (4). Aaron H. Devor in, “Becoming Members of Society: Learning the Social Meanings of Gender” argues that men and women both strive to obtain power (112). Devor shows how the means of how they obtain said power are vastly different and mirror the statements that Berger claims (114). Devor helps further our understanding of how we come to act the specific ways that are customary by divulging the ongoing thought process toward gender of children (109). Berger as well as Devor seem to agree on the topic of how the members of a gender act in society, the motive behind these actions are where differences between the writers
Automobiles play an essential role in American society. As if being the major means of transportation was not impressive enough, automotives can be seen on T.V., in movies, in magazines, and can sometimes be indicative of a person’s wealth and social status. On average, Americans drive nearly 40 miles and drive for just over 50 minutes driving per person per day (http://www.bts.gov). That means a person spends roughly one-sixteenth of a day driving. It would make sense, then, to make such an essential part of society as efficient, cost effective, and clean as possible. However, that is not the case. As the years have passed cars have actually begun to move away from efficiency. Hawken writes, “[The automobile] design process has made cars ever heavier, more complex, and usually costlier. These are all unmistakable signs that automaking has beco...
The rising levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHG) caused by the increased use of fossil fuels for energy services—notably transportation, heating, and the generation of electricity—is known to be one of the foremost drivers of climate change. The United States is responsible for one-fourth of the world’s total greenhouse gas emissions, representing only 5% of the world population and it becomes the world’s single largest emitter of atmospheric greenhouse gasses (EPA, 2011) . Since 1970, the U.S. share of net import of crude oil and consumption had been increased significantly and the majority of the imported liquid-based petroleum fuels were used for U.S. transportation sector (EIA, 2010). Today, the transportation is the second largest source of the end-use energy sector (CO2) emissions next to the electric power sector in the U.S. In 2008, the U.S. transportation sector becomes the significant contributor of CO2 emissions, which accounts for 95 percent of U.S. transportations GHG emissions and one-third of the total U.S. GHG emissions (EPA, 2011). In the same year, the U.S. light-duty transportation sector, including passenger cars and light-duty trucks consumed roughly about 60% of the total liquid-based petroleum fuel supplies (EIA, 2010). Due to the high-carbon intensive fossil fuel energy supply, the GHG emissions from light-duty vehicles accounted for about 40% of the total U.S. transportation’s GHG emissions (EIA, 2010).
Today, people use their own personal vehicles to travel more than ever before. Personal transportation is no longer considered a luxury; it is now considered a necessity. The number of cars in the United States has been growing steadily since the 1970s. The number of miles traveled by cars has risen nearly 150 percent, yet the United States population has only grown roughly 40 percent during that time (hybridcars.com, Driving Trends). Although it may seem like we are advancing into the future, in reality, we are moving backwards from the effects these vehicles have on our bodies and the environment. The pollution produced by these vehicles has brought us to the day where we must find other modes of transportation that cause less harm to the world in which we live. Advances in technology have developed hybrid vehicles to try and slow down the amount of pollution. Driving a hybrid vehicle, instead of a conventional gas powered vehicle, can reduce the amount of pollution that affects our lives and the environment around us.
Car pollutants cause immediate and long-term effects on the environment. Car exhausts emit a wide range of gases and solid matter, causing global warming, acid rain, and harming the environment and human health. Engine noise and fuel spills also cause pollution. Cars, trucks and other forms of transportation are the single largest contributor to air pollution in the United States, but car owners can reduce their vehicle's effects on the environment. Car pollution is one of the major causes of global warming. Cars and trucks emit carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, which contribute one-fifth of the United States' total global warming pollution. Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere, which causes worldwide temperatures to rise.