The Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways
analytical Essay
1068 words
Highway Revolt In the past seventy years the United States has evolved to become a nation of intricate roads and major superhighways. With 6,586,610 km of public roads the United States holds the leading position for the largest road network in the world. Creating such a monstrous change in a nation over a short period of time generated some disagreements between locals and politicians. In addition to disagreements, the undertaking of building an enormous network of highways held a vast number of unintended consequences. This essay demonstrates the effects and unintended consequences on locals when the government creates interstates, highways and other public roads in an area. In order to understand the background of locals revolts on various highways it is necessary to delve into the history of the highways and public road works of the United States. Additionally, it is necessary to investigate the manner in which these freeways were built, in doing so it will be more clear what caused various unintended consequences. With production of cars increasing substantially in the early 20th century the idea of well maintained roads, or paved roads, began circulating. In 1895 there were 300 cars in the United States, and by 1905 there were 78,000, by 1914 there were 1.7 million automobiles. Although the number of vehicles in America was increasing dramatically, the number of paved roads stayed relatively low. The lack of roads led to Good Roads movements which sought to create reliable macadam paved roads throughout the United States. The first movement started in 1880 and lasted to 1921, originally for bicyclists, it had two separate parts; the first, from 1880 to 1900 and the second from 1900 to 1920. The former focused on building ... ... middle of paper ... ...mited the growth of cities. The interstates expanding into the rural areas of America did allow people to travel places easily, that would have been very difficult to navigate to in the past. Families began taking day trips from the city to the country in their new affordable cars. The expansion to rural areas increased the rate of suburbanization significantly, as well. Industries started to grow along the highways, and as job opportunities opened more and more people began moving out of the city. Studies showed that “counties with access to an interstate highway enjoyed economic and population growth.” Works Cited nationalatlas.gov. “Transportation of the United States.” Last modified January 14, 2013. Accessed May 19, 2014. http://www.nationalatlas.gov/transportation.html. Provides tons of information about America’s transportation system and highway data.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how the united states has evolved into a nation of intricate roads and major superhighways, which led to disagreements between locals and politicians.
- Explains that the lack of paved roads led to good roads movements which sought to create reliable macadam roads throughout the united states.
- Analyzes how norman bel geddes created futurama, a futuristic view of what the city could look like by 1960, at the 1939 worlds fair in new york city.
- Analyzes how the united states has evolved into a nation of intricate roads and major superhighways, which led to disagreements between locals and politicians.
- Explains that the lack of paved roads led to good roads movements which sought to create reliable macadam roads throughout the united states.
- Analyzes how norman bel geddes created futurama, a futuristic view of what the city could look like by 1960, at the 1939 worlds fair in new york city.
- Describes the dwight d. eisenhower national system of interstate and defense highways, the largest public works project in american history.
- Explains that nationalatlas.gov. “transportation of the united states.” last modified january 14, 2013.
- Analyzes how geddes recognized that the construction of roads was being heavily influence by political powers.
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- Interstate Highway Act Essayexplanatory essayMany mass construction projects in the history of the United States have had a major impact on the economy and culture; however, not many of these have had as large as an impact as the Interstate Highway Act of 1956. The Interstate Highway Act revolutionized the way that we think about highways today. The act created an extremely easy mode of transportation for people across the country. Not only was the Interstate Highway Act extremely helpful in making rural and urban transportation for normal people, but it also helped commercial businesses in increasing sales across the country. These businesses were now able to transport their goods cheaper and faster. The Interstate Highway Act was tremendously beneficial in regards to its economic, social, and cultural significance. The legislation was significant economically in the way that it promoted business and cut travel costs, it was significant socially in the way that it allowed people to see friends and family even if they did not live close, and it was significant culturally in the way that it allowed people to move out to the country for low costs in order to live a happier life.
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- Explains that the first federal-aid highway act of 1921 was for the purpose of increasing transportation efficiency of the military during and after world war i.
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- Explains that the interstate highway act of 1956 revolutionized the way that we think about highways. it was beneficial in terms of its economic, social, and cultural significance.
- Explains that the first federal-aid highway act of 1921 was for the purpose of increasing transportation efficiency of the military during and after world war i.
- Explains the interstate highway act of 1956's major impact on the united states economy.
- Explains that the interstate highway act of 1956 allowed industrial businesses to move out of the expensive city and into inexpensive rural areas while still maintaining the same profit.
- Explains how the interstate highway act of 1956 benefited the economy by increasing the employment rate.
- Explains how the interstate highway helped lower the unemployment rate and helped the united states economically and socially. people moving to suburban areas were establishing happy lives without living in expensive cities.
- Explains that the interstate highway act of 1956 set a new standard for car sales. the increase in automobile sales allowed people to become more independent of one another.
- Explains that the interstate highway act of 1956 was revolutionary in terms of economic and social significance, and had a large influence on the culture of the united states.
- Explains that the interstate highway act of 1956 had a major impact on the cultural, economic, and social aspects of society.
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- Analyzes how christopher wells' book car country: an environmental history depicts the relationship between the world and motor vehicles.
- Explains that there are four sections in the book that cover about two decades each. part one covers how rural and urban reformers had campaigned for better roads.
- Explains how mr. wells analyzes "the dawn of the motor age" and how european engineers redesigned their automobiles for rough american roads.
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- Explains that the 1850s saw a fantastic peak in the immigration of europeans to america, and they quickly flocked to cities where they could form communities and find work.
- Explains that immigrants were attracted to the new cities because of the culture and conveniences that were unavailable to rural communities. without the increase in immigration, cities would have expanded at lethargic rates due to a decreasing fertility rate and high rate of infant mortality.
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- Analyzes how tammany hall, the democratic political machine in new york, is a fantastic example of this form of urban government in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
- Analyzes how george washington plunkitt, a powerful "practical politics" expert, went from cart driver to new york senator thanks to the opportunities provided by machine politics.
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- Explains that the transportation revolution did not affect most rural roads until the twentieth century. antebellum investors were reluctant to risk money on transportation improvements in the mountains because of the high cost of construction and limited potential for commerce.
- Explains that the balance of the pre-industrial appalachian economy was the family farm, which offered full support and substance for mountain families.
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823 wordsRead More - The Great American Expansionexplanatory essayIn the early nineteenth century the nation’s highways were the waterways such as rivers and canals. These means of travel were effective to an extent, but were limited by their permanent routes. The situation with the United States was that there was a thin population spread out over an enormous country, with long distances between major cities. Business owners and the government were looking for ways to improve economic chances. Cheap efficient land transportation was an essential need of the industrial revolution because the existing road transportation by wagon was just simply too slow.
In this essay, the author
- Explains how the railroad system helped the united states flourish in the late nineteenth century. the push to build railroads began in 1830s and continued into the 1870s.
- Explains that in the early nineteenth century, the nation's highways were waterways, but were limited by their permanent routes. cheap efficient land transportation was an essential need of the industrial revolution.
- Explains that england was the first country to have railroads. the united states imported england's technology for the railways in the 1930s and became self-reliable.
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- Explains that england was the first country to have railroads. the united states imported england's technology for the railways in the 1930s and became self-reliable.
- Explains that in the early railroading days of america, the market was unregulated. this gave opportunities for "robber barons" to make millions by raising the prices by small amounts.
- States that the first american railroads started in the 1830s from the eastern ports of boston, new york, philadelphia, wilmington, charleston, and savannah. by the 1950s, nearly ten thousand miles of railroad track had already been laid out.
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- Explains that the transcontinental railroad was the first transportation network across the entire country and brought the nation together after the civil war.
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- Explains that the railroads rushed the united states ahead of the world technologically and economically.
- Explains how the railroads helped farmers, as they could send their crops to surrounding cities faster and better, all the way to the other side of the country. post-civil war, army soldiers were used to run trains.
- Explains how the number of factories increased in the nineteenth century, creating jobs while boosting the american economy.
- Explains that the united states was in dire need to adapt and advance in the nineteenth century. the construction and use of railroads helped change the way of american life.
- Cites cooley, mcintyre, and clarke, curtis. the american railway.
- Cites crandall, john, and withuhn, bill. american railroads in the 20th century.
1735 wordsRead More - Transformation of Iowaexplanatory essay...ecause people were able to travel to nearby towns for care. This enabled growth in communities because the need and want for services began to grow. For towns along a railway there was significant growth, but there were major positive changes for the state as a whole. Transportation development had a major role in the economic expansion of Iowa.
In this essay, the author
- Describes how iowa was transformed into a fully functioning state by the pioneers because they saw something wonderful about the land and all of the opportunities that it could bring.
- Describes how european settlers began to push the indian tribes off of their land. the treaty of 1804 led to the blackhawk war because harrison convinced the native americans to sign the treaty.
- Explains that iowa underwent many political changes before becoming independent. from 1821 to 1834, the land was considered lawless, because they were not under any government jurisdiction.
- Describes how iowa was transformed into a fully functioning state by the pioneers because they saw something wonderful about the land and all of the opportunities that it could bring.
- Describes how european settlers began to push the indian tribes off of their land. the treaty of 1804 led to the blackhawk war because harrison convinced the native americans to sign the treaty.
- Explains that iowa underwent many political changes before becoming independent. from 1821 to 1834, the land was considered lawless, because they were not under any government jurisdiction.
- Explains that iowa became part of the territory of michigan from 1834-1836. the capital was 600 miles away and michigan was in the process of gaining statehood.
- Explains how the northwest ordinance helped shape iowa's statehood. it laid out the rules for becoming a state.
- Explains that robert lucas served as the first territorial governor of iowa. he was overwhelmed from the beginning of his appointment because in 1838 the land sales began.
- Explains that the statehood proposal was shot down, and the following year an election was held in favor of it. the second territorial governor, john chambers, was in favour with robert lucas.
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- Explains that the railroad system had a great impact on the economy of iowa, but it also had many other great benefits.
- Explains that iowa became a fully functioning state because of the first settlers who saw the true beauty in it. the railroad system brought the biggest economic change to the state.
1081 wordsRead More - The History of the Automobileexplanatory essay...hing, more prominent than the effect on the farms. The automobile has radically changed city life by accelerating the outward expansion of population into the suburbs. The suburban trend is emphasized by the fact that highway transportation encourages business and industry to move outward to sites where land is cheaper, where access by car and truck is easier than in crowded cities, and where space is available for their one or two story structures. Better roads were constructed, which further increased travel throughout the nation. As with other automobile-related phenomena, the trend is most noticeable in the United States but is rapidly appearing elsewhere in the world.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that european engineers began tinkering with motor powered vehicles in the late 1800's. electric cars were popular, but they didn't stay in production past the first decade of the 20th century.
- Explains that automobile production began in france in 1890, and commercial production in the united states began at the beginning of the 1900s.
- Explains that the first automobile produced for the masses in the us was the three-horsepower, curved-dash oldsmobile; 425 of them were sold in 1901 and 5,000 in 1904.
- Explains that european engineers began tinkering with motor powered vehicles in the late 1800's. electric cars were popular, but they didn't stay in production past the first decade of the 20th century.
- Explains that automobile production began in france in 1890, and commercial production in the united states began at the beginning of the 1900s.
- Explains that the first automobile produced for the masses in the us was the three-horsepower, curved-dash oldsmobile; 425 of them were sold in 1901 and 5,000 in 1904.
- Explains how the automobile became popular in north america and europe because it gave travelers freedom to travel when they wanted. henry ford paid his workers enough to purchase the cars they were manufacturing, helping push wages and auto sales upward.
- Explains that the popularity of automobiles has moved with the state of the economy, growing during the boom period after world war i and dropping abruptly in the great depression.
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- Analyzes how the automobile has radically changed city life by accelerating the outward expansion of population into the suburbs. the trend is most noticeable in the united states but is rapidly appearing elsewhere.
- Explains that the growth of suburbs has allowed people to live on the outskirts of the city and be able to work by commuting. fast food, city/highway construction, state patrol/police, convenience stores, gas stations, auto repair shops, etc.
1083 wordsRead More - Age of the Automobileanalytical essayWithin the past century, the automobile have had a large impact on cities. One of the effects of the automobile that people don't always think about is the formation of suburbs. Suburbs began being built heavily in the 19th and 20th centuries. “Levittown was the first pre-fabricated community, it was built in 1949.” (Automobile in American Life). Levittown was the first of the largest mass produced suburbs. Cars allowed for people to live outside of the city and still be able to commute to work. This greatly reduced city crowding. The expansion of city boundaries required an expansion of roadways. Highways and Interstates were formed because of this. Highways allowed for travel between cities and interstate allowed for travel across state lines. (Automotive History). Along with this new expansion came new opportunities. Some of these opportunities include drive-in movie theaters and restaurants, drive-thru banks and restaurants, motels, and convenience stores. 7 Eleven was the first extended hour convenience store (Impact of the Automobile). This impacted american culture and travel greatly. It was the first store with extended hours. The new hours were from 7 am - 11pm. That in fact, is how the store got its name (7 Eleven). Motels p...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the automobile is considered one of the greatest inventions of all time. cities changed, jobs formed, and the environment was impacted.
- Explains the impact of the automobile on cities. suburbs were built in the 19th and 20th centuries.
- Explains that the rise of the automotive industry created many new jobs and the economy was boosted due to the increase of production.
- Explains that the automobile is considered one of the greatest inventions of all time. cities changed, jobs formed, and the environment was impacted.
- Explains the impact of the automobile on cities. suburbs were built in the 19th and 20th centuries.
- Explains that the rise of the automotive industry created many new jobs and the economy was boosted due to the increase of production.
- Argues that the automobile has had a negative effect on the environment but the argument can go either way.
- Explains why the automobile is considered one of the greatest inventions due to the continuous impact on the lives of people.
- Cites automobile in american life and society, automotive history, encyclopedia smithsonian: early cars: fact sheet for children, 7-eleven.
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In this essay, the author
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- Explains that the federal government spends a shade under four billion dollars annually for interest, debt retirement, expansion, administration, and operation.
- Explains that the federal government spends annually on past wars and the national defense approximately two and three-quarter billion dollars. the railroads for the ten years preceding the present depression paid their employees nearly three billion dollar annually.
- Analyzes the importance of the railroad industry and its vital role in the economic and social life of this nation. the inability of railroads and the public to get along provides another interesting and perhaps no less important phase.
- Explains that the federal government spends a shade under four billion dollars annually for interest, debt retirement, expansion, administration, and operation.
- Explains that the federal government spends annually on past wars and the national defense approximately two and three-quarter billion dollars. the railroads for the ten years preceding the present depression paid their employees nearly three billion dollar annually.
- Explains that the railroads spent one and one-third billion dollars on steel, fuel, forest products, ballast, and cement. they paid an annual tax bill ranging from $300,000,000 to $400,000,000.
- Opines that railroad mileage throughout the nation is nearly, if not indeed adequate at the present time.
- Explains that the frontiers left for railroads to develop are along scientific and engineering lines and in more efficient management and improved relations with the public.
- Explains that railroad men functioned effectively when given authority. they learned more about improved methods during this period than they had learned in the previous generation because they were free to function.
- Analyzes how the threat of government ownership helped railroads establish economies and efficiency undreamed of twenty years before. they cut operating expenses over two million dollars a day and moved more ton miles of freight than ever before in the history of railroading.
- Opines that railway managers have demonstrated great capacity for handling the intensive cultivation job which lies ahead of them on the scientific and engineering frontiers of rail transportation.
- Opines that since the nation is adequately crisscrossed with railroads, the present and future railroad problem will be to secure sufficient service at fair rates under proper regulation.
- Opines that the lack of understanding between the railroads and the public today comes from the long-range planning necessary on the part of them if they are to continue as a successful enterprise.
- Compares the functioning of the american railway association's car service division with the situation before it was created.
- Opines that the railroads are now facing hard days and facing harder ones. new forms of competition threaten the effective existence of the railways.
- Opines that the railroads will weather this storm, will meet their competition successfully. they have been able to live only by surmounting their difficulties.
- Explains that america is mighty because it is one and indissoluble, rich because each portion of it has been permitted with the help of adequate and reasonably economical transportation to develop its own natural resources.
- Explains that the railroads in the united states made modern business possible and fostered it. the transportation systems carried intelligence as well.
- Opines that the railroads are now advancing with the help of science and engineering and keen social understanding. adversity has brought about a community of effort, broadened conception of purpose, and better use of the forces of enlightenment.
- Cites bernstein, marver h, carson, robert b, nelson, james c., and robyn, dorothy.
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In this essay, the author
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- Analyzes how tom lewis goes back and forth between the good and bad that came about from building highways, but realizes the great achievement it is in the building of america.
- Opines that lewis could have done better at giving the reader a before-hand history of what life and transportation was like before the spread of the automobile.
- Explains that public transportation has played a major role in the development of the united states and in bringing its citizens together. lewis believes that the interstates represent america's glory and meanness.
- Analyzes how tom lewis goes back and forth between the good and bad that came about from building highways, but realizes the great achievement it is in the building of america.
- Opines that lewis could have done better at giving the reader a before-hand history of what life and transportation was like before the spread of the automobile.
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- Explains that the north american transportation system is run by several different agencies, each with its own important role in making it run smoothly and efficiently.
- Explains that the saint lawrence seaway development corporation (slsdc) is responsible for the safe and efficient movement of marine traffic through the u.s. owned and operated facilities.
- Explains what is a freight broker and the us transportation marketplace.
- Explains that the north american transportation system is run by several different agencies, each with its own important role in making it run smoothly and efficiently.
- Explains that the maritime administration maintains the national defense reserve fleet (ndrf) as a ready source of ships for use during national emergencies. the national highway traffic administration enforces federal motor vehicle safety standards.
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- Describes the truck, rail, water, air, and water totals for 2007 and 2040.
- Explains that the statistics above show trucks carry the most freight in the u.s. the freight broker industry helps carriers locate and fill their trucks with freight that matches asset’s geographic location thereby maximizing profitability
- Opines that good freight brokerages help keep the freight moving, by working for both shippers and carriers.
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In this essay, the author
- Explains how henry ford built the first model t in 1908, which was too expensive for all but the rich. he also created a middle class, suburbs, and highways.
- Explains that henry ford's model t had a huge impact on america. before cars, transportation was difficult.
- Concludes that henry ford's model t has had a huge impact on america throughout the years.
- Explains how henry ford built the first model t in 1908, which was too expensive for all but the rich. he also created a middle class, suburbs, and highways.
- Explains that henry ford's model t had a huge impact on america. before cars, transportation was difficult.
- Concludes that henry ford's model t has had a huge impact on america throughout the years.
- Analyzes how ford's 1908 model t, the first mass-produced and affordable car, sparked the growth of highways, suburbs and the middle class itself.
568 wordsRead More - Evolution of Transitanalytical essayPopular perception and attitude towards public transportation in the U.S is as diverse as the country itself. Nevertheless, people’s attitude towards transit has been one of the important drivers of the evolution of urban transportation systems in America. The evolution of transit, from being the primary mode of transportation a century ago and thereafter declining into a highly marginalized mode in the recent years, is a reflection of the evolution of people’s preferences over time. The diversity of attitudes is a result of the diversity in the stakeholders of public transportation. The common public, or the citizens, form the dominant section of these stakeholders. However, socio-economic variations within this section create diverse opinions, experiences, and therefore preferences for transit development and service. The second set of stakeholders encompasses political representatives and administrators who may reinforce public opinion through policy development and implementation. The third section consists of businesses and interest groups. The opinions of each of these groups may be moderated by local culture and history and other collective belief systems.
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- Explains that people's attitudes towards public transportation in the u.s. are as diverse as the country itself.
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- Explains that recent efforts on bringing transit-friendly land uses and new network lines in several cities are mainly a reaction to growing concerns about traffic congestion and environmental quality.
- Explains that people's attitudes towards public transportation in the u.s. are as diverse as the country itself.
- Argues that current attitudes towards transit are shaped within a landscape that is conducive to owning and driving private automobiles.
- Explains that recent efforts on bringing transit-friendly land uses and new network lines in several cities are mainly a reaction to growing concerns about traffic congestion and environmental quality.
- Explains that public preferences are usually reflected in public policy, but political leadership could induce a change in these preferences. strong federal and state support to suburbanization and highway expansion may have indirectly catalyzed public attitudes towards transit.
- Explains that the third biggest stakeholders who affect attitudes towards transit are the businesses involved in transportation. the private sector players see transit as part of their market competition.
956 wordsRead More - Amerika Autobahn in Germanyanalytical essayBoarnet, Marlon G. "National Transportation Planning: Lessons from the U.S. Interstate Highways." National Transportation Planning: Lessons from the U.S. Interstate Highways. Elsevier Ltd., 2013. Web. 28 Mar. 2014.
In this essay, the author
- Opines that an autobahn-like system in america teaches future generations not only maturity, but discipline and responsibility.
- Describes purcell's guide to getting around germany - the autobahn.
- Argues that the autobahn is not a race track, where boorish drivers can risk not only their lives but those of other drivers.
- Opines that an autobahn-like system in america teaches future generations not only maturity, but discipline and responsibility.
- Describes purcell's guide to getting around germany - the autobahn.
- Argues that the autobahn is not a race track, where boorish drivers can risk not only their lives but those of other drivers.
- Explains the national highway traffic safety administration's early estamation of motor vehicle fatalities for the first nine months of 2013.
- Explains jaffe, eric, and boarnet, marlon g. national transportation planning: lessons from the u.s. interstate highways.
920 wordsRead More