The Doctrine of the Indefinite Terms in the Ancient Commentators of Aristotle
ABSTRACT: The ancient commentaries on Aristotle's Peri Hermeneias (De Interpretatione) give us important elements to understand more clearly some difficult passages of this treatise. In the case of the indefinite names and verbs (i.e. 'not-man', and 'does not recover', respectively), these commentaries reveal a doctrine which explains not only the nature of the indefinites, but also why Aristotle introduces these kinds of term in Peri Hermeneias. The coherence and explanatory capacity of this doctrine is entirely absent in modern exegesis of Peri Hermeneias. This fact has important implications: it can make us to think whether there will be another topics in which the ancient commentators are still indispensable to understand Aristotle. It can also make us to think to what extent a profounder reflection of the ancient commentators can modify our idea of Aristotle and the ancient world.
I.
The labour of translation of and comment on the ancient interpreters of Aristotle, which in our days have been edited by Professor R. Sorabji,(1) has put modern readers in contact with new dimensions of Aristotle's thought. In these ancient commentaries, many of the traditional and well-known doctrines of Aristotle find not only theoretical basis, but also a number of obscure and condensed texts reach an important and valuable elucidation and explanation.
The subject-matter that I would like to discuss today is a sample of how these commentators can still contribute to understand Aristotle. I would like to warn, however, that the theme of the indefinite terms is especially illustrative of what I indicate, for the modern comments on this topic have been made without a profounder consideration of the ancient teaching. In my opinion, however, a more reliable and complete explanation about this difficult subject is to be found in the analysis of the ancient view.
II.
The commentaries of Boethius(2) and Ammonius son of Hermeias(3) contain in a slightly different manner the ancient doctrine of indefinite names and verbs. They explain some questions whose answers are not evident in Aristotle's Peri Hermeneias (= PeriH.):(4) namely, (i) why does Aristotle introduce indefinite names and verbs after defining name and verb? I.e. Why does Aristotle consider adequate to define expressions like 'not-man', 'does not recover', etc., once he has defined 'man' and 'recovers' as name and verb respectively? Even more, (ii) why does Aristotle in Chapter 10 of PeriH. leave indefinite verbs aside and introduces only indefinite names in simple (= categorical) propositions?
In the novel Flight Behavior, by Barbara Kingsolver, we come across many topics we can derive from the book. As we read the novel one of the main topics we came across was Monarch Butterflies. We learned numerous things about these Butterflies throughout our reading. One of the numerous things was how to tell the difference between male Butterflies to female ones. In our paper, we will be giving great detail on the difference between the male and female butterflies based on the research that we have done.
As the early 1900’s passed other images of nursing were synthesised. The doctor’s handmaiden arose approxima...
The Monarch (http://www.monarch-butterfly.com/butterfly) is the king of its jungle! Most people believe this since its name is “monarch.” Some say it’s the most beautiful of all the butterflies. These butterflies are mostly active in February and March, coming out of hibernation and trying to find a mate. In March and April, Monarch eggs are laid on milkweed plants. The Monarch and milkweed plants have a very dependent relationship.
Gakuran, Michael. "Aristotle’s Moral Philosophy | Gakuranman • Adventure First." Gakuranman Adventure First RSS. N.p., 21 May 2008. Web.
According to Bureau of Justice Assistance (1994), "Community policing is, in essence, a collaboration between the police and the community that identifies and solves community problems. With the police no longer the sole guardians of law and order, all members of the community become active allies in the effort to enhance the safety and quality of neighborhoods.” Community policing is evaluated by two means: the community it services and
I have identified a Butterfly and Dragonfly, classed within the orders of Lepidoptera and Odonta.
Community Oriented Policing (COP) is a concept that involved offering personalized policing services that are closer to the people and that involve a proactive partnership with the citizens (Pontiac Police Department, 2008). This concept enables a closer collaboration between the police and citizens in identifying and solving problems. The focus of COP is not on responding to crime but is rather on preventing crimes and solving community problems. COP is based on the philosophy that, the police and citizens should partner and combine their efforts to solve contemporary challenges facing the society. The main aim of COP is to reduce the rate of crime and fear among communities. COP recognizes that community involvement in law enforcement issues is very vital in achieving significant progress in the fight against crime (Pontiac Police Department, 2008). Community participation provides the police with a new perspective of crime and means for controlling crimes. While without community participation, the police may remain fighting the handle of respondi...
The. The "Aristotle". Home Page English 112 VCCS Litonline. Web. The Web.
Individuals continuously analyze Aristotle’s works and presumably will continue in the following generations. However, the works of Aristotle may be tricky to understand. Yet this analysis of Aristotle’s explanations of ignorance and willingness should be better understood after this
Community-oriented policing can be described as a collaboration between the police and the community that identifies and solves community problems (Thayer & Reynolds, 2002). With the police, no longer the sole guardians of law and order, all members from the community become active allies in the effort to enhance the safety and quality of neighborhoods. However, it should be noted community-oriented policing is mostly targeting those criminal activities that are considered minor such as those of issues of drugs and juvenile delinquency. The effectiveness of the programs has come into question in the recent past. This paper is going to suggest various strategies and approaches that would help the organization meet their goals and how the community-oriented
Community policing has emerged since the 1970s as an increasingly important strategy for controlling and preventing crime and enhancing community safety. It is both a philosophy and an organizational strategy that allows the police and the community to work closely together in creative ways to solve the problems of crime, drugs, fear of crime, physical and social disorder, neighborhood decay, and the overall quality of life in the community. Community policing is difficult to define. Although it does not have a single definition, there are many elements of community policing.
17, No. 3, p. 252-259. Urmson, J.O., (1988). Aristotle’s Ethics (Blackwell), ch.1. Wilkes, K.V., (1978). The Good Man and the Good for Man in Aristotle’s Ethics. Mind 87; repr.
Butcher, S.H. The Poetics of Aristotle trans. Pennsylvania State University: The Electronic Classic Series, Copyright 2000-2013. Web. 24 February 2014.
It balances reactive responses with proactive problem solving focused on a crime's specific origin. The goal of community policing is to join together police forces with the public it serves, to identify and address crime issues. This allows for the solving of immediate conditions leading to public safety issues (Ray 2014). Rather than only responding to emergency calls and arresting criminals, police officers are able to expose the motives of crime and disorder. There are three main elements in community policing including partnerships, problem-solving, and organizational
The researchers, based at George Mason University, Arizona State University, Hebrew University and the University of South Wales, sought to better understand the effects of community-oriented policing on crime, disorder, fear, and citizen satisfaction with and trust in the