The Development of the American Conservation Movement
John Muir helped the development of the American conservation movement during the late nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century. The creation of the National Park Service, the creation of several major national parks, including Yosemite National Park and the creation of the Sierra Club were all because of John Muir. In the late nineteenth century America was in a stage of expansion and economic development that used as well as threatened much of the natural world. Much of the economic development was in the form of industrialization that took its toll of the environment with both its consumption of natural resources as well pollution. This expansion and economic development had adverse consequences on the environment of the United States. During this time of development many became aware of the damage being done to the natural world and attempted to prevent or limit this damage being done. It is during this time of both industrialization and spiritual awakening that the conservation movement arose with one of its most famous activists, John Muir.
John Muir believed that for the future of America that the natural world should be protected. Muir felt that the environment of much of the United States was not protected properly and the locations that were protected were not managed adequately. Muir felt that Americans had much to gain from the protection of their national resources and park lands. In John Muir’s book Our National Parks, written in 1901 he states: “Awakening from the stupefying effects of the vice of over-industry and the deadly apathy of luxury, they are trying as best they can to mix and enrich their own...
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.... The conservation movement had grown and spread as a result of the industrialization of America. John Muir became a leader of this movement to protect the natural world for all generations. His outspoken actions were major influences in the protection of many national parks as well as the formal arrangement of the National Park System which today still protects our natural world.
[i] John Muir, Our National Parks. ( Boston, New York: Houghton Milffin Company, 1901)pg.1.
2 John Muir, My First Summer in the Sierras. ( Boston, New York: Hougnton, Milffin Company, 1911)pg,138.
3 Henry Thoreau, Excursions. (Boston: Ticker and Fields, 1863)pg.41.
4 Gifford Pinchot. The Fight for Conservation.(New York: Doubleday,Page and Company, 1910) Summary
5 John Muir, My First Summer in the Sierras. ( Boston, New York: Houghton, Milffin Company, 1911)pg.196.
The rise of conservation was first populated by Theodore Roosevelt in the late 19th century. And the issues surrounding conservation had risen in the US around that time. The new understanding affects the country and its policies. Conservation is a careful preservation and protection of something; especially: planned management of a natural resource to prevent exploitation, destruction, or neglect.(Merriam-Webster) The causes of rising conservation include overhunting, recognizing its importance. These newfound awarenesses resulted in new policies that preserve for everyone equally.
John Muir: John Muir also known as "John of the Mountains", was a Scottish-American naturalist, author, environmental philosopher and early advocate of preservation of wilderness in the United States and was the founder of the Sierra Club.
Social problems of the 1900s included conservation of wildlife and forest, the creation national monuments, immigration, and child labor. President Roosevelt firmly believed that America’s forest should be preserved and cared for (Kelley 66). President Roosevelt once said, "We have fallen heirs to the most glorious heritage a people ever received, and each one must do his part if we wish to show that the nation is worthy of its good fortune." ("Theodore Roosevelt and Conservation") Meaning we should care for nature and wildlife, because it is a gift to us. He still hunted and was often put down for it (Kelley 68). One time he refused to shoot an elderly bear and later a stuffed bear toy was developed and named after him as the “Teddy Bear.” (Kelley 68). The National Conservation Commission was formed as a result of a conservation conference in May 1908(Kelley 69). President Roosevelt is also responsible for creating 18 national monuments, one being the Grand Canyon, which was declared a national monument on January 11, 1908 ("Miller Center"). America also saw a record number of immigrants from 1900-1910. Around 8,796,000 people immigrated to America in search of “the American Dream.” (Woog 32). ...
The purpose of this paper is to inform you about John Muir and his effect on America's national forests. He was a Scottish American and was born in Dunbar, UK on April 21, 1838. He arrived in the U.S in 1868 when he was 30 years of age. John Muir was one of the most influential naturalists in the world. If it wasn't for John Muir we probably would not have the national park known as Yosemite. Some of his goals in the U.S. were the preservations of the national forests. He was an environmental philosopher and did well for the U.S. national parks. John Muir founded the Sierra Club, an American organization and the 211-mile trail called the Sierra Nevada was named in his honor.(John Muir, wikipedia)
Not many people know of the used-to-be 150-mile excursion that the Glen Canyon had to offer. Not many people know how to sail a raft down a river for a week. Not many people know how to interact with nature and the animals that come with it. We seem to come from a world that is dependent on time and consumed in money. Edward Abbey is what you would call an extreme environmentalist. He talks about how it was an environmental disaster to place a dam in which to create Lake Powell, a reservoir formed on the border of Utah and Arizona. He is one of the few that have actually seen the way Glen Canyon was before they changed it into a reservoir. Today, that lake is used by over a million people, and is one of the biggest recreation hot spots in the western United States.
As far as I am concerned, we need to prepare for the flight very well every time. We need to choose an alternate airport ,it is very important.
John Muir, the famous naturalist, reinforced these beliefs in his reporting of problems of overgrazing of the Yosemite meadows, the logging of the sequoia, and other damage.
Pinchot become known at the time as the man who saved U.S. forests. He introduced sustained-yield forestry---cutting no more in a year than the forests could produce new growth. Pinchot’s goal was to show private landowners that they could too can harvest trees without damaging the forest and graze livestock without denuding the range. He is known for reforming the management and development of forests in the U.S. Pinchot believed that it was important for people to depend on natural resources, and conservation must be utilitarian. The conservation movement was movement for all people and all people should control resources, not only few businesses. Pinchot believed in Government interference and regulation. He says, “The obvious and certain remedy is for the government to hold and control the public range until it can pass into hands of settlers who will make their homes upon it” (292). I like that he wants to get everybody’s attention and make them responsible for the future by saying,” The vast possibilities of our great future will become realities only if we make ourselves, in a sense, responsible for the future. The planned and orderly development and conservation of our natural resources is the first duty of the United States” (293).
The Conservationist, the explorer, the author, and one of the first people in the United states to want to stand up to preserve nature, John Muir was a pinnacle in the conservation movement, and he had an enormous impact on peoples outlook on the environment long after his time on this Earth. John Muir was one of the worlds first environmental activists. His actions helped to preserve places like Sequoia National Park, Yosemite Valley, and countless other wilderness areas. John Muir co-founded one of the most influential, and successful conservation organizations in the United States, which is still very influential to this day (Encyclopedia of Biography, 2010). Muir has been immortalized in the United states and around the world by having places like John Muir Trail, Muir Woods National Monument, Muir Beach, John Muir College, Camp Muir, and Muir Glacier all named after him in his honor (Wenk 2007).
As we all know, safety is fundamental to the aviation industry. There are many factors will cause dangerous to flights, such as human factors, problem of aircraft structures and so on. Flight safety has many challenges. Due to the climate variability and suddenness, meteorology has become a severe problem in aviation. Many air crashes are in the result of bad weather. In generally speaking, there are several weather phenomenon have much influence on flights, like turbulence, including clear air turbulence, thunderstorms, icing, volcanic ash. People have spent a lot of energy in predicting and avoiding these weather problems. According to the NASA Langley Research Center, in the 1970s and 1980s, multiple aviation accidents were attributed to wind shear phenomenon. So it is important for us to know its causes and features so that we can predict it more accurate to ensure the aviation safety. This essay will firstly introduce the definitions of microburst and wind shear, and the relations between them. Following this, it will explain these weather phenomenon’s effects on flight and discuss some air crash cases. Finally it will look at the approaches to avoiding microburst and wind shear from different aspects in order to keep the flights’ safety. As we all know ,a good pilot is not the pilot who survive in a bad situation ,if a pilot take chance to do something with bad weather ,the pilot is not profession .I think a good pilot is the person that he can make a good decision to decide to fly or cancel the flight .Most of the experience captions will not take any risk to doing missions with the bad weather ,such as the microburst or the wind shear ,it is stupid ,so we should know the weather conditio...
How the particular weather phenomenon can be avoided? How it's observed, reported and predicted? And how pilots get informed about it in the atmosphere or on the ground?
Environmental conditions play a vital part in aviation as a whole. Much planning goes into a flight based on the current and forecast weather conditions for safety reasons. Accidents have occurred due to flying in bad weather such as thunderstorms with low level wind sheer, lightning, hale, icing conditions and poor visibility. Poor weather especially icing can be very dangerous to flight but most accidents can be avoided if the right precautions are taken to avoid potential bad weather situations. I will take a closer look at icing conditions on aircraft and give examples of icing related accidents
In March 1903 Yosemite Valley California John Muir and President Roosevelt had a goal to help preserve nature. John Muir wanted the president’s help saving these beautiful parks. Roosevelt joined Muir for the journey and headed to Yosemite Valley in California. John Muir and Roosevelt’s goal was to preserve nature writing this was proven in the text.
These books would had change the views of others about nature. Due to my books like The Yosemite, people thought of preserving the Sierra Nevada and later advocate for national parks. This would spur the idea to preserve nature and to view differently towards nature. However one of my biggest contributions for fighting for the environment was by talking to Theodore Roosevelt. After hiking and camping with him through the Sierra Nevada, he took a liking of me. We talked about our beliefs about nature and the secrets that it told. This made Theodore Roosevelt more conscious about rights for the environment. Due to our camping trip, he made acts for preserving the most important issues in America in the early 20th century. The Roosevelt’s act would preserve nature through national parks. This would be one of the greatest acts passed through Theodore Roosevelt presidency due to my views of nature. To protect national parks, the United States Forest Service was formed. This service would spur more national parks and would spread my beliefs. If I didn’t talk to Theodore Roosevelt about my concerns, the conservation movement wouldn’t had such a big
Technology has effectively improved the predictions and understanding of very serious natural disasters and storms. Radars and Satellites have greatly helped scientists predict the pathways of storms and weather fronts. Due to the advancement of technology scientists have started to learn and understand the devilments and anatomies of the most feared natural disasters such as Hurricanes, Tornadoes, and Snowstorms. Scientist’s predictions and discoveries have helped the public get into a safer location. Weather technology advanced and is continuing to improve to help prevent casualties and economic loses. Weather Technology has came a long way from the pioneering days of storm predictions, If the technology continues to improve there is a great possibility that the public will become more prepared and damages will be at a minimum.