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Nature of competitive advantage
Nature of competitive advantage
Nature of competitive advantage
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Abstract
One of the key priorities of governments internationally is to ensure that they
will be able to develop the necessary mechanisms for the increase of their
countries’ competitiveness in the international community. In this case, the
increase of competitiveness is related with the increase of the power of the
country to intervene in political issues of high importance; it is also related with
the improvement of the country’s position in the global market. Information
technology is commonly used as a tool of the achievement of the above targets
(Xu et al., 2009, p.18); current study focuses on the potential role of information
system as a tool for achieving competitive advantage; reference is made to the
communication sector of Saudi Arabia. The research conducted for this study will
have two forms: qualitative and quantitative – including the review of the relevant
literature but also a survey; in this way, it is expected that the findings will reflect
– as possible – the actual value of IT in increasing a country’s competitiveness.
1. Background
The continuous increase of competition in all industrial sectors has led to the
differentiation of strategic plans related with the development of organizational
performance; indeed, managers in most organizations have realized the need for
continuous update of organizational policies in order to respond to the changing
customer preferences and the market trends. Information systems is an important
element of success in all organizations worldwide; in fact, information systems
have been found to play a crucial role in the development of activities in the
4
context of both the private and the public sector. The main aspects of this role
have been identified i...
... middle of paper ...
...o. 4, 379-397
Service, R., Maddux, H., 1999. Building competitive advantage through
information systems: the organizational information quotient. Journal of
Information Science, Vol. 25, No. 1, 51-65
Shah, M., Clarke, S., 2009. E-Banking Management: Issues, Solutions, and
Strategies. Idea Group Inc (IGI)
Shamoo, A., Resnik, D., 2009. Responsible Conduct of Research. Oxford
University Press
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Stair, R., Reynolds, G., 2009. Principles of Information Systems. Cengage
Learning
World Bank. 2009. Information and Communications for Development 2009:
Extending Reach and Increasing Impact. World Bank Publications
Xu, J., Quaddus, M., 2009. E-Business in the 21st Century: Realities, Challenges
and Outlook. World Scientific
Yolles, M., 2009. Competitive advantage and its conceptual development - An
exploration. Business Information Review, Vol. 26, No. 2, 93-111
In response to the question set, I will go into detail of the study, consisting of the background, main hypotheses, as well the aims, procedure and results gathered from the study; explaining the four research methods chosen to investigate, furthering into the three methods actually tested.
This is better explained by the public servant knowing why he is doing the job and who it is benefiting, socially, and how he is impacting and making a change for the better in their own mind, personal. In the first two “chapters” of Caught between the Dog and the Fireplug, or How to
results of my fieldwork take into account the three disciplines that my literature review is
There is no individual owner in the Public Sector. Advantages: · Their main aim is to provide a service, not to make a profit · They will still run even if there is few people using the service · Government is in a good position to plan the overall provision for the country Disadvantages: · It is difficult to motivate employees in an impersonal business such as this · The tax payer has to meet higher tax payments if the business makes a loss · The running of the business can be politically influenced. Private Sector These are businesses owned and run by private people. To start a business in the Private Sector, they have to raise their own capital in order to pay for rent, stock, machinery etc. Some of these businesses can be small and owned and run by one person, other businesses can be larger and run by a group of people.
The main aim of public service is to deliver services that are of need to its people. How fast a public manager can address its people’s problem and concerns indicates its effectiveness. Responsiveness of the manager develops trust between him, the government, and the people. According to (Rainey, p106) bureaucratic responsiveness implies two things; responsiveness to the people’s wishes or responsiveness to the interest of the government.
...the data did not involve member checking thus reducing its robustness and enable to exclude researcher’s bias. Although a constant comparative method was evident in the discussion which improved the plausibility of the final findings. Themes identified were well corroborated but not declared was anytime a point of theoretical saturation Thus, the published report was found to be particularly strong in the area of believability and dependability; less strong in the area of transferability; and is weak in the area of credibility and confirmability, although, editorial limitations can be a barrier in providing a detailed account (Craig & Smyth, 2007; Ryan, Coughlan, & Cronin, 2007).
... Public sector... being engaged in the providing sevices (and in some cases goods) whose scope and variety are determined not by the direct wishes of the consumers, but by the the decisions of government bodies.
...r pillars of public administration are equally important in the process of public administration and complement one another in the provision of quality public service. When public administrators have economy in mind they focus on the best combination of available resources to provide optimum public service. To ensure that public service is not limited to only a section of the public, the issue of equity is taken into consideration so that public interest is realized. Efficiency and effectiveness additionally go hand in hand in ensuring that allocated resources are used in the best possible manner to attain set goals. Thus whereas the first three public administration pillars – Economy, efficiency and effectiveness are concerned with how public service is provided the fourth and most recent addition (Equity) concerns with for whom public service is provided.
According to Sapru R.K. (2008) p370-371 the traditional ideal of public administration which inclined to be firm and bureaucratic was based on processes instead of outcomes and on setting procedures to follow instead of focusing on results. This paradigm can be regarded as an administration under formal control of the political control, constructed on a firmly ranked model of bureaucracy, run by permanent and neutral public servants, driven only by public concern. In emerging nations the administration was true bureaucracy meaning government by officers. In this perspective Smith (1996) p235-6 perceived that“the bureaucracy controls and manages the means of production through the government. It increases chances for bureaucratic careers by the creation of public figures,demanding public managers, marketing boards.
ICT has revolutionized the world especially in commerce, education and socialization. It has reduced the world into a small global village. This has been facilitated by the greatest innovation in the information and communication technology (ICT): the internet. Since its innovation, there have been many benefits and opportunities that have been realized from different quotas including; education sector, business sector, health sector, communication sector and transport sector among others. Many organizations in these and other sectors have in one way or another adopted the use of the internet so as to enhance their services, processes and products. In addition, the use of ICT has become one of the factors that add to competitive advantage and thus every other organization wants to gain this competitive edge against other organizations: including Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Public Managers are uniquely positioned to positively affect policy process due to their tenure, job security, absence of political pressure and expanded role in the society. The
Traditional public administration is traced back to the works of scholars like Max Weber, Woodrow Wilson and Fredrick Taylor. This form of administration was mostly influenced by Max Weber with his bureaucratic model and theory. Max Weber was a well-known sociologist born in Germany in the year 1864. He came up with his bureaucratic model as a way to try to improve management in organizations. ‘Weber emphasized on top-down control in the form of monocratic hierarchy that is a system of control in which policy is set at the top and carried out through a series of offices, whereby every manager and employee are to report to one person in top management and held accountable by that manager’ (Pfiffner, 2004, p. 1).
The study of public administration only continued to grow over the course of the next two decades. As the study of public administration expanded, so did the development of s...
...tions are made in the light of the findings from the study survey outlined in these articles.
Public personnel administration consists of three general systems. The first one I’ll talk about is civil service. The civil service helps to protect employee rights and safeguard efficiency. Historically, personnel administration shifted from emphasizing the value of responsiveness to emphasizing political neutral competence among public employees. Before they would use the spoils system and the patronage system, which selected employees and awarded government contracts based on loyalty or party affiliation. In this present day, we are using more of the civil service system, which is a method of choosing employees based on certain formal qualifications such as competitive exams instead of political patronage. It all start...