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boom and bust american history
natural disasters and their effects
natural disasters and their effects
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The phrase “History repeats itself” is a commonly used paradigm when it comes to events that happen in a repetitive notion. The recession that has recently been witnessed by the millions is a great example of history repeating itself. How did it happen, did we know it was going to happen, and was there anything that could have been done to prevent it? There are a multitude of questions that could be asked, with the most important of them all, will it happen again? In just the past two hundred years, the United States has seen “Black Friday” in 1869, “The Great Depression” in 1929, and the most current recession of 2009. Recessions, depressions, inflation, economic boom, these are all terms used to describe the financial events that have taken place in the United States as far back as 1819. Known as the first major recession, an economic boom took place just after the war of 1812. According to an article in American History Magazine, most recessions that the US has seen last an average of 10 months, and reoccur on average every 4.6 years. It has become a cycle, a business cycle, one that we will most likely see several times over again during our time. These events among others that deal with financial crisis, weather it be a loss of stock or inflation of goods, have had a tremendous effect on our country, and is believed that it will happen again. . In the first recorded recession, it is stated that lenders were pretty free with lending money for the purchase of land. When one of the lender banks went belly up, land values fell and property was soon lost to foreclosure. This is pretty common to what we have seen today. Again in 1837 the U.S sees yet another downturn, this time due to the fall of the cotton mar... ... middle of paper ... ...history shows, will continue. Works Cited Allen,Roy E.. Financial Crisis and recession in the Global Economy. 2 ed. Northhampton: Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc., 1999. Erickson, Justin. "Stock Market Crash of 1929: The Week that Broke the American Economy(2006), 2, http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/47662/stock_market_crash_of_1929_the_week_pg2.html?cat=37. (accessed April 7, 2010). Kennedy, Daivd M.. Freedom from Fear. The Oxford history of the United States. IX, The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945. C. Vann Woodward. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. P 51 Mandel, Susan. "Hard Times." Nine recessions that give these times a little perspective, April 2010, p 63. Murphy, PH.D,Robert P. The Politically Incorrect Guide to The Great Depression and the New Deal. Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing, Inc., 2009.
Levine, Linda. “The Labor Market During the Great Depression and the Current Recession”. 19 June 2009. 6 March 2010. < http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40655_20090619.pdf>.
Rosenburg, Jennifer. "The Stock Market Crash of 1929." About.com 20th Century History. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2014.
The Great Depression tested America’s political organizations like no other event in United States’ history except the Civil War. The most famous explanations of the period are friendly to Roosevelt and the New Deal and very critical of the Republican presidents of the 1920’s, bankers, and businessmen, whom they blame for the collapse. However, Amity Shlaes in her book, The Forgotten Man: A New History of the Great Depression, contests the received wisdom that the Great Depression occurred because capitalism failed, and that it ended because of Roosevelt’s New Deal. Shlaes, a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations and a syndicated financial columnist, argues that government action between 1929 and 1940 unnecessarily deepened and extended the Great Depression.
"The Great Depression." Current Events 105, no. 9 (November 4, 2005): 2. Canadian Points of View Reference Centre, EBSCOhost (accessed November 22, 2009).
McElvaine, Robert S, ed. Down and Out in the Great Depression: Letters from the Forgotten Man. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1983.
Cecchetti, Stephen G. "Understanding the Great Depression: Lessons for Current Policy ." Monetary Economics (1997): 1-26.
The United States first major economic recession was the Panic of 1819, which led to unemployment and a political debate over how to approach the economic plunge. This happened due to the fact that banks throughout the country failed as a result of irresponsible banking practices. American banks gave out huge loans for settlers trying to expand their land and businesses. Many of the loans the banks gave out were not formally issued. Countless Western banks were very negligent with offering discount rates on loans to clients. This led to the foreclosures of farms and widespread personal and business failures. When Americans lost most of their money people were left jobless and homeless with many businesses going under. Debates
Waggoner, John. "Is Today's Economic Crisis Another Great Depression?" USA Today. N.p., 4 Nov. 2008. Web. 7 Mar. 2014.
Klein, Maury. "The Stock Market Crash Of 1929: A Review Article." Business History Review 75.2 (2001): 325. Academic Search Complete. Web. 28 Mar. 2014.
Schultz, Stanley K., and William P. Tishler. "The Crash and the Great Depression." American History 102. 1999. Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System. 17 Oct. 2011 .
It can be argued that the economic hardships of the great recession began when interest rates were lowered by the Federal Reserve. This caused a bubble in the housing market. Housing prices plummeted, home prices plummeted, then thousands of borrowers could no longer afford to pay on their loans (Koba, 2011). The bubble forced banks to give out homes loans with unreasonably high risk rates. The response of the banks caused a decline in the amount of houses purchased and “a crisis involving mortgage loans and the financial securities built on them” (McConnell, 2012 p.479). The effect on the economy was catastrophic and caused a “pandemic” of foreclosures that effected tens of thousands home owners across the U.S. (Scaliger, 2013). The debt burden eventually became unsustainable and the U.S. crisis deepened as the long-term effect on bank loans would affect not only the housing market, but also the job market.
Looking back to the Carter and Reagan Administration’s, you can begin to see where the Recession originated from. Prior to the Reagan administration, the United States economy experienced a decade of rising unemployment and inflation. Political pressure favored stimulus resulting in an expansion of the money supply. Reagan wanted to increase defense spending while lowering taxes, Reagan's approach was a departure from his immediate predecessors. Reagan enacted lower marginal tax rates in combination with simplified income tax codes and continued deregulation. During Reagan's presidency the annual deficits averaged 4.2% of GDP after inheriting an annual deficit of 2.7% of GDP in 1980 under President Carter. The real
This feature begins with a poem by W. B. Yeats entitled, “The Second Coming”. It is a dark poem that aptly applies to the shrinking middle-class, the failing markets, and the increasing arguing of presidential candidates (Foroohar, 2011). Globally, there is a “double-dip” recession occurring (Foroohar, p. 28). Recession is defined as “a period of declining real incomes and rising unemployment” (Mankiw, 2012, p. 423). Certainly this tem applies in the American economy, where jobs are being shipped overseas at an alarming rate. Americans could take comfort in the fact that the economic troubles presently being experienced are also being experienced by other countries worldwide; if that were comforting.
In economics, a recession occurs when there is a slowdown in the spending of goods and services in the market. A recession causes a drop in employment, GDP growth, investment, as well as societal well-being. All recessions are caused by a specific cause, but the Great Recession of 2007-2009 was caused by a crash in the housing market. This crash was triggered by a steep decline in housing prices. All of a sudden, people bought houses because there was an excessive amount of money in the economy and they thought the price of houses would only increase. (Amadeo, 2012). There was a financial frenzy as the growing desire for homes expanded. People held a lot of faith in the economy and began spending irrationally on houses that they couldn’t afford. This led to overvalued estate and unsustainable mortgage debt. (McConnell, Brue, Flynn, 2012).
The United States economy is made up of many different factors. Economy is defined as the management of financial factors for a community, business, or family. The economy changes over time is caused by change of an increase in aggregate demand which is caused by an increase in consumption. An increase in consumption is caused by a rise in income levels, a decrease in interest rates, and/or inflation. Over time the economy will experience economic booms and economic dips. An example of an economic boom was after World one. New inventions, new skillsets, and the expanding banking industry allowed for economic growth. An example of an economic dip is the Great Depression. The effects were detrimental as it caused some of the highest rates of