Abstract— As the world began to raise concerns on climate change and rapid depletion of fossil fuels, there is a need to hasten the solutions for clean energy generation with renewable sources. Solar energy has the potential as an alternative source of energy as it is renewable, universally accessible and emits very low or zero CO2 gases. Solar photovoltaic (PV) system applications are suitable in Singapore due to its equatorial location, with high solar irradiation of 17MJ/sq.m-day and the ability to generate up to 220kWh of electricity per day in combination with the country’s high rise urbanization. Despite being a small nation, the energy consumption is 37,974.2 GWh and is ranked 53 out of 216 countries which lead to high CO2 emissions. In year 2005, the total CO2 emission in Singapore is 133.85 million metric tons, ranked at 41. The government in Singapore had begun to support the need for a cleaner environment by providing incentives for building of solar PV systems in commercial sectors; one example is the Solar Capability Scheme (SCS), which has a budget of $20 million, and subsidies 30% of the total cost of cap of S$1 million per PV project..
Index Terms— CO2 gas, Solar PV systems, Fossil fuels, Singapore, electrical energy
I. INTRODUCTION
Electrical energy is produced by combusting non-renewable fossil fuels [1] which are not infinite and will eventually be depleted. There are several models developed to calculate the depletion of fossil fuels but there are no definite answers on the actual date for depletion of fossil fuels due to constantly changing trends in consumption and reserves [2]. One of the models used for forecasting the diminishing rate of fossil fuels is the altered Klass equation as shown in Eq...
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...VII show that there is a need for solar applications in Singapore for a cleaner environment. With the strategic location along the sun belt with high solar irradiation makes Singapore a suitable place for solar PV systems deployment. Applying solar systems in Singapore enables the production of electricity without depending on fossil fuel combustions, hence, the ability to sustain the increasing electricity demands without having to worry about sudden increase in fuel prices. Lastly, with the support from government, more private sectors such as industries will be able to engage in renewable energy projects in buildings that will turn the energy consumers into energy generators.
AUTHORS
Low Y.S, is with the School of Electrical & Information Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Blvd, Mawson Lakes (e-mail: lowyy006@students.unisa.edu.au).
COMP09022 Network Design BSc COMPUTER NETWORKING COMP09022 ICMPv6 Prepared by B00270675 13-03- 2015 WORD COUNT (0000) TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE……………………………………………... 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………….. 2 INTRODUCTION TO THE REPORT……………………. 3 TABLE OF FEATURES.......................................................4
Semantically fossil fuels are a renewable source of energy, however given that it takes millions of years for the organic materials to be broken down and converted, it is wholly unrealistic to consider them as renewable. As the demand for fossil fuels increases and source diminish faster than they are replentished, the United States must work towards a renewable energy independent state using truly renable sources, both technically and in practice. With changes in the home, as consumers in buying goods and with alternative fuel sources backed by public trust and governmental involvement, the United States could drastically lessen its dependence on fossil fuels, foreign and domestic.
In 1908, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) predicted that the total future supply of U.S. oil would not exceed 23 billion barrels. In 1914, the U.S. Bureau of Mines predicted that only 5.7 billion barrels of oil remained. In 1920, the USGS proclaimed the peak in U.S. oil production was almost reached. In 1939, the Department of Interior declared that there was only 13 years of oil production remaining. In 1977, President Jimmy Carter claimed, “We are now running out of oil.” Despite these predictions, the U.S. has produced over 200 billion barrels of oil since the early 1900’s. (The Futurist, 1997)
Information and Software Technology Years 7–10: Syllabus. (2003, June). Retrieved April 10, 2014, from http://www.boardofstudies.nsw.edu.au/syllabus_sc/pdf_doc/info_soft_tech_710_syl.pdf
Gloria Reuben once stated, “Mother Nature's mercy and forgiveness have run dry, as we ceaselessly abuse her and take her for granted in order for us to continue our addiction to using fossil fuels.” Reuben is suggesting that the addiction to burning fossil fuels abuses nature consistently and humans take our natural resources for granted. The world has a heavy dependency upon fossil fuels such as oil, methane, coal, gas and petroleum. As population and industry grows and reliance on these non-renewable energy sources multiplies, how are fossil fuels negatively impacting Earth? The adverse effects of fossil fuels is staggering. Fossil fuels are responsible for human fatalities, gargantuan environmental risks and environmental hazards. Stepping toward renewable energy resources and cutting fossil fuel emissions creates a greener, cleaner and safer planet for all.
The Extinction of Dinosaurs How did the dinosaurs become extinct? This is a question that has stumped scientists ever since dinosaur fossils were first discovered. There are many theories as to how the dinosaurs became extinct. This page presents some of the most popular theories. Keep in mind that there is no absolutely proven theory.
...rket share (Please refer to Figure: 6). The increasing opportunity and market growth is promising in the countries located in sunbelt region like India, China, Mexico and Australia (Please refer to Figure: 7) as all these countries are highly populated and in need of power. By 2020, demand for solar installation will reach to 84 GW globally and China alone could add up-to 10 GW of PV installations each year, as announced by the Chinese authorities (global market outlook).
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The future of the United States solar energy industry will be shaped not only by economic growth, but also by the rate of declining oil resources and the global realization of the consequences of human induced climate change. Political responses to this realization in the United States include; new policies, legislature, and tax incentives to both businesses and private households to promote growth and investment in the solar power industry.
Energy is what makes the world go around. All of our technologies are designed and developed based on readily available resources, most common of which are fossil fuels. What happens when we run out? The technologies we so heavily rely on for generating food, shelter, and transportation will cease to function. Throughout this article, I will elucidate the importance of developing and implementing alternative energy sources, specifically those that are renewable, into everyday technologies, and the resulting positive and negative consequences that could follow .
Preview: Today I will discuss the potential that solar power has to become this country’s main supply of energy and the latest research that can make solar power more efficient and cost effective. I will also present the environmental benefits that come with using solar power over other and more harmful forms of energy.
Most of the people in our modern day society are beginning to realize that fossil fuels are becoming more rare and are damage our planet, this creates the need for a more sustainable form of energy. Solar energy is one of them and is becoming more and more important and will hopefully soon replace this obsolete technology.
The ozone layer diminishes more each year. As the area of polar ozone depletion (commonly called the ozone hole) gets larger, additional ultraviolet rays are allowed to pass through. These rays cause cancer, cataracts, and lowered immunity to diseases.1 What causes the depletion of the ozone layer?
Solar energy is clean energy that does not affect our environment. Solar power utilizes the sun’s energy to produce electricity, unlike other sources of energy, which rely on continual mining for raw materials. Consequently, producing solar energy from the heat from the sun does not result into the annihilation of the ecosystem, compared to the extraction of fossil fuels (Bode, 2005). Therefore, with the use of solar energy, it will help keep the environment clean, thus help to combat the issue of global warming, which is a threat to the world’s ecosystem worldwide. The use of solar energy will help save the worlds vegetation, and help prev...
Regarding solar power, Mistry claims that although the solar power does not generate pollution, it has a lot of costs. Building solar panels with photovoltaic equipment has high costs. For instance, a photovoltaic system for a home can cost around $35,000 (Kumar, 2012). However, if our goal for the future is to create a healthy environment, switching fossil fuels for solar power might be the best choice to achieve that goal. According to Kumar (2012), Solar power is a clean and renewable energy so, it decreases the dependency on fossil fuel and also reduces the air pollution.