We all know that smoking poses a significant risk to our health. We can make an educated decision about whether or not to smoke, and if we do decide to smoke, we should be willing to accept any negative effects such as lung cancer and heart disease later in our lives. But what about exposure to secondhand smoke? At this point, we don’t always have a choice in exposure to the smoke of others. The Office of the Surgeon General (OGS) has documented a high level of exposure to secondhand smoke among nonsmoking adults and children in the United States. Blood tests of nonsmokers for the presence of cotinine, a chemical produced by nicotine, indicate that 88% of nonsmoking Americans are exposed to secondhand smoke (US, OGS, Clean).
In 1972, the Surgeon General released a landmark report, The Health Consequences of Smoking, warning of the dangers of smoking. The report also warned of the risks of breathing secondhand smoke, also called “passive smoking” or “environmental tobacco smoke.” Throughout the 1970s, numerous studies were conducted that pointed to the risks of breathing secondhand smoke and the risks to unborn children of smoking mothers (summarized by Shephard). In 1986, both the National Research Council and the United States Surgeon General (Health Consequences of Involuntary Smoking) published independent reports that secondhand smoke causes respiratory infections in children and reduces their lung capacity. Nonetheless, at the International Symposium on Environmental Tobacco Smoke held at McGill University in 1989, critics of the research argued that studies of the effects of secondhand smoke could not rule out the influences of other pollutants. In the summary of the proceedings volume from the conference, Joseph Wu ...
... middle of paper ...
...able Health Risk June 1994. Updated 26 June 2000. 23 Feb. 2001 <http://www.epa.gov/iedweb00/pubs/strsfs.html>.
---. ---. Office of the Surgeon General. Clean Indoor Air Regulations Fact Sheet. 11 Jan. 2001. 23 Feb. 2001 <http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/sgr/sgr_2000/ factsheets/factsheet_clean.htm>.
---. ---. The Health Consequences of Involuntary Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: US Public Health Service, 1986.
---. ---. The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Washington: US Public Health Service, 1971.
Wagner, Christa B. “Inhuman Ban.” Ottawa Citizen 24 July 2000: A11.
Wu, Joseph M. “Summary and Concluding Remarks.” Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Proceedings of the International Symposium at McGill University, 1989. Ed. Donald J. Ecobichon and Joseph M. Wu. Lexington, MA: Lexington, 1990. 367-75.
There were many British colonies in the New World, many founded by people with different goals and beliefs. Due to the differences in ideologies the colonies held, such as the Chesapeake Bay and New England colonies, the political, economical and cultural development differed between them. Despite having very different ways of organizing life, diverse colonies, ultimately were able to resist British policies after the French Indian War by coordinating forces.
The narrator, his wife, and the blind man spend the evening talking, but eventually the wife falls asleep. The narrator is uncomfortable about being left alone with a blind man. There is something about cathedrals on TV and the blind man asks the narrator to describe what a cathedral looks like. The narrator only describes physical things and so the blind man decides that they should try drawing one instead. As they draw the blind man and the narrator connect and a transformation in the narrator?s character takes place.
According to Gretchen M. Wilhelm and Michael W. Firmin, in their article Historical and Contemporary Developments, the Department of Education found that over 1,700,000 students are homeschooled. That’s 3.4 percent of all school age children (304). Homeschooling is defined as an education that contains less than twenty five hours of public school teaching each week and is based out of a household. The earliest forms of education were originally taught from home, then later developed into public schools (Wilhelm and Firmin). Homeschooling not only affects the students taught, but also fellow Americans in the race to advance a nation. Homeschooling needs to be understood in order to revise education into a better and
Homeschooling is often portrayed as an overprotective mom - unwilling to let her kids leave her for a day at school, and a large number of children, all unable to hold a conversation, let alone function normally in society. As someone who was homeschooled from kindergarten through eighth grade, I can attest that my homeschool experience was the exact opposite of this confining stereotype.
Patricia Lines describes homeschooling in the abstract for her article Homeschooling Comes of Age, as “one of the most significant social trends of the past half century.” This trend has sparked debate over its effectiveness and the quality of the students it produces. Roy Lechtrek, in The Case for Homeschooling, and Lines argue in favour of homeschooling while Benjamin Gorman, in An Argument Against Homeschooling, argues against it. All three of them agree that isolation in education, whether social or academic, is not beneficial to students. They also believe that religion plays a major role in the decision to homeschool students. The differences they have are a result of their agreement on these fundamental principles of education. Disagreement is over the execution of these principles and so the common ground is often implied through their ideas of the ideal method.
erupted in the late '70s against our monolithic government school systems, stands as one of the most significant educational developments of the century. The number of American children being taught at home, although minuscule compared to public school enrollments, had grown by the late 1990s from near zero to a near million” (Wagner, 2001, p. 58). Indeed, the rise of homeschooling is one of the most significant trends of the past half-century. Homeschooling is vastly growing to nations as widespread as Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, the United Kingdom, as well as the U.S. (Ray, 2001). The main reason for this reemergence of an old practice is a desire to gain control from the education bureaucrats and reestablish the family as central to a child’s learning (Lines, 2000). The homeschooling movement surprised the professional education establishment with its rapid growth. The number of homeschoolers nearly tripled in the five years from 1990-91 to 1995-96 when there were approximately 700,000 homeschoolers (Lines, 2000). Patricia Lines conservatively estimates the number of homeschooled children at approximately 1 million, while less conservative appraisals among homeschooling researchers and associations place the number of homeschooled children at approximately 1.2 million (Welner & Welner, 1999).
Homeschooling is probably one of the least known and least understood issues in education. Many people tend to think that most homeschoolers are religious conservatives or extremists. However, the truth is that people from all walks of life are joining the homeschooling bandwagon (Ray, 2004). The main misconception is that homeschooled children don’t get the same academic and social education as traditionally schooled children. Contrary to popular perception, homeschooled children have the same, if not better academic opportunities, social opportunities and college admissions prospects than traditionally schooled students have.
As most of you know, smoking is bad for your health, but what some of you might not know is that you don’t actually have to smoke to be harmed by smoking. Lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer deaths in men and women, is mainly caused by cigarette smoking. Secondhand smoking causes approximately 2 percent of lung cancer deaths each year. It causes respiratory disease, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), middle ear disease, and asthma attacks in children.
Every year, there are over 400,000 smoking-related deaths in the United States. A large percentage of these are due to lung cancer, whose leading cause is smoking. However, not all deaths are smokers themselves. Anyone in the vicinity can fall victim to second hand smoke. These people, through no action of their own, can have their lives threatened.
Rivero, Lisa. The Homeschooling Option: How to Decide When It's Right for Your Family. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. Print.
Homeschooling is an educational option that permits parents to teach their children at home rather than sending them to public schools. It is believed that "homeschooled children now number 1.2 million in the United States and the number is steadily growing" (Farris, 1997, p. 4). Ray (cited in Mirochinck & McIntyre, 1991). Some Parents believe that sending their children to public schools in which qualified teachers are responsible for educating them is beneficial .However, other parents believe that it is better for their children to be educated at home by people who know their needs. In this paper, I intend to argue with homeschooling.
First of all, it is critical to realize that schools are merely a way of educating the youth, yet schools are not the only way, and there is no soild evidence to prove that schools are better than other methods. In fact, when compated to homeschooling, it is quite the opposite. After the study of Eric Rudner was rejected due to sample issues such as self-selection and socioeconmical differences, Dr. Sandra Martin-Chang, researcher in
Many parents have criticized homeschooling, claiming that homeschooling provides a negative effect on the students’ social life, and trains them to be more secluded from the rest of the “outside world”. However, in an analysis posted by Widener Law Review titled “Homeschooling: Constitutional Analysis in Light of Social Science Research:”, research has shown that “homeschooled students score as well as or better than traditionally schooled children on widely used measures of social development.” In the article, the authors go into development as to just how much the homeschooled students excel vs. the students of traditional schools. In terms of the job life, “Homeschooled adults are also well prepared to participate in the economic realm. They have entrepreneurial skills and make desirable employees”. What this means is that although many critics attack the ideals of homeschooling, there is solid foundation for parents to stand on when deciding their best course of
“Dangers of Smoking Cigarettes for Smokers” healthliteracy.worlded.org. Copyright 1995 by Marjorie Jacobs revised 1997, n.d web 14 April 2011
Scientists and health officials have been arguing the detrimental effects smoking has on our health for many years. Smoking can lead to serious complications including asthma, pancreas, lung and stomach cancer due to the large number of carcinogens (cancer causing chemicals) and other various substances added to it. It is a health hazard for both smokers and non-smokers and it is especially harmful to unborn babies. Although smokers claim that it helps them to relax and release stress, the negative aspects of the habit take over the positive. As it has been stressed by the scientists and experts, there are some very severe reasons of smoking but its crucial consequences should also be taken into consideration.