This essay will critically evaluate how the death of Ian Tomlinson in 2009 has impacted upon British policing. This essay will first start off with a brief summary of the G20 Demonstration and the death of Ian Tomlinson, followed by the Human Rights Act and how this has linked to the death of Tomlinson. This essay will also explain the outcome of the investigation made by the IPCC and explain the issues which aroose.
On 23rd March 2009, the days leading up to the G20 demonstration The Joint Parliamentary Committee on Human Rights published their report on Human Rights and their approach to policing protests. The report recommended that police should focus on improving dialogue with protesters and regular and relevant human rights training
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At one point he had been admitted into “red mist mode” for being caught red handed trying to access the Police National Computer because his wife was involved in a road traffic accident. (Ward, 2012). Due to PC Harwood having a previous background of allegations made against him and how he was able to leave a previous force and join the Metropolitan Police it affects British Policing. The reason for this is because when applying for a role as a Police Officer, every person has their vetting done. The metropolitan Police should have looked into his previous jobs and checked if PC Harwood had any previous allegations as he worked in a different force. This has caused a huge impact on British Policing and has caused trust issues with the public. The reason for this is because, the Metropolitan Police had no investigated his previous pasted before and the vetting procedure is meant to check a persons previous past. This not only impact British Policing but also raises concern on how the Metropolitan Police consider people through the vetting procedures. PC Harwood had a previous background history of being a “dirty” officer and a previous past. On Thursday 19th July 2009, Constable Simon Harwood was cleared of manslaughter of Ian Tomlinson which occurred on the 1st April 2009. The verdict came to a conclusion after a four week …show more content…
This has cost Metropolitan Police hundred and thousands of pounds to investigate what actually happened to Ian Tomlinson. Due to the amount of money which was spent dealing with this case. On the 9th April 2009, the Chair of the Independent Police Complaints Commission, Nick Hardwick wanted to have a national debate over how police deal with public order. He demanded that police officers were trained up to date when dealing with protests.(Syal, 2009) On 19th April 2009 in the Independent Newspaper, Shami Chakrabarti said a review of policing was required. The reason for this was because of the way police dealt with the G20 protest and overall protests which occurred. (Ipcc.gov.uk, 2009). This shows that police which are not up to date with public order training causes an impact on policing. (Greer and McLaughlin, 2010) Another reason why this has impacted British Policing is because the Independent Police Complaints Commission wanted to have a debate about the way the police should deal with public order. This shows that the IPCC are aware and officers must make sure their training is up to date. This means that linking back to the death of Ian Tomlinson, if officers had been properly trained for public order, the likelihood for his death could have been
This essay will introduce two competing perspectives of policing, they are the orthodox and revisionist perspectives. This essay will then relate the orthodox and revisionist perspectives to the themes of lack of structure, industrialisation and finally hostility. The essay will then discuss whether the creation of the Metropolitan Police by Sir Robert Peel in 1829 was an effective
The duties of a police officer are to ensure that there is maintenance of public peace and order. In order to perform their duties and obligations they require certain powers, authority in order to perform their duties and this extends the power to arrest. This paper focuses on the decision of the court in DPP v Carr, the amendments on Law Enforcement (Powers and Responsibilities) Act (LEPRA) section 99 and a critical evaluation of statements made by Sentas and Cowdery.
In “Four Human Rights Myths” Susan Marks discusses several conceptions (or misconceptions according to her) about human rights. She begins her paper with a case study of the 2011 London riots and how distinctively different is their coverage by the British prime minister and two scholars.
While on the job, police must put all their personal opinions aside. They must provide everyone with an equal and fair chance. It is important in a democratic society for police to not know too much about the community they are policing. It allows them to ...
The issue of stop and search is considered to be an extremely controversial area. There is significant debate on the legitimacy and the accountability of police powers when conducting stop and search, which has led to concerns about the effectiveness of policing. Reiner (2000: 80) has stated that policing is ‘beyond legitimation’ as a result of consistent complaints concerning the abuse of police powers within stop and search. The cause for concern is not only raised by the public, or other agencies, but is now recognised by senior British police officers (Ainsworth, 2002: 28). The cause of concern has been raised through complaints that police target ethnic minorities through stop and search and public opinion, that stop and search is a form police harassment of black individuals (Home Office, 19897). It is said that this is a causal factor of the disproportionate in policing (Delsol and Shiner, 2006). Throughout this essay the effectiveness and legitimacy of stop and search and the negative relationship it has built with the public will be critically discussed.
This paper explores police brutality and the use of deadly force across our nation and the racial tension that follows and the people that have suffered from it. There have been several of cases of police brutality witnessed over the years. Although it has been noted as something that has been going on for decades, it seems as though recently it has been put back in the forefront and causing a huge controversy all over again as the media has begun to report it. It seems there has a flood of assaults on young African
Both of these articles were focused on the Strategy of Policing, but the author’s approaches to the ‘hot topics,’ couldn’t be more difficult. Williams and Murphy focused on the different eras of policing, and how the racial conflicts have overlapped policing efforts. Whereas, Kelling and Moore focused on how police have evolved with the eras. The articles were dramatically different, however, the policing eras: Political, Reform, and Community Orientated eras were influenced largely as the main focuses for each academic article.
The emphasis on the need for police officers to have a post secondary education is not new. During the Political Era of policing, police officers were often politically appointed, regardless of their level of capacity to do the job. Forms of corruption like nepotism, bribes, and politically based decisions were commonplace. As such, the public’s perception of the police was that they were lawless and their trust and confidence soon eroded away. This era resulted in a need for reform. ...
Policing relies on the public trust, police legitimacy and accountability, which can be destroyed by unjustifiable police shootings (Squires and Kennninson, 2010). Within this country, there is a recognition that the police do not always adhere to the rule of law (Newburn and Reiner, 2012: 809), which has led to consistent public outrage at the lack of effectiveness and legitimacy the police has maintained. Therefore the deliberate decision to enforce police to attend to the streets unarmed was employed to reassure the public that the police were not to be feared (Waddington and Wright, 2010). Ultimately, concerns derive from the belief that the police are completely ineffective when dealing with gun crimes (Farrell, 1992: 20). However, whilst arming police with guns can act as a protector when on duty it can also cause an increase in police misconduct. This issue will be discussed throughout this essay.
The ability of police to exercise discretion was originally designed to allow officers to maintain the peace by allowing certain types of crime to remain unpunished in certain circumstances. This essay will aim to explore the issue of police discretion that suggests that the application of discretion works against the interests of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. In drawing this conclusion, this essay will examine the relationship between policing ideals and the use of discretionary powers and the relationship between policing attitudes and the use of discretionary powers. A discussion regarding the use of police discretion towards Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples can scarcely be mentioned without making reference to arguably the greatest failing by a police officer since indigenous Australians were formally recognised as citizens. Further to this, the case of Mulrunji Doomadgee (Cameron) will be examined from the point of view of officer discretionary powers. The penultimate point to be made will involve the Anglo Australian response to this case as well as the ongoing relationship between indigenous Australians and the institutions that govern them. As mentioned, the first point will involve policing ideals and their relationship to discretionary powers.
This paper compares and contrasts popular opinions and professional assessment of police brutality and acceptable use of force. This is not only a sensitive subject, but one that proves hard to identify. The main takeaway is that each encounter is different. Within each situation, the details and contributing factors are also different. Police have to serve the public and are entrusted with an inherent amount of power. The line when that use of power becomes abuse of power is not always so easily defined. There are occasions where the evidence shows a clear abuse of power by the police. There are instances where the public opinion views a situation as excessive, however, the police are following acceptable practices and procedures.
American law enforcement agencies are based off the English models which began in the early 1800’s. In 1829, the English Parliament passed the Metropolitan Police Act (Walker, 1983). Sir Robert Peel who has been credited as the father of modern policing introduced this act to Parliament (Walker, 1983). This act established the London Metropolitan Police which was the model for American policing. This method of policing incorpor...
big problem it is only proved the police wrong when it is clear they are trained to serve and
The idea of modern policing and its implementation were introduced by Sir Robert Peel and his nine principles of policing including, This idea along with the bureaucratic structure was then reinforced by August Vollmer, Bruce Smith and O.W. Wilson. Professionalism was the first step in the direction of new, modern policing with the formulation of specialized police units and management principles borrowed from business administration (Walker and Katz, 2013). According to Steinheider and Wuestewald (2008), modern police organizations are mostly top – down, have centralized decision making and are extremely rule oriented, just like any large, modern day bureaucratic institution. Lastly, one important and possibly the most evident characteristic of p...
When Sir Robert Peel established the London Metropolitan Police, he established a number of principles to follow, one these principles could be considered the start of community policing: “the police are the public and the public are the police” (Bain, 2014). For a plethora of reasons, the police began to lose sight of this relationship as the central organizing concept