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essay on painkillers abuse
outline of prescription drug abuse
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A new escalating drug abuse epidemic has come about in the recent years; people are now choosing prescription pills as their new drug of choice. The use, abuse and death caused by prescription drugs has increased significantly within the past couple years. All types of prescription pills are more easily accessible from their doctors, family members or off the street. Doctors are handing out prescriptions for pills, such as pain management pills, muscle relaxers, and anti-anxiety, like they are candy and not potentially dangerous to the consumers. In today’s society doctors are over prescribing pills to Americans and the prescription pill distribution should be more closely monitored and controlled. Although there are people who benefit from the pain pills, such as patients who are terminally ill, there are too many taking advantage and abusing prescription pills.
Opioid analgesic painkillers, one of the largest growing segments of prescription drug abuse, are medications such as Oxycontin and Vicodin and many other narcotic pills. The side effects Vicodin include lightheadedness, sedation, dizziness, mental clouding, anxiety, fear, dependence, mood changes, respiratory depression and many more (Spratto and Woods 809). More than 201 million prescriptions were written in 2007 for products that have a potential for abuse according to Verispan, prescription information database (Hansen). It was the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention study that found 96.6 percent increase in prescription pill for pain relief-related deaths from 1997 to 2002. During the same period, deaths from cocaine overdoses increased 12.9 percent (Hansen). The National Survey on Drug Use and Health found that the numbers of new, non medical users of pres...
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...amount of pill prescriptions to hopefully bring down the number of fatalities and prescription pill abuse possibilities in patients.
Works Cited
Eckles, Crimson. Personal Experience. March 2004- May 2007.
Hanson, Karmen. “A Pill Problem: Rx Abuse is Fastest Growing.” National Conference of State Legislatures. March 2010. Web. 2 June 2011. .
Inciardi, PhD, James A. “OPIOIDS, SUBSTANCE ABUSE & ADDICTIONS SECTION.” Pain
Medicine. Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies. 2009. Web. 2 June 2011.
Johnson, Jimmy. Personal Interview. 11 June 2011.
Rodriguez, Joe. Personal Interview. 12 June 2011.
Spratto, George R., and Adrienne L. Woods. 20th Anniversary Edition 2011 Delmar Nurse’s Drug
Handbook. Clinton Park: Delmar Cengage Learning, 2011. Print.
The documentary states that over 27,000 deaths a year are due to overdose from heroin and other opioids. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2015 prescription pain relievers account for 20,101 overdose deaths, and 12,990 overdose deaths are related to heroin (Rudd et al., 2010-2015). The documentary’s investigation gives the history of how the heroin epidemic started, with a great focus on the hospice movement. We are presented with the idea that once someone is addicted to painkillers, the difficulty in obtaining the drug over a long period of time becomes too expensive and too difficult. This often leads people to use heroin. This idea is true as a 2014 survey found that 94% of respondents who were being treated for opioid addiction said they chose to use heroin because prescription opioids were “more expensive and harder to obtain (Cicero et al., 2014).” Four in five heroin users actually started out using prescription painkillers (Johns, 2013). This correlation between heroin and prescription painkiller use supports the idea presented in the documentary that “prescription opiates are heroin prep school.”
Almost one hundred years ago, prescription drugs like morphine were available at almost any general store. Women carried bottles of very addictive potent opiate based pain killers in their purse. Many individuals like Edgar Allen Poe died from such addictions. Since that time through various federal, state and local laws, drugs like morphine are now prescription drugs; however, this has not stopped the addiction to opiate based pain killers. Today’s society combats an ever increasing number of very deadly addictive drugs from designer drugs to narcotics to the less potent but equally destructive alcohol and marijuana. With all of these new and old drugs going in and out of vogue with addicts, it appears that the increase of misuse and abuse is founded greater in the prescription opiate based painkillers.
The United States of America accounts for only 5% of the world’s population, yet as a nation, we devour over 50% of the world’s pharmaceutical medication and around 80% of the world’s prescription narcotics (American Addict). The increasing demand for prescription medication in America has evoked a national health crisis in which the government and big business benefit at the expense of the American public.
More than often, American’s argue that if we have the technology to gain access to these “miracle meds”, then we should take advantage of it. To receive an opposing view, the National Institute of Drug Abuse asked teens around America why they think prescription drugs are overused, and the results were shocking; 62%: “Easy to get from parent's medicine cabinets”, 51%: “They are not illegal drugs”, 49%: “Can claim to have prescription if caught”, 43%: “They are cheap”, 35%: “Safer to use than illegal drugs”, 33%: “Less shame attached to using”, 32%: “Fewer side effects than street drugs”, 25%: “Can be used as study aids”, and 21%: “Parents don't care as much if caught”. I believe the major problem here isn’t the medication, but instead the fact that our nation is extremely uninformed on the “do’s and dont’s” of prescription medication. When “the United States is 5 percent of the world’s population and consumes 75 percent of the the world's prescription drugs” (CDC), there is a problem present, no matter the reason. Clearly, many critics believe the breathtaking amount of pills we consume in America is simply for the better good, but tend to forget the effects that are soon to follow.
Painkillers have been used for many years, and they have been beneficial to many. But one that recently took the market has been the topic of many controversial discussions. Oxycodone has always been used in modern medicine but in small amounts. OxyContin contained a higher amount of oxycodone than most opiate based pain killers, the weakest dose of OxyContin had double the amount found in said painkillers (Meier 12). This lead to the spread of abuse and addiction towards the drug. And a medicine made to do nothing but help became the subject of overdose and death. The creation of OxyContin was a triumph for modern medicine and a halo of light to people with chronic pains, but this drug now seems to carry a trail of addiction and abuse along with it.
Retrospectively in 2011, the US government elucidated that mortalities correlated with prescription opioid overdoses had surpassed heroin and cocaine fatalities coalesced. Uniquely, "National data has stated that the volume of opioid pills prescribed in the US since 1999 has quadrupled, and so has the number of opioid overdoses" (America's opioid crisis). Correspondingly, this constitutes a calamity that's indicative of the ramifications associated with the prescription pain medication crisis and it institutes how egregious the issue at hand really is-mortality wise. "Shockingly, the daily death toll is 142 fatal overdoses, 91 of them from opioids, adding up to almost 52,000 drug overdose deaths in 2015" (America's opioid crisis). Candidly,
Drug addiction doesn 't result from medical use and it is supported as well by Sees & Clark (1993). The drug brings optimal treatment to patients who are in pain. Gilson et al. (2004) also advised that its effects are predictable due to medical purpose and removing it may cause an unacceptable harm to a patient. Addiction and misuse of opioid medication depends on the period of usage. As according to Compton & Volkow (2006), the longer the drug is exposed to an individual, the higher the possibility for development of addiction as well. The access as well nowadays for the drug is openly easy for the public. There have been occasions that physicians are no longer needed for the prescription of the drug; hence it becomes an illicit drug. In recent studies the frequency of analgesic misuse or addiction ranges from 5% to as much of 50% of different
Prescription and pharmaceutical drug abuse is beginning to expand as a social issue within the United States because of the variety of drugs, their growing availability, and the social acceptance and peer pressure to uses them. Many in the workforce are suffering and failing at getting better due to the desperation driving their addiction.
In medical school/pharmacology school, medical professionals are taught to treat severe pain with opioids. However, opioids should be prescribed with the possibility of future dependency in mind. Physicians often struggle with whether they should prescribe opioids or seek alternative methodologies. This ethical impasse has led may medical professionals to prescribe opioids out of sympathy, without regard for the possibility of addiction (Clarke). As previously stated, a way to address this is use alternative methods so that physicians will become more acquainted to not not treating pain by means of opioid
Understanding this problem begins with education about the type of drugs being abused. Opiates, or opioids, are a type of drug that relieves pain. Painkillers interact with nerve endings in the brain, stopping them from sending the message to your brain that you are in pain. Taking this medication results in lose of pain and a temporary high. If a patient takes pain pills for too long, they can begin to form a tolerance to lower doses, causing the physician to have to continually raise the amount being put into their bodies. After extended use, opiates can cause iatrogenic addiction, “most likely to occur with long-term use and/or high does of a prescription drug” (Kendal1 l75). Even though opiates have been used to treat pain in the medical field for years, research is indicating negative side effects. Some of these, interesting enou...
The rate of death due to prescription drug abuse in the U.S. has escalated 313 percent over the past decade. According to the Congressional Quarterly Transcription’s article "Rep. Joe Pitt Holds a Hearing on Prescription Drug Abuse," opioid prescription drugs were involved in 16,650 overdose-caused deaths in 2010, accounting for more deaths than from overdoses of heroin and cocaine. Prescribed drugs or painkillers sometimes "condemn a patient to lifelong addiction," according to Dr. Tom Frieden, director of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This problem not only affects the lives of those who overdose but it affects the communities as well due to the convenience of being able to find these items in drug stores and such. Not to mention the fact that the doctors who prescribe these opioids often tend to misuse them as well. Abusing these prescribed drugs can “destroy dreams and abort great destinies," and end the possibility of the abuser to have a positive impact in the community.
Many people around the world have pain they are dealing with. Sometimes the pain in unbearable, other times it is easily taken care of, and then there are times when people become addicted to medications because of the pain. “More than 30% of Americans have some sort form of acute or chronic pain,” noted by Longo, Volkow & Mclellan (2016). Opioids are one of the main pain medications given to patients who struggle with acute or chronic pain. Longo, Volkow & Mclellan (2016) discuss, opioids are widely distributed and used improperly, and the wide distribution of this drug has resulted in many deaths and overdoses around the world. This has caused the opioid crises in pain management (Longo, Volkow & Mclellan 2016).
The abuse and addiction of prescription drugs has been a serious ongoing issue for many years. Many lives have been ruined and lost. But who is to be held accountable? Well today, July 13, 2017, more than 400 individuals were charged with health care and opiod scams that amounted to $1.3 billion in false billings. According to Attorney General Jeff Sessions this was the, “largest health care fraud takedown operation in American history.”
We are in a society where we take a pill for everything, i.e., to lose weight, to get rid of a headache. Whatever we need a pill for, it is there. In United States, the abuse of painkillers and other prescription drugs has reached epidemic levels and become one of the top causes of death every year. In 2010, more than 38,000 deaths were due to overdosing. These include drugs like methadone, oxydone, or morphine. Death rates from prescription drugs were highest among people from middle-aged groups.
58% of overdoses are caused by medicine. For 1 death: 10 people are admitted for treatment of drug abuse, 32 ER visits for drug abuse, 130 abuse prescription drugs, and 825 are nonmedical prescription drug users. 1 in 10 drug abusers actually get treatment for abuse. Prescription drugs sales have quadrupled over the last 15 years. Around 75-90% of overdoses are accidental, 20% are suicide, and 10% are unknown. Where do people get the drugs they are using? 55% from friends and family, 10% buy from family or friends or from a dealer, 20% are prescribed from a doctor, 5% took without asking or stole, and 10% other reasons. Reported users range from 16-24 years old. Around 365 people younger than 45 die from overdose, while 320 people 45 and over die from overdose. Overdose deaths have increased tremendously from 2008-2012. Overdose deaths in 2008- 638, 2012- 686. Prescription and illicit drug deaths in 2008- 47, 2012- 72. Death by illicit drugs in 2008- 94, 2012- 95. Death by prescription drugs in 2008- 496, 2012- 520. Since 2009 drug overdose deaths have increased by 33%. Overall New England was ranked 1st having the highest drug overdose rate. 55% of overdose victims are male, while the remaining 45% are female. 91% of victims are white. In Rhode Island (2012) 119 of 182 victims of overdose (65%), involved prescription drugs, alcohol, or other drugs. The highest death causing drugs include: Xanax (222), Oxycodone (175), Methadone (1...