The Cuban Embargo: An Economic Sanction that Never Achieved its Goals. Close, But No Cigar.
opinion Essay
4321 words
The Cuban Embargo: An Economic Sanction that Never Achieved its Goals. Close, But No Cigar.
History of Events
Before beginning my paper, I will give a very brief summary of the actions which caused the original embargo against Cuba in 1960 and the actions the US has taken since then. Reviewing this brief timeline will help to examine and critique the reasoning behind the embargo.
In the early 20th century, Cuba was a nation in constant political turmoil ruled by militant dictators. Prior to the elections of 1952, Fulgencio Batista took power of Cuba in a bloodless coup. His rule left the island in discontent and led to many movements to return the country to its constitutional rule of 1940. On January 1st, 1959 Batista and his family fled Cuba. On January 7th, the United States officially recognized a government that Fidel Castro had taken control of with promises of a return to a constitutional government and democratic elections.
Soon, Fidel began nationalizing all private businesses and land. When US refineries refused to refine oil from the Soviet Union, Castro ordered the nationalization of all US businesses on July 5th, 1960. In immediate response, President Dwight Eisenhower cancelled Cuba’s sugar quota on July 6th. On April 16th, 1961 Castro declares Cuba a Socialist state. The very next day, the United States, in a mission codenamed “Bay of Pigs,” backed a failed attempt by Cuban refugees to overthrow Castro. Immediately after this failed coup, the United States began progress in another operation to overthrow the dictator. This was known as Operation Mongoose, which was conceptualized in November 1961. The mission was not immediately carried out, as the military was constantly trying to reasse...
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...he Politics of Passion. University of Texas Press, Austin, TX 2000.
Horowitz, Irving Louis. Searching for the Sould of American Foreign Policy: The Cuban Embargo and the National Interest. Institute for Cuban and Cuban- American Studies Occasional Paper Series. University of Miami, Miami, FL 2000.
Lopez, Juan J. Democracy Delayed. The Case of Castro’s Cuba. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD 2002.
Suchlicki, Jaime. The U.S. Embargo of Cuba. Institute for Cuban and Cuban- American Studies Occasional Paper Series. University of Miami, Miami, FL 2000.
Internet References
Embassy of India. Havana, Cuba. Selected Economic Statistics of Cuba. <http://www.indembassyhavana.cu/commercial/cubaecopart3.htm#GDPGrPerCapita> March 11, 2005.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. < http://apps.fao.org/> March 11, 2005.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes the cuban embargo: an economic sanction that never achieved its goals.
- Describes how fidel nationalized all private businesses and land, and president dwight eisenhower cancelled cuba's sugar quota.
- Explains that the economic embargo was maintained to reduce the resources available to the castro government to promote guerrillas in latin america and to advance communism elsewhere.
- Analyzes the cuban embargo: an economic sanction that never achieved its goals.
- Describes how fidel nationalized all private businesses and land, and president dwight eisenhower cancelled cuba's sugar quota.
- Explains that the economic embargo was maintained to reduce the resources available to the castro government to promote guerrillas in latin america and to advance communism elsewhere.
- Explains that reagan negotiated for normal migration from cuba and reimposed the original travel restrictions, which had been relaxed under carter.
- Explains how congress' attitude towards cuba changed in 1998 when 24 senators hoped to form a national bipartisan commission on cuba initiative. president clinton lifted the embargo on the sale of food and medicine to cuba during the cold war.
- Analyzes how the 45-year history of the embargo has had a limited impact on the united states and its citizens, but the effects are clearly seen in cuba.
- Explains that cuba received $100 to $150 billion in soviet and eastern european aid between 1959 and 1989. cuba had a universal comprehensive healthcare plan which guaranteed free health care to everyone.
- Explains how the cuban democracy act of 1992 reduced access to medicines and medical supplies from other countries, and the helms-burton act made it illegal for all countries to export any medical equipment with any u.s. technology.
- Explains that cuba's sugar cane production fell drastically after the fall of the soviet union. the soviets were paying cuba 5.4 times market value for their sugar crop.
- Opines that a healthy economy is necessary for the population of cuba to meet its basic needs. the embargo is meant to punish castro and his regime.
- Opines that the natural beauty of cuba would attract many american tourist investments if the embargo was lifted.
- Explains that castro's cuba has faced considerable economic hardships, yet shows no signs of political liberalization. the helms-burton act of 1996 was designed to place serious economic pressure on castro.
- Opines that the goal of economic sanctions is to destabilize the targeted country's government, but it has only been half-achieved.
- Agrees that there is unrest and lack of material resources in cuba, but castro is still in power. the embargo forces u.s. firms to keep their investments out of cuba.
- Explains that many proponents of the embargo cite the need for its continuance as the persecution of human rights cubans suffer at the hands of castro.
- Opines that neither lifting the embargo nor lifting it will change castro's political policies. normalized economic relations will lead castro towards a democratic cuba.
- Opines that lifting the embargo would put the pressure and responsibility on castro and his government.
- Opines that the embargo is an outdated ineffective tool that needs to be immediately removed by the u.s. government.
- Summarizes the reasons for the original embargo against cuba in 1960 and the actions the us has taken since then.
- Analyzes whether the cuban embargo has succeeded in containing castro and preventing him from spreading communism in latin america.
- Analyzes how the u.s. lifted its economic embargo with china while egregious human rights violations were still taking place.
- Analyzes how castro's interaction with other democracies shows that removing the embargo will not change his human rights violations.
- Argues that removing the embargo now would revitalize the economy and the cuban people.
- Cites centeno, miguel angel, mauricio font, fernandez, damian j., horowitz, irving louis, and suchlicki, jaime.
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In this essay, the author
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- Explains how the castro government began to seize private land and nationalize hundreds of private companies, including local subsidiaries of american corporations. the eisenhower administration retaliated by implicating an embargo that permitted the trade of food and medical supplies only.
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- Explains how the castro government began to seize private land and nationalize hundreds of private companies, including local subsidiaries of american corporations. the eisenhower administration retaliated by implicating an embargo that permitted the trade of food and medical supplies only.
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- Opines that the u.s. stands as the lone holdout in the growing number of countries linked to cuba through trade relationships.
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In this essay, the author
- Analyzes the cuban embargo as a reminder of the cold war or an important factor of american democracy fighting the spread of communism.
- Explains that the helms-burton act extended the territorial application of the initial embargo to foreign companies trading with cuba and penalized foreign firms allegedly "trafficking" in goods and using property formerly owned by u.s. citizens.
- Explains that the cuban democracy act clearly states that no matter what the embargo cannot be lifted until any castro is in not in power.
- Analyzes the cuban embargo as a reminder of the cold war or an important factor of american democracy fighting the spread of communism.
- Explains that the helms-burton act extended the territorial application of the initial embargo to foreign companies trading with cuba and penalized foreign firms allegedly "trafficking" in goods and using property formerly owned by u.s. citizens.
- Explains that the cuban democracy act clearly states that no matter what the embargo cannot be lifted until any castro is in not in power.
- Analyzes how the idea of no castro in the government makes sense since many speculate that even though fidel is no longer power, he still has some influence over what his brother does.
- Explains that the cuban embargo still has massive support here in the u.s. and will not lose this support any soon.
- Argues that the u.s should lift the embargo because of foreign pressure. the monroe doctrine states that european powers should not be allowed to influence united states' side of the world.
- Explains that even with the embargo in place, the u.s still helps the people of cuba and helps them prosper while still damaging the government.
- Opines that the unforgiving cuban embargo is a reminder of the u.s's struggle for liberty in our world.
- Cites kennedy, john f., "proclamation 3447- embargo on all trade with cuba."
1931 wordsRead More - Americans and Cubans Approaches to the Platt Amendmentanalytical essayThe U.S.’s relationship with Cuba has been arduous and stained with mutual suspicion and obstinateness, and the repeated U.S. interventions. The Platt agreement and Castro’s rise to power, served to introduce the years of difficulty to come, while, the embargo the U.S. placed on Cuba, enforced the harsh feelings. The two major events that caused the most problems were the Bays of Pigs and Cuban Missile Crisis.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the u.s.'s relationship with cuba has been arduous and stained with mutual suspicion and obstinateness. the platt agreement and castro’s rise to power, served to introduce the years of difficulty to come.
- Explains the platt amendment, which was a set of guidelines for cuba to follow. the u.s. had been occupying cuba since the spanish american war in 1898.
- Explains that americans think they used the platt amendment to mediate and resolve internal disputes in cuba, whereas cubans tend to think that the amendment was designed to permit the u.s. to intervene
- Explains that the u.s.'s relationship with cuba has been arduous and stained with mutual suspicion and obstinateness. the platt agreement and castro’s rise to power, served to introduce the years of difficulty to come.
- Explains the platt amendment, which was a set of guidelines for cuba to follow. the u.s. had been occupying cuba since the spanish american war in 1898.
- Explains that americans think they used the platt amendment to mediate and resolve internal disputes in cuba, whereas cubans tend to think that the amendment was designed to permit the u.s. to intervene
- Opines that the u.s. had to have some sort of control and a permanent existence after withdrawing their military from cuba.
- Explains that the u.s. backed fulgenico batista, who was in charge of cuba, but not favored by the cuban people.
- Narrates how castro left cuba and worked with che guevara to build an army. he gained the support of more than half the cuban people and succeeded in overthrowing batista's reign.
- Describes how president eisenhower ordered the central intelligence agency to train and guide exiled cubans in an invasion against cuba to bring down fidel castro.
- Describes how the u.s. invaded cuba on april 17, 1961 at the bahia de cochinos, where 1300 exiles began fighting and, before long, began losing. president kennedy made the decision to not attack cuba by air.
- Explains that the soviet union was rushing to catch up with the u.s. in the arms race, but their missiles were lacking in power.
- Describes president kennedy's decision to impose quarantine around cuba to ensure there were no more missiles arriving. the soviet union demanded the removal of u.s.
- Explains how cubans fled to the u.s. in 1980, and the us set up a radio station that broadcasts anti-communist propaganda to cuba. castro responded by saying, "socialism or death."
- Argues that the embargo violates the united nations' resolution 56/9 of the 27th of november 2001 and is a crime against humanity.
- Argues that embargo is no longer necessary and to continue it would be cruel. the rest of the world sees cuba as a "poor and dysfunctional nation of 11 million that poses no threat to american or regional security."
- Explains that the cia began carrying out disciplinary operations against castro's government in response to the cuban shooting.
- Describes how paramilitary missions were organized to destroy sugar mills, sugar and tobacco plantations, farm machinery, mining, oil refineries, lumber yards, water systems, ware houses, and chemical plants.
- Explains how the u.s. disrupted trade with europe, and the cia began to plan assassination operations against cuban leaders.
- Opines that the platt amendment, castro's rise, the bay of pigs, the cuban missile crisis and the trade embargo have all intensified the suspicions between the two countries.
1533 wordsRead More - Cuba's Relations with the United Statesanalytical essayThe sanctions placed on Cuba are not as stringently guarded as they were when first implemented. In today’s society, many US businessmen bypass the sanctions placed on Cuba by traveling to another country first and then into Cuba to entertain business ventures and find quality cigars. It could be said that the goals of the sanctions were met, since Castro’s regime is slowly dying, but this was not due to the sanctions themselves but instead to the lack of monetary income from the Soviet Union.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that cuba was a stomping ground for many of the rich and famous from the united states. trade and commerce between the us and cuba flowed freely and abundantly.
- Explains that the united states changed its way of dealing with cuba dramatically after castro took power. the cold war was in its adolescence stage and the us made sure that smaller, third world countries did not become communist or even associate themselves with the soviet union.
- Explains that the sanctions were placed against cuba as fidel castro came into power in 1959 and have not seen any real changes up to the present time.
- Explains that cuba was a stomping ground for many of the rich and famous from the united states. trade and commerce between the us and cuba flowed freely and abundantly.
- Explains that the united states changed its way of dealing with cuba dramatically after castro took power. the cold war was in its adolescence stage and the us made sure that smaller, third world countries did not become communist or even associate themselves with the soviet union.
- Explains that the sanctions were placed against cuba as fidel castro came into power in 1959 and have not seen any real changes up to the present time.
- Explains why the united states imposed sanctions against cuba because of fidel castro's leanings toward communism and how castro handled himself as the new leader of cuba.
- Explains that the us put sanctions on cuba after castro came to power and was trying to exert its power over the country when batista was in power. the state department was unsure how to accomplish this since there wasn't enough information to show what group could lead the cuban people.
- Analyzes how dwight eisenhower took the lead in telling his advisors what he wanted to do during the cuban missile crisis. kennedy took matters into his own hands when soviet missiles were being constructed in cuba.
- Explains how the administrative model is the bureaucracy that makes decisions with just the president as the ratifier of what was decided.
- Describes the groups that tried to influence the decision-making process in cuba, such as the casino industry, which was a popular nightspot for well-to-do americans.
- Analyzes how the sanctions the us has placed on cuba have had an effect on the country. the country is in disarray to this day and the monetary help that flowed from the soviet union is almost non-existent.
- Explains that the sanctions placed on cuba are not as stringent as they were when first implemented. many us businessmen bypass them by traveling to another country first and then into cuba to entertain business ventures and find quality cigars.
- Cites jorge l. dominguez, philip s. foner, and louis a. jr.
1362 wordsRead More - Essay On Cuban Embargoanalytical essayThe United States has had an ongoing embargo with Cuba. The United States embargo against Cuba is a commercial, economic, and financial embargo imposed by the United States on Cuba. An embargo was first imposed by the United States on Cuba on October 19, 1960. Almost two years after the Batista regime was deposed by the Cuban Revolution. when the U.S. placed an embargo on exports to Cuba except for food and medicine after Cuba nationalizes American-owned Cuban oil refineries without compensation. Cuba nationalized the refineries following Eisenhower's decision to cancel 700,000 tons of sugar imports from Cuba to the U.S. and refused to export oil to the island, leaving it reliant on Russian crude oil. All American oil companies refused to refine Russian oil, leading the Cuban government to nationalize the refineries. On February 7, 1962 the embargo was extended to include almost all imports.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the united states embargo against cuba was first imposed on cuba on october 19, 1960, two years after the batista regime was deposed.
- Opines that obama's emphasis on diplomacy is a hallmark of his presidency across the board. the u.s. work to normalize relations with cuba is still just beginning.
- Argues that diplomacy, which has proven so critical in other regions, must be harnessed in cuba, too. in 1977, the nay-sayers outright rejected president jimmy carter’s stated aim to return the panama canal
- Explains that the united states embargo against cuba was first imposed on cuba on october 19, 1960, two years after the batista regime was deposed.
- Opines that obama's emphasis on diplomacy is a hallmark of his presidency across the board. the u.s. work to normalize relations with cuba is still just beginning.
- Argues that diplomacy, which has proven so critical in other regions, must be harnessed in cuba, too. in 1977, the nay-sayers outright rejected president jimmy carter’s stated aim to return the panama canal
- Explains how the u.s. government worked with corporate leadership to ensure that every member of congress was aware of latin american attitudes towards the panama canal issue, including the upside of improved ties, and the downside of maintaining the status quo.
- Analyzes how hillary clinton demands an end to the us-cuba trade embargo. president obama's decision to reopen diplomatic relations with cuba triggered a chain reaction.
671 wordsRead More - Cuban Embargoanalytical essayThe United States embargo against Cuba began on October 19, 1960. In that time, the U.S. placed an embargo on exports to Cuba after Cuba nationalized American-owned Cuban oil refineries without compensation. Exceptions to the embargo were food and medicine. Cuba nationalized the factories following President Dwight D. Eisenhower's decision to cancel 700,000 tons of sugar imports from Cuba to the U.S. and refused to export oil to the island, leaving it reliant on Russian crude oil. All American oil companies refused to refine Russian oil, leading the Cuban government to nationalize the factories.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the u.s. embargo against cuba began on october 19, 1960, after cuba nationalized american-owned cuban oil refineries without compensation.
- Opines that president obama believes that since the embargo 50 years ago, isolating cuba failed to promote democracy, setting back the influence in latin america.
- Explains the cuban embargo act that was placed nearly 55 years ago due to the acts of fidel castro has finally come to its slow demise.
- Explains that the u.s. embargo against cuba began on october 19, 1960, after cuba nationalized american-owned cuban oil refineries without compensation.
- Opines that president obama believes that since the embargo 50 years ago, isolating cuba failed to promote democracy, setting back the influence in latin america.
- Explains the cuban embargo act that was placed nearly 55 years ago due to the acts of fidel castro has finally come to its slow demise.
- Analyzes hillary clinton's speech in which she called for lifting the cuba embargo in florida. clinton has long supported normalizing relations with cuba, and as secretary of state pushed obama to normalize relations.
677 wordsRead More