The Cosmos: Creation
Where is the universe from? Where is it going? How is it put together?
How did it get to be this way.
These are Big questions. Very easy to ask but almost impossible to answer.
We want answers for philosophical reason having nothing to do with science. No one will get rich from discovering the structure of the universe unless they right a book about it.
The area of science dealing with Big questions is called cosmology. The reason for it's study is found in the fact that:
The universe was born at a specific time in the past and has expanded ever since. The Expansion of the Universe
Edwin Hubble established the existence of other galaxies. He noted that the light from these galaxies was shifted toward the red. That is it's wavelength was longer than that of the light emitted from the corresponding atoms in the lab. Furthermore he found that the farther away the galaxy was the more it was shifted toward the red end of the spectrum. Hubble attributed this shift to the doppler effect.
Hubble saw this and concluded that all galaxies are rushing away from us and the universe is expanding as a whole. Modern equipment has observed and verified this so-called Hubble expansion exists throughout the observable universe. This shows three important things. First there is no significance to the fact that earth seems to be the center of the universal expansion. In any galaxy it would look as if you were standing still and all others were rushing away from you. Second the movement of the universe is not like an explosion.
Galaxies are not moved through the universe but expand with the universe. Third the galaxies themselves do not expand only the space between them.
Finally if you ask where the expansion started the only answer is everywhere.
In the words of the fifteenth-century philosopher Nicholas of Cusa, "the universe has its center everywhere and its edge nowhere."
This theory has one fact that is inescapable. The universe was not always there but did have an beginning. This has come to be known as the Big-Bang theory. Universal Freezing
When the universe was younger it was smaller. When matter and energy are compacted the temperature inevitably rises. Thus when the universe was younger it was hotter. We can see six crucial events called "freezing's" where the fabric of the universe changed in a fundamental way.
The most recent occurred when the universe was about 500,000 years old, about 14,999,500,000 years ago. After 500,000 years permanent atoms started to form. Before 500,000 years matter existed as loose electrons and nuclei in a
In the last hundred years we have made enormous progress in studying not our galaxy but ones billions of light-years away. Only a few hundred years ago our world seemed so big that there were areas of the world that had never been charted and people believed that the Earth was flat (and yes for some reason a few people still believe that today). If we continue to make progress at thus rate the universe will actually begin to seem smaller because of how much more we might know.
Throughout history there has always been discussions and theories as to how the universe came to be. Where did it come from? How did it happen? Was it through God that the universe was made? These philosophies have been discussed and rejected and new theories have been created. I will discuss three theories from our studies, Kalam’s Cosmological Argument, Aquinas’s Design Argument, and Paley’s Design Argument. In this article, I will discuss the arguments and what these arguments state as their belief. A common belief from these three theories is that the universe is not infinite, meaning that the universe was created and has a beginning date. Each believe that there was a God, deity, or master creator that created the universe for a reason. They also believe that
The Big Bang Theory is one of the most important, and most discussed topics in cosmology today. As such, it encompasses several smaller components that attempt to explain what happened in the moments after creation, and how the universe we know today came from such a fiery, chaotic universe in the wake of the Big Bang. One major component of the Big Bang theory is nucleosynthesis. We know that several stellar phenomena (including stellar fusion and various types of super novae) are responsible for the formation of all heavy elements up through Plutonium, however, after the advent of the Big Bang theory, we needed a way to explain what types of matter were created to form the earliest stars.!
Frankenstein was written by a woman named Mary Shelley. This story is considered to be one of the earliest examples of science fiction. Mary Shelley did not have a good life. There were always bad events occurring in Shelley’s life. Before the age of 30, Mary Shelley had lost her mother, sister, father, husband, and three of her four children. She battled depression all of her life and finally died in London at the age of fifty-four. After all of these terrible things that happened to her, people can probably understand how she came up with such a horror story like Frankenstein. In this novel, the main character is Victor Frankenstein. After Victor mother dies, he leaves and goes to England. In England is where he created this monster that he soon regrets. Victor abandons the creature, and the creature makes it his duty to find his creator and wreak havoc along the way. This horrifying sci-fi story could only be written and told by Mary Shelley, an individual that had such a horrible life.
Even to the casual observer, using just the ability of the human eye, there is a noticeable order in the manner of the movement of the celestial objects as they travel across the sky. The Sun, Moon, and the stars, all have a discernable pattern to their rising and setting. Upon closer observance, one might notice slight seasonal changes in the relative location on the horizon where the Sun rises and sets. Alternatively, one can notice more drastic variations in the Moon's relative position, the timing of it's appearances, and the variation of the portion of the Moon that is illuminated on any given night. In addition, the stars, if tracked even for a short period, clearly have a pattern to their rising and setting on any given night. Again on careful observance over a period of time one can see that there is a seasonal variation to the location of some stars, with some not being visible at certain time of the year, and others appearing instead. Finally, still with the naked eye, if one were to place close attention, one would notice that some of these "stars" do not follow the same pattern, and seem to follow different rules. So, what do the observable facts all add up to? Are there rules of order that the celestial objects follow? If one were to study the celestial objects long enough, could one discover the rules and be able to accurately predict the movements of celestial objects with accuracy? Surely, peoples of ancient civilizations pondered the same type of questions.
The sun became the king of the universe and he was very bright so he could be seen from far and wide. The stars feared him and so again began to behave in an appropriate fashion. He also was very hot and warmed the once cold universe so that life would be possible.
Over the course of 408 years, from when the thirteen colonies were first founded and today, the traditions of European and Native American culture have always varied significantly. From their religious to their political views, the European and Native American beliefs have many common characteristics as well as many dissimilarities. These differences and similarities are most evident when comparing their creation stories and their constitutions.
The Big Bang is a theory that the universe was created in a very large
Waller, William H. The Milky Way: An Insider's Guide. Princeton, N.J: Princeton UP, 2013. 42+. Print.
which is the big bang. But the big bang is only a theory and hasn’t
Einstein published his theory of general relativity which stated that space and time were one and sort of like a cloth. He stated that the more mass an object had, the more distortion on space time it had. Einstein said that not even light could escape the effects of gravity. These opened contradictions to Einstein's beliefs though, and so he concluded the universe must be expanding or contracting. Einstein couldn’t make the leap, but others could. An expanding universe fit very well into a theory called The Big Bang Theory. George Lemaitre connected the pieces that not even the great Einstein would accept, that the universe wasn’t just static and was expanding. He concluded that the universe today is bigger than it was ever before and at the very beginning was very small. Edwin Hubble would see something that destroyed Einstein's theory of a static universe. Back then people just thought that the milky way was the entire universe, but they were very mistaken. The Hubble telescope revealed that the Sun is one of billions of stars that are in our universe. Edwin Hubble could see how far a star was by looking at how much light is visible. The brighter the light the closer it is to you. Hubble had found some visible dust in the milky way and did the math and it turned out to be 1,000,000 light years away. In that moment he figured out that the Andromeda galaxy was
...enith (straight overhead position). Two galaxies which are believed to revolve around our own are the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds. Only visible from the Southern Hemisphere, Magellan, the famous European explorer, was the first to describe these galaxies.
The Universe is a collection of millions of galaxies and extends beyond human imagination. After the big bang, the universe was found to be composed of radiation and subatomic particles. Information following big bang is arguable on how galaxies formed, that is whether small particles merged to form clusters and eventually galaxies or whether the universe systematized as immense clumps of matter that later fragmented into galaxies (Nasa World book, 2013). A galaxy is a massive area of empty space full of dust, gases (mainly 75% Hydrogen and 25%Helium), atoms, about 100-200 billion stars, interstellar clouds and planets, attracted to the center by gravitational force of attraction. Based on recent research, 170 billion galaxies have been estimated to exist, with only tens of thousands been discovered (Deutsch, 2011).
The big bang theory is an attempt to explain how the world began. The big bang theory begins with what is called a “singularity.” This term is used to describe an area in space which defies all the known laws of physics. Singularities are thought to exist at the core of black holes. Black holes are areas of intense gravitational pressure. The pressure is thought to be so intense that matter is pressed together into an infinite amount of pressure. The dense hot mass of the singularity slowly expanded. This process is called inflation. As the singularity expanded the universe went from dense and hot to cool and expansive. Inflation is still continuing on today which means that the universe is continually expanding.
Most scientists agree that there was a beginning but there is a lot of speculation of how it (the universe) actually started. The much-celebrated Greek philosopher, Aristotle, denied the fact that there ever was a beginning. He and his associates believed in the eternal existence of the universe, they also tried to prove that the universe was static, and was unchanging in time. However, there is evidence, which suggests that the universe is changing with time.