The Coorelation between Drug Tolerance and the Environment
When considering the dynamics of brain and behavior, another component that enters the equation is environment. If brain equals behavior then changes to either should result in an altercation to the other component. The question that arises is whether a change in the environment produces change in brain chemistry and therefore, behavior. A connection between brain, behavior and environment may be observed in the context of drug tolerance. There are a collection of questions that seem essential to consider when attempting to correlate the brain's development of an observable drug tolerance and the environment.
• Does the environment affect drug tolerance? How?
• What observations correlate environmental cues and a tolerance to drugs?
• How can an understanding of the correlation between environment and tolerance be applied to medical care and treatments?
Tolerance is caused by the brain's ability to adapt to or compensate for the presence of a chemical (1). Tolerance developed after a repeated exposure to a drug is due to two possible biological processes. One process involves a decrease in the concentration of the drug at the effector site due to changes in the absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion of the drug. The other process involves changes in the sensitivity towards a drug due to adaptive changes that diminish the initial effects of a drug. The nervous system is able to adapt and thereby reduce the initial effects of a drug by using two methods. The first method involves a change in the number or properties of drug-sensitive receptors. The second method provides a coordinated compensatory response to counteract or oppose the effects ...
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3) Biography of Ivan Pavlov
http://arbi.cumbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/misc/pavlov.htm
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5)University of Plymouth, Department of Psycology page clear outline of experiment
http://salmon.psy.plym.ac.uk/year3/DrugAbuse/drugtolerance.htm
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8)A Practical Application of Environmentally-Induced Tolerance Theory
http://www.schuelers.com/cancer/letter_from_betty.htm
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http://www.apa.org/releases/drug_tolerance.html
of the wolves and finds that they are more than the savage and merciless hunters
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To further rule in or out the paramedics current theory of a drug overdose the paramedics can con...
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Liehr, P, Marcus, M, Carroll, D, Granmayeh, K L, Cron, S, Pennebaker, J ;( Apr-Jun 2010). Substance Abuse; Vol. 31 (2); 79-85. Doi: 10.1080/08897071003641271
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Guinotte, J. M. and Fabry, V. J. (2008), Ocean Acidification and Its Potential Effects on Marine Ecosystems. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1134: 320–342. doi: 10.1196/annals.1439.013
Hollandsworth, James G. (1990). The Physiology of Psychological Disorders. Plenem Press. New York and London. P.111.
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The Journal of Neuroscience Dobler-Mikola, A. Gschwed, P. Gutzwiller, F. Steffen, T. Rehm, J. Uch engagen, A. Feasibility, Safety, and Efficacy of Injectable Heroin Prescription for Refractory Opioid Addicts: a follow-up study. The Lancet, volume 358, pg. 1417-1420. Everitt, B. Robbins, T. (1999) Drug addiction: bad habits add up. Macmillian Magazines, volume 389, pg.