BORED PILES CONSTRUCTION
Bored piles construction is done using the suitable rotary drills depending on the diameter, depth, condition of the soil and construction method. Usually bore-holes are stabilized with a temporary or permanent casing. The common material used for the casing is steel and it is also normal called as steel casing. The length of the steel casing is also determined from the soil conditions that are discovered at the actual site.
SETTING OUT
The location of the bored piles must be set out and marked by the subcontractor’s surveyor according to the approved setting out drawings given by the Consultant. The surveying details for each location should include the reduced levels and coordinates. The place that is surveyed and marked as the pile position shall not be disturbed prior to the commencement of boring works.
DRILLING
All the associated technical information such as presence of services, pile coordinates, platform and cut-off levels, validity of drawings etc need to be verified by the client's representative to begin the operations. If needed, after setting up the pile location by the surveyor, a temporary casing will be placed according to the ground conditions. The vertical accuracy of the casing will be checked while the installation process is done. Rotary Kelly bar and the auger or bucket method are used to carry out excavation of the soil inside the casing or bored holes. Once the drilling process begins, the auger or drilling bucket is then used to drill into the ground until the required depth or till it hits a hard rock which is capable of load bearing.
The point of when encountering a hard rock while boring as it is defined in the contract specification, for example, once the auger or drilling...
... middle of paper ...
...be concreted using the “tremie’ method. The type of concrete used will be a self-compacting mixed concrete and it will be discharged by a tremie pipe, which is then lowered uniformly aligned to the middle while descending until the bottom of the bored hole followed by filling of concrete. The level of concrete in the borehole was recorded after each truck discharged and the plotting of the graph will be against theoretical. The concrete should be continuously embedded in one length to make sure that the discharge of concrete is level of the impurities, which may be seen at the top part of the rising head of the concrete. The testing of all the piling work should be done by following the Engineer’s or Engineers Representative’s instructions. Completed piles shall be temporarily fortified and to be backfilled to ground level with a suitable material the following day.
The working document includes repeated references to gravel pit reclamation, including repeated requirements for plans, security de...
As previously mentioned, the modern techniques used for mining are extremely different than those of prehistoric times. In the early history of mining, ancient peoples dug for materials close to the earth surface with make shift shovels and pics; as one could imagine, this...
...icient geotechnical investigation for the given development, unrealistic soil performance for given development and development constraints and restriction leading to inappropriate equipment or techniques. Consultant’s design and specifications may impose unrealistic demands on solutions. Client’s brief may fail to convey end usage; insufficient geotechnical investigation could lead to inappropriate design while on site conditions may be different to assumptions or what has been written. On the other hand flawed design and insufficient site preparation may lead to construction of structures which are likely to fail in the near future. Poor methodology and planning practices include: inappropriate or poor choice of equipment, lack of experience and understanding, lack of awareness and consequence of failure, bad workmanship and shortcutting and lack of monitoring,
3) Super workable concretes have the ability to fill the heavily reinforced sections without internal or external vibration, without segregation and without developing large sized voids
Different rock types lead to different geological construction. According to different types of geological construction, different areas and regions have their own characteristics and functions for land use.
[17] BS 4550-3.4:1978. Methods of testing cement, Physical tests, Strength tests. British Standards Institution ; 2007.
The function of the rubble trench foundation is same as the normal foundation which to sustain the load of the structural. Rubble trench foundation is a continuous trench that filled with crushed stone and topped with a certain grade of concrete beam. Rubble trench foundation provides both structural bearing and water drainage in a single foundation system. The width of the trench of the beam is build to determine the bearing capacity against the load. Besides that, the stone filled at the bottom provide the cover for the continuous drain along the entire of the foundation perimeter. On the other hand, it provides the prevention of potential heaving caused by the water freeze at the bottom of the building structure.
In this report, we will introduce and illustrate on precast concrete, pre-stressed concrete, ready-mix concrete, reinforced concrete, terrazzo and Urbanite in details.
Throughout the construction industry, technology plays a role to help ease the completion of a project to all of the parties involved. The amount of technology application in the industry supports the belief that technology has a positive impact on project productivity. One of the main materials used in the construction industry that surrounds us every day, in which we overlook, is concrete. Concrete is an art form, in which it takes time and talent in order for it to be used efficiently, to produce its high strength and longevity. However, the downfall of this material is that it is extremely costly and nearly impossible to form it to an aesthetically pleasing surface. In spite of this, what if I told you that there is hope? That the dream of a material made of concrete, producing the same qualities, can be formed to any shape, and used anywhere was a reality.
Within the past decade, the Tiger-Stone was created by a Dutch inventor, Henk van Kuijk. This simple machine basically “prints” brick roads that can stretch for miles. The hand-fed paving machine, nearly 20 feet (6 meters) wide at its largest size, uses gravity to slide the bricks in place on the road while maintaining the desired pattern and width of the road (Shenky, 2012). The Tiger-Stone rides on a set of crawler tracks placed towards its center, under the machine, and has a platform for the workers to feed the bricks through the machine on the metal slide. Through its efficient and quick process, the Tiger-Stone has expedited the construction of paving brick roads, walkways, garden paths, and sidewalks. Laying bricks can be back-breaking ...
Dragging the limestone up the quarry was a lot of work and was very time
Construction process is carried by construction sectors at north portal and south portal of the tunnel and the tunnel construction region. Southbound construction sector is mainly working on expanding Maioro Street interchange to connect at state highway 20 while Northern construction zone connecting the tunnels at state highway 16. Tunnel boring machine working at the tunnel construction sector is building the 13.1m diameter tunnel underground for 2.4km.
While site works need to be processed for the footing installation, it is essential to consider the planning and design of the footings. The essential first step is to dial before you dig to have all the underground utilities located so that directional drilling will not pierce through the subterranean pipes and cables. Secondly, a soil investigation report is required for engineers to classify the underlying foundation with different characteristic and quality in order to design footings that suits particular types of soils. Furthermore, consider the building loads that will impart from the columns, cranes or heavy storage loads to the footings, and design it to withstand thes...
Historically, Civil Engineering is the oldest branch of engineering and dates back at least 5,000 years to the profession of "master builder" involving pyramids, temples and irrigation projects. Engineering has changed greatly since those days but the fundamental principles have stayed the same. Engineers solve peoples problems with applied science and innovation.
...nical Engineers study soils and rocks to make sure or investigate if a surface or a subsurface is appropriate to build a structure on or in it. One major thing that Geotechnical Engineers do is double-checking the placement of the foundations and if the soil under it could handle the amount of stress put. If soil assessment indicated something wrong with soil properties, it may be fixed through ground improvements like treating the soil mass. These processes helped in saving alot of money and time and it made buildings last longer.