The nature of trends (migration, population etc), shocks (floods, death of family members etc) and seasonality (employment opportunity, prices etc) over which people have limited or no control. These factors make people vulnerable as well as having direct impacts on people’s assets status by creating or perpetuating vulnerability and poverty. Based on the factors outlined above, there is no need for institutional and policy intervention through structures and processes to manage the vulnerability context. This situation can only be managed by aiding people to become more resilient by supporting the poor to build up their assets and translating them into livelihood strategies outcomes. Transforming structures and processes do not only help …show more content…
The extent of the consequences of urban expansion on livelihoods largely relies on the sources of livelihood and the type of assets available to each household and how efficiently they are able to utilize it. Urban households depend on several livelihood resources so as to develop their livelihood strategies and outcomes. The various types of assets that people have determine how they are able to see their way through the opportunities and difficulties that come with urbanization. The five framework assets are explained as the …show more content…
Most of the effects of urbanization on the environment adversely affect the wellbeing of the people. The effects start from the health implication of the pollution of natural resources. Improper disposal of waste and environmental degradation which most cities suffer from coupled with the pollution of water bodies make people vulnerable to all kind of diseases and infections. This has a toll on socio-economic conditions of people and as their productivity is reduced due to the impacts pollution has on their health conditions. Capability is a component of sustainable livelihood; this is because diseases affect people’s ability to work. On the other hand, urbanization gives people access to build their capabilities by providing opportunities to education, skills technology etc. for example, the quality of education individuals are able to access largely depends on the kind of information they have. The knowledge horizons of people are increased by the flow of people and
With urban population growth, both ecological and industrial consequences directly affect those in poverty and the urban poor. Slums usually develop in the worst types of terrain, and lead to flooding, landslides, and fires that destroy thousands of people’s homes. Yet population growth and the amounts of waste created by urban civilizations are also pushed on the hidden faces and locations of those on the outskirts of the cities. “If natural hazards are magnified by urban poverty, new and entirely artificial hazards are created by poverty’s interactions with toxic industries, anarchic traffic, and collapsing infrastructures” (Davis 128).
The challenges faced in many communities include substandard infrastructures, acute shortage and deterioration of housing, insufficient public facilities, unemployment as well as poor sanitation. Even though many responses such as housing schemes, construction of some public facilities and road expansions have been undertaken, many still live in extreme conditions and reside far away from work
Revitalization leads to demolition and destruction of inheritable homes and neighborhoods of the poor and the minorities. Many poor individuals are displaced of small business which acts as a source of their
A general situation of urbanization trend in developing countries and developed countries is increasing. In 18th Century only 3% of the world total population lived in urban areas but as projected in 2000 this number will increase at above 50% (UN as cited in Elliot, 1999, p. 144). According to UN (as cited in Elliot, 1999, p.144), it is figured that the total urban population in developing countries has increased from approximately 400 millions people in 1950 to approximately 2000 millions people in 2000. At the same time, total urban population in developed countries is double...
Let us have a look at the definition of livelihood and its sustainability. Livelihood is defined as "A livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets (including both material and social resources) and activities required for a means of living." (Source: Chambers, Conway, December 1992) Capabilities of the household to address the needs to be fulfilled to live the dignified life can be enhanced by ensuring sustainable livelihood. Sustainable livelihood can be defined as follows – “A livelihood is sustainable which can cope with and recover from stress and shocks, maintain or enhance capabilities or assets, and provide sustainable livelihood opportunities for next generation”. (Source: Chambers, Conway, December 1992)
The Negative Effects of Urbanization on People and their Environment As our world becomes increasingly globalized, numerous people travel to urban areas in search of economic prosperity. As a consequence of this, cities in periphery countries expand at rates of 4 to 7 percent annually. Many cities offer entrepreneurs the potential for resources, labor, and resources. With prosperity, cities also allow the freedom of a diversity of ways of life and manners (Knox & Marston, 2012). However, in the quest to be prosperous, increasing burdens are placed on our health and the condition of our environment.
Urbanization has to deal with the construction of new modernized construction and the use of technology, in total it means advancing from the local to make modernized place and an industrial site. Also it includes the construction of infrastructural buildings, infrastructural buildings are buildings that are constructed for the betterment of the country for the people it includes hospital, schools, bridges, water supplies and different other buildings. Most of the land were covered by the trees, and they only few people living there, in order to develop a modernized place, or an urbanized place, construction needs to be made. In the determination of making an urbanized place where factories and all could be done, practice such as deforestation is done. Lands that were filled with tees are then cutting in order to satisfy the project of urbanization. The urbanized places are still developing which increases the rate of
It is also characterised by absence of participation in community decision making and in civil, social, economical and cultural life. It may occurs in all countries: as mass poverty in majority developing countries, pockets of poverty amid wealth in advanced countries, loss of livelihoods as a result from economic recession, sudden poverty as a result from disaster and conflict, the poverty of low-wage market workers, and the utter destitution of people who fall outside family assistance systems, social institutions and safety nets (WB, 2000).
On the other hand, urbanization in the developing countries differed from the process of urbanization in the West. In the Third World, throug...
...population distribution designed to reduce the rate of rural-urban migration appears to have had limited success in many developing countries. Policies must be directed at altering the rural economy in order to slow the rate of urban sprawl. Broad land use planning and changing of planning standards and governmental procedures would go a long way to reduce many of the problems that face urban populations in the developing areas, especially Africa. Urbanization can cause a lot of problems for a city or even a country. It can cause cities to become overpopulated which are known as mega-cites, and cause problems with living arrangements and finding a job. Urbanization can also cause health problems. Urbanization is supposed to be good for developing countries on the rise but with this rapid growth in Africa, these problems can become a major concern in the future.
With the development of urbanization, an increasing number of social problems have emerged. These problems will decelerate the urban development, however, there are many ways in which sustainable development can reduce the impact of these urbanization problems. “Sustainable development seeks to improve the quality of human life without undermining the quality of our natural environment” (Adams, W.M. 1999). Actually, sustainable development can partly solve the urbanization problems, for it can reduce the impact of the problems such as traffic jam, housing shortage and severe pollution, but it is difficult to completely solve these problems in a short time.
In developing countries, small-scale rural squatters, struggling to earn enough income, often seek alternative means of employment in major cities. Majority of squatter settlement households are categorised in the lower income group, often earning income at the near minimum wage level (Srinivas 2005). Therefore, their primary concern is a source of income and place of employment. Due to the size of urban areas and the variety of job opportunities on offer, squatters are drawn to the ‘bright lights’ of opportunity and chance on offer in major cities, such as having their children attend school (Kramer
...ffects on human health. These have high negative effects on low income areas, as a result of pollution, visual, oral and air, as well as high levels of overcrowding. The World Health Organisation predicts that in the next 30years most of the world’s population growth will occur in cities and towns of poor countries. This rapid, unplanned and unsustainable pattern of urbanisation, is creating cities into focal points for environmental and health hazards (World Medical Association, 2010).
Common characteristics of slums are high crime rate, gender based violence, poor health services, water quality, poor sanitation and severe poverty. These living conditions deteriorates people’s well-being. In addition, population in slums continue to grow due to urbanisation. Generally, most developing countries are not able to deal with the situation effectively because of constraint financial resources. However, numerous international organisations provide funds to improve slum conditions (Mutisya and Yarim, 2011). These international organisations includes Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) that work with Community Based Organisations (CBOs), financial institutions, private sector, Multilateral and Bilateral agencies in collaboration with recipient governments and civil society to improve people’s livelihoods in slums (Cronin and Guthrie, 2011). Some of the interventions includes construction of schools, water kiosks, health centres and building pit latrines or toilets.
The environment is important to human growth, survival and development. The environment from the history course is essential for provision of basic human needs such as shelter, water, food and clothing. People should utilize the present resources which were preserved by our forefathers to enhance sustainable development. Unsustainable activities are currently taking place unlike in the past. The environment is being degraded as people build modern houses and encroach in to water catchment areas. Globalization, improve in technology and other modern activities have caused harm to the environment. Pollution is currently the key issue causing environmental degradation. History informs us that in the past pollution was absent since the environment was maintained natural unlike currently where environmental pollution is a global concern. From the same history course it is observed that the environment is the most crucial thing which makes it possible for survival of humans and other organisms. This paper describes relationship between history and environment and current activities leading to unsustainable development.