The Concept of Transcendence in Heidegger
ABSTRACT: The history of Heideggerian commentaries confront us with a string of parallel concepts: metaphysics and theology, onto-theology and Christian theology, thought and faith, Being and God, and so on. It should also be noted that these different dual concepts have served, in various ways, several strategies for the interpretation of Heidegger. These various strategies are summarized as follows: the relation between philosophy and theology in the thought of Heidegger is threefold and should be read to the rhythm of his thinking according to the themes of facticity and transcendence.
History of heideggerian commentaries confronts us with a series of parallel notions : "Metaphysics and Theology", "Onto-Theology and Christian Theology", "Theology and Faith" and finally "Being and God". I should also point out that these different dual concepts organise several strategies to interpret Heidegger.
These strategies can be gathered under four grand points.
First of all, a diagnosis in terms of "secularised Theology" coupled with an exitentialisation of the fundamental concepts presiding over the duality of the Dasein. According to this diagnosis, Heidegger's work is seen, in the best case, as a veiled revival of christian Theology.
In this perspective it is appropriate to recapture the existential analysis and to open it up towards the theological language, since he has never really been far from it.
A second way of reading the relation between Philosophy and Theology in Heidegger's work consist in organising a "theological deconstruction" within christian Theology.
A third strategy prefers to read the link between Philosophy and Theology in terms of territorial delimitation, a sort of epistemological "Yalta" between two speculative exercises.
Finally, I should mention a fourth type of strategy which finds its origin in the "ontological difference" and wants to renew the terms of proximity to the divine.
The recent publication of some of Heidegger's unpublished works pleads for a renewed reading and gives credit to the hypothesis which I summarise as follows : the relation between Philosophy and Theology in Heidegger's thought is threefold and coextensive with Heidegger's thinking itself, according to the two themes of "facticity" and "transcendence". (1)
I. THREE TOPICS
The different meanings of the concept of Philosophy and Theology point to three topics concerning the relation of Philosophy and Theology as such. These topics should be formulated as follows : first of all as the relation between "Philosophy and Scriptural Theology". Ontology, as a science, while distanciating itself from whatever "Weltanschauung", happens in rigorous fidelity to the philosophical adventure.
R.S.’s clinical findings as a consequence of his chronic bronchitis are likely to include: being overweight, experiencing shortness of breath on exertion, producing excessive amount of sputum, having a chronic productive cough, as well as edema and hypervolemia just to name a few. (Copstead & Banasik, 548) Some of these signs and symptoms would be different if R.S. had emphysematous COPD. In emphysema (or “pink puffers”), there is weight loss, the cough is absent or negligible, and edema is not present. While central cyanosis and jugular vein distention are present in late chronic bronchitis, these pathologic manifestations are absent in emphysema. . (Copstead & Banasik, 549)
Peterson, Michael - Hasker, Reichenbach and Basinger. Philosophy of Religion - Selected Readings, Fourth Edition. 2010. Oxford University Press, NY.
Having emphysema and bronchitis together is known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Symptoms will include:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD is a group of progressive lung diseases that block airflow and make it hard to breathe. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the most common types of COPD (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2016, p 557). Primary symptoms include coughing, mucus, chest pain, shortness of breath, and wheezing (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2016, p.557). COPD develops slowly and worsens over time if not treated during early stages. The disease has no cure, but medication and disease management can slow its progress and make one feel better (NIH, 2013)
More generally, the outcome of the progression of Heidegger's argument is the thought that the being of Dasein is time. Nevertheless, Heidegger concludes his work with a set of enigmatic questions
Kraus, Peter. "Heidegger on nothingness and the meaning of Being." Death and Philosophy. Ed. Jeff Malpas and Robert C. Solomon. New York: Routledge, 1998.
Martin Heidegger’s memorial address, delivered in Germany in 1955, is both a call for action – not only to the people of Germany, but to the population of man across each continent – as well as a notion concerning the future of mankind. When described using elements of rhetoric, or styles rather, these very specific directions Heidegger chose to take his speech fall into two distinct but concomitant classifications: deliberative and epideictic. Concomitant in the sense that both arguments, throughout the address, are woven together masterfully and rely on one another to explain Heidegger’s assertions.
Emphysema causes the patient to use more muscles to push the air out of the alveoli which causes barrel chest. Other symptoms that can occur includes shortness of breath and dyspnea that will increase. Circumoral cyanosis and symptoms of right ventricular heart failure can also occur as the disease progresses. Emphysema diagnosis is normally symptomatic, which helps in the proper diagnosis. Emphysema can be diagnosed by patient history and clinical exam, pulmonary function studies and radiologic chest studies also help in the diagnosis. Due to the fact that emphysema is not asymptomatic, the diagnosis is much easier when present in the medical office. Certain signs that doctors look for any breathing difficulties, hypertension, polycythemia, wheezing and barrel chest appearance. Other symptoms that can occur include hepatomegaly, edema, blue-ish discoloration around the mouth and clubbed fingers which encourages treatment options that need to be considered. Drug therapy treatment options for emphysema includes adrenergic sympathomimetic drug or can be used in combination with corticosteroid. Other treatment options include medications for GERD, oxygen therapy and in certain cases surgery could be considered. Treatment methods encourage the patient to avoid any pulmonary irritants, getting their flu shot annually, and pulmonary rehabilitation. Unfortunately, the prognosis for emphysema is very poor. This disease is actually one of the most common causes of death in the U.S.. Prevention of emphysema is basic education about health risk that can occur from long-term smoking. Also parents should make sure to prevent repeated respiratory infection from occurring to limit the
Rüdiger Safranski. Martin Heidegger: Between Good and Evil. Trans. Ewald Osers. Cambridge, MA/London: Harvard UP, 1998.
St. Augustine is a man with a rational mind. As a philosopher, scholar, and teacher of rhetoric, he is trained in and practices the art of logical thought and coherent reasoning. The pursuits of his life guide him to seek concrete answers to specific questions. Religion, the practice of which relies primarily on faith—occasionally blind faith—presents itself as unable to be penetrated by any sort of scientific study or inquiry. Yet, like a true scientist and philosopher, one of the first questions St. Augustine poses in his Confessions is: “What, then, is the God I worship” (23)? For a long time, Augustine searches for knowledge about God as a physical body, a particular entity—almost as if the Lord were merely a human being, given the divine right to become the active figurehead of the Christian religion.
...s distributed in Theology 101 at the University of Notre Dame, Fremantle on 22 April 2008.
“Photosynthesis (literally, “synthesis from light”) is a metabolic process by which the energy of sunlight is captured and used to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into carbohydrates (which is represented as a six-carbon sugar, C6H12O6) and oxygen gas (O2)” (BioPortal, n.d., p. 190).
Heidegger opened the world of philosophy through his words and his innovative definitions for things that we weren’t even worried about over complicating. Instead of solely expressing being as an abstract form that was made popular by Plato and Aristotle, Heidegger instead found interest in the simple idea of existence. Presence was the firsthand traditional proof of existence.
Hegel is considered one of the most famous German philosopher’s who wrote and taught during the early 1800’s. Hegel thought that humanity and civilizations was inevitable working towards becoming a free society in hope that this idea and process would spread throughout the world. Many of Hegel’s ideas such as his dialect and triad greatly influenced the 19th century. This movement also translated over into the ideas and findings of people in the new world with liberal and free market democracies who represent the final state of Hegel’s progress. Hegel’s ideas can all be seen as part of a progression and broken down and explained through his teachings and theories, the Hegelian triad, and the legacy that Hegel left behind.
One of the two common diseases that fall into the group called Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Other type of condition is known as Bronchitis. Another means by which Emphysema is a type of lung disease and it develop in smokers and people who work in polluted areas. Globally, it is estimated that about 3 million deaths were caused by the disease in 2015 (World Health Organization). This condition is mainly caused in smokers and people who work or settled in highly polluted areas by chemicals, fumes emitted from factories and so on. Therefore these can damage the small air sacs called alveoli in lungs and get weaken, have very thin walls and delicate. The alveoli wall reduces the surface area, elasticity and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide carried by blood stream.