Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)
The concept of “strategic environmental assessment” has been introduced few decades ago (Therivel et al, 1992, World Bank, 1992). SEA which operates at policy, plan and program level was first institutionalized by NEPA in 1969 (Posas, 2011). The key focus on “sustainable development” in the early 1990s leads to the need of strategic transformation of social systems towards sustainability. The concept of SEA was widely accepted by different countries and jurisdictions such as Netherlands, Canada etc. SEA has been defined as “the formalized, systematic and comprehensive process of identifying and evaluating the environmental consequences of proposed policies, plans or programs to ensure that they are
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The context of SEA can be established by screening, setting the objectives and identifying the relevant stakeholders etc. The screening stage will determine whether the SEA is needed as depends on the legal requirements or the nature of the plans, programs and policies. The SEA implementation stage consists of several procedures such as scoping and identification of alternatives, impact assessment and environmental report writing. Scoping is carry out to set the parameters of the assessment and determine which information will be included in the SEA process and associated environmental report (Fischer ,2007). Analysis of alternatives at the strategic level can facilitate more powerful decision making for sustainability, which incorporates social, economic, and environmental pillars of sustainability and yet recognizes that there will be conflicts, compromises, and trade-offs (Desmond, 2007; Gibson, 2006). The environmental report influences the decision-making process, where the stakeholders weigh and reconcile economic and social considerations with the environmental ones identified in the SEA report. Monitoring is important to the extent to which environmental objectives or recommendations made in the SEA …show more content…
However, some case studies of SEA studies in India, which have been done as per the directives of International and other foreign national agencies. Later, In 2012 Government of India developed a tool kit on Environmental assessments- Strategic environmental assessment and Environmental Impact Assessment for urban transport sector projects. The SEA experience in India is very limited and few studies have been carried out which can be effectively called as SEA while in comparison with other nations (Pawan Kumar & Sarin, 2003., Reddy et al, 2004., Pawan Kumar, 2005). Gupta and Yunus (2004) reported India has to focus more on tools like natural resource accounting, strategic environmental assessment, life cycle assessment etc. Rajwanshi (2001) has undertaken SEA for an environmental appraisal to evaluate proposed investment under India Eco-development Project (IEP). A Strategic Environmental Assessment for Palar Basin in Tamil Nadu was done that dealt with scoping, capacity building identification and analysis of issues and forming the vision and guiding principles on the behest of the World Bank which funded the project in 2001 (TNPWD, 2003). SEA of Master tourism plan in Andaman was carried out to identify bottlenecks for eco-tourism without jeopardizing sensitive ecosystem
Ocean Pollution is a serious issue in today's global politics. The delicate balance of Earth's ecosystem is put in jeopardy when the ocean is not clean. Problem evolving from ocean pollution directly harm marine life and indirectly affect human health and the Earth's many valuable resources. Ocean Pollution is a Broad term that encpompasses any and all foregin matter that directly or indirectly makes its way into the ocean. This includes everything from the extreme: oil spills, Toxic Waste dumping and industrial dumping-- to the small scael: human activities and basic carelessness. Because the oceans and all other water bodies are invariably, somehow connected, and because they account for 3/4 of the Earth's surface, they are an ideal method of transportation for pollution, allowing the rapid spread of seemingly far away toxins into a river near you! It is increasingly important that we educate ourselves as to what, exactly, ocean pollution is, so that we can identify the causes at their source and take action in small and large ways, and hopefully, prevent this terrible form of pollution from getting any worse than it is today.
Rayfuse, R., Lawrence, M.G., Gjerde, and K.M. “Ocean fertilization and climate change: The need to regulate emerging high seas uses.” The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. 2008. Vol. 23, 297-326.
Sustainability grows into a collective tenure in commercial morals, environs and is extensively used by the administrations, businesses, advisers etc. In recent times the conception of sustainability is widened,nowadays it not only comprisesecologicaldeliberation but also monetary and communityconcern. (Elkington, 1998).
The article analyzed is “Oceans of Pollution” written by Dahr Jamail. This article indicates that the hush impacts of oceans pollution that made by humans. Plastic pollution and the phenomenon “dead zones” cause a great impacts of oceans pollution. There is plastic everywhere in the ocean which affected the marine life badly. In addition, the food chain is affecting fish fertility rates. This causes food security problem and affects coastal populations. The experts are concern about this issue. Furthermore, the author uses three strategies, logos, pathos and ethos to make the article more persuasive. At the end of the article, there are some solutions for tackling the problem of oceans pollution.
In this simulation reflection paper, I will explain how the concepts of risk and uncertainty associated with the decision making process in the case of Rotterdam Harbor where there is a complex social, environmental and economic marine environmental quality problem. Such complexity of the nature-society interactions at its inception requires interdisciplinary approach. Thus, both the natural sciences (-part) disciplines and socioeconomic realties (social science, -part) are important to fully understand and solve the problems in the Rotterdam Harbor. In addition in this type of circumstances where the situation is in urgent need of a solution to the problem, decision making is not straightforward and rational. Hence, it needs the involvement of network of different independent actors or pluricentric form governance, where the actors may engage through conflict or cooperation, struggle, power play or dialogue or a combination of all these.
In conclusion, Blue Ocean Strategy is a book with promise that unfortunately does not follow through. Although the book is well-written in the aspect of professionalism, visuals, and evidence, Blue Ocean Strategy’s content is what makes it a poor book. After finishing the book, readers are left wondering what to take away, as the book was over filled with examples and repetition. More importantly, readers feel as if the content is self-evident and that nothing new or awe-inspiring was written. For these reasons, my colleague and I do not recommend reading the book Blue Ocean Strategy.
The aim of the workshop was to contribute to sustainable development in the African region by strengthening the knowledge base related to Socio –Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS) in the African region. The workshop brought various participants from the various African region e.g. Kenya, Liberia, Cameroun, Malawi, South Africa amongst others to share their experiences, and they shared knowledge through presentations and dialogue in order to contribute to international policy-making and scientific
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) entails a multifaceted appraisement of the possible aftermath caused by a project or action on the surrounding man-made and natural environment (Wood, 2003). This systematic process requires the involvement of all interested stakeholders in the process and the public, in order to achieve a widespread consent on the planned project and mitigation strategies proposed [European Commission (EC), 2014].
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) evaluates the environmental impact of policies, plans and programs (or strategic proposals/decisions). The objective of SEA is to mainstream the environmental consideration at the earlier phase of decision making and improved governance through reducing administrative burden via avoiding project level EIA and duplication along the ministries (Fischer 2007; Therivel 2010; Fundingsland Tetlow and Hanusch 2012).
At one point in the last year there were three ships in Tauranga’s harbour, the were the Voyager of the Seas which held 3000 people, the Seven Seas Mariner with 700 people on board and Seaborne Odyssey with 462. These three ships were investigated by the international network Friends of the Earth, they found out that all three failed the environmental assessment set by them. Royal Caribbean international had A 's for sewage and water quality, but F for air pollution. The same goes for The Seaborne Odyssey but Regent Seven Seas Cruises is the worst with a C+ for sewage, A for water Quality and again F for air pollution. The F means that they failed to co-operate with Friends of the Earth processes. Having all three cruises in Tauranga running for a day or two would have had bad impacts in Tauranga’s clean air, the average cruise ship realises more sulphur dioxide than 13 million cars. To fix this problem, Friends of the Earth are influencing people to choose their cruise after looking at the environmental effects right now Carnival cruises has the best environmental rating. To limit air pollution at New Zealand ports, more cruises opt to use off shore power while
The development of environmental regimes involves a five-fold process. The first process is the agenda setting and issue definition stage, which identifies and brings attention to an issue to the international community. Secon...
Bowermaster, Jon. Oceans: The Threats to Our Seas and What You Can Do to Turn the Tide: A Participant Media Guide. New York: PublicAffairs, 2010. Print.
Starting with the 1972 UN Convention, environmental politics became a phenomena that swept across the world and the EU was not immune to this contagious excitement and began the process with seven unique Environmental Action Programs (EAP). The first program began in 1973 and had three major points: (1) the prevention, reduction and containment of environmental damage, (2) the conservation of an ecological equilibrium, and (3) the rational use of natural resources. This was a very traditional approach and would be expanded upon in the future but a...
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is assessment of impacts on the environment due to proposed activity and finding ways to mitigate the environmental impacts.
We all know the urbanization rate is an index to value the development of a country. However, though urbanization provides great convenience to some individuals, it also brings about negative effects. Problems such as pollution, overcrowded and the high unemployment appear during the process of urbanization and they are hard to cope with. In face of the sequence of problems, a new way of development ----sustainable development was put forward. Just like its literal meaning, the word sustainability has something to do with continuity. It was used since 1980s and first appeared in Britain law in 1993. Sustainable development can help solve parts of the problem caused by urbanization, including environmental damage, overuse of resources, and natural disasters.