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After the collapse of the Soviet Union, a number of Russians remained in the states that were the former soviets. The composition of the Russian speakers that were left in every state is different. The former soviets include Armenia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Latvia, Moldova, Lithuania, Tajikistan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Estonia, Belarus and Azerbaijan. This essay discusses the percentage of the Russian speakers that were left in every state. It also discusses the change in their numerical composition over time since the collapse of the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union collapsed in 1991. Most of the demographic figures were provided in 1989 during the last Soviet Union Census. During the collapse of the Soviet Union, the ethnic Russians in Armenia composed of the minority population. The number of the Russian speaking population was at 1.6 %. Only 33 % of the Russians could talk Armenian language fluently. The number of ethnic Russians living in Armenia has since then declined. It is estimated that between 1990 and 1998, more than 45 % of the Russian speaking people left Armenia. This migration has reduced the number of ethnic Russians to a paltry 15000. Armenia is almost entirely a mono-ethnic country. The question of the Russians does not affect the political landscape of the country. However, the country still uses Russian language alongside the Armenian language is schools. Azerbaijan had 5.6 % of ethnic Russians in the 1989 census. This can be estimated as the number of the ethnic Russians in the country after the collapse of the Soviet Union. This equaled 392 000 people in the country. By 1999, the number of the ethnic Russians had decreased by a big margin. The 1999 census showed that the country had 171 000 ethnic Russians, representing 2.2 % ethnic composition (Skutsch, 2013). The 2009 national census of the government of Azerbaijan showed a decreasing number of Russians in the country. The census revealed that the number of Russians had dropped further to 19,300. The reduction in the number of ethnic Russians has not caused any significant changes in the sociopolitical landscape of the country. Kyrgyzstan had 21.4 % composition of ethnic Russians at the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union (Münz & Ohliger, 2003). The net migration of Russians has resulted in a reduction in their composition.
Historically, Russia has always been a country of perplexing dualities. The reality of Dual Russia, the separation of the official culture from that of the common people, persisted after the Revolution of 1917 and the Civil War. The Czarist Russia was at once modernized and backward: St. Petersburg and Moscow stood as the highly developed industrial centers of the country and two of the capitals of Europe, yet the overwhelming majority of the population were subsistent farms who lived on mir; French was the official language and the elites were highly literate, yet 82% of the populati...
The Slavophile and westernizer conflict is an inherent cultural question that Russians must answer about their country. Russian thinkers have long been fragmented between the Westernizer and the Slavophile viewpoint. Both disagreed about the true nature of the country as well as its relation with the West. It is a problem that has plagued Russia for centuries, and continues to do so to this day. Adopting the mindset of recognizing this conflict is essential to better understanding Russian history as well as the motives and thought processes of Russian leaders today.
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia has undergone many changes. These changes were very profound and included the drastic restructuring of both the political structure and the economy. When the Russian people became dissatisfied with the communist system, they pushed for a regime change, which resulted in the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the introduction of a democratic system. Along with these political changes came the economic change from communism to a free market system. The new system and the old system, while initially seeming like they have many differences, are similar in the corruptness and oppression of the people. Because of this, the political and economic transitions from the old system of communism to the new democratic system in Russia have not been successful.
Poverty is a huge problem facing Russia. In a country with such long traditions of statistical manipulation and hostility to the inquiries of the state, it is not easy to pin down the true extent of poverty in Russia. But there is little doubt that the picture is looking increasingly bleak. United Nations figures suggest that the purchasing power of average income in the USSR in 1987 was about $6,000 or 32 per cent of the level of the US (Andrew, "POVERTY: Bleak future for the poor"). By 1996, it was just $4,531 in adjusted terms, or 17 per cent of the US level (Andrew, "POVERTY: Bleak future for the poor"). Since the collapse of the Sovie...
History. In the North Caucasus, Chechens endured centuries of conquests by Russian, which they contended through resistance. In 1834, the Russians began their conquests of the North Caucasus and completed them in 1859 (“BBC News Timeline”, 2011). Chechens attempted to separate from Russia by establishing an autonomous region in 1922. This region later became the Chechen- Inguish Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1934 (2011). Then Stalin deported Chechens from Chechnya in 1944, because he believed the Chechens collaborated with the Germans (“Chechen Terrorism”). Stalin’s accusation epitomizes Gultung’s definition of cultural violence, as he justified deporting the Chechens with the accusation (Galtung, 1999). The deportations exemplify Burton’s definition of structural violence, a deprivation of needs caused by policies and institutions (Burton, 1997). As a result, the Chechens lost t...
Originally born in Moscow, Russia, I came to the United States fourteen years ago with my parents along with my unrelated brother as their newly adopted children. Transitioning to a new country can be hard, but not knowing the language is even harder. For the first few years of my life, I struggled to speak, write and read any English. Since then, I have become acclimated to the American culture and state of mind and learned English proficiently, but, lost touch with my mother tongue because I spoke minimal Russian. I have always been proud to acknowledge and tell others that I am adopted from Mother Russia. However, over the past several years my curiosity and desire to learn about my native homeland have increased significantly. My interest in the Russian language reignited last year when I overheard a Russian and Kazakh having a conversation in Russian. I soon found myself listening to anyone anywhere, who spoke Russian.
The people that live in the Caucasus Mountains are not the same as the Russian people. In 1864, Chechens surrendered to Russia. During Russia's quest for national expansion, Russia desired the lands in the Caucasus region and fought against and conquered the people in the mountainous area.
Sbornik dokumentov. (1996). Natsional’no-osvoboditel’naia bor’ba Kazakhskogo naroda pod predvoditel’stvom Kenesary Kasymova (Sbornk dokumentov). Almaty, 1996, p. 39, 121-122
This war has given rise to a huge influx of racial hatred that has again helped Putin. Because the majority of the Chechen’s are Muslim, and not of the same ethnic background as Russians, racial discrimination has helped to boost the wars popularity and subsequently Putins. The security of oil in the southern Caucasus states and its transportation routes are the main influential factors in the...
Birgerson, Susanne Michelle. "Empires and the Case of the Soviet Union." After the Breakup of a Multi-Ethnic Empire: Russia, Successor States, and Eurasian Security. Westport: Praeger Publishers, 2002. 16-44.
It is thought that over 81% of the Russian’s are estimated 150 million people speak the country’s official language, Russian, as their first and only language. Most speakers of the minority language are also bilingual speakers of Russian. There are more than 100 minority languages spoken in Russia. The most popular language, Tartar, is the language by more than 3% of the population. Other languages include Ukrainian, Chuvash, Basher, Mordvin and Chechen. These languages are prominent in key regional areas and make up less than 1% of the Russian population.
Franklin, Simon and Emma Widdis, eds. National Identity in Russian Culture: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2004.
Riasanovsky, Nicholas V., and Mark D. Steinberg. A History of Russia. 7th ed. Oxford: Oxford, 2005. Print.
Ukraine is the largest nation to come from the former Soviet satellite states and like the rest of the former communist nations, has a large ethnic division between its citizens. To know why Ukraine is so divided and so passionate in regards to its political views we must look back to the basis of ethnic diversity throughout Ukraine’s history.
Azerbaijan is a small eastern European country. It measures about the size of Maine. The cities are modest. They’ve grown into modern producers of commerce and international business. The capitol of Azerbaijan is Baku. It is located on the far eastern part of the country. Azerbaijan has a population of nine million people. In 2010, 54.1 percent of the population lived in urban locations. The other 45.9 percent live in rural areas (Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan.az). This diversifies the country on a cultural scale.