The Cmapion Land Deal
The acquisition of the so-called “former Champion lands” resulted from one of the most complicated land deals in Vermont history. The Champion Lands in Vermont were part of a larger deal involving almost 300,000 arces in New York, New Hampshire as well as Vermont. The specifics of how the property was transferred to the current owners are relevant because in some cases the provisions of the transfer mandate certain types of management or constrain management in other ways.
On October 8, 1997, Champion International Inc. announced its intention to sell approximately 200,000 acres in the Northern Forest. Champion, and the St. Regis Paper Company before it, had owned these lands for decades, and during the last 20 years of ownership had harvested much of the merchantable spruce, fir and hardwoods on the property.
On December 9, 1998, The Conservation Fund (TCF) of Arlington, Virginia announced that it had signed a contract to purchase Champion’s Vermont holdings, along with an additional 144,000 acres in New York and 18,000 acres in New Hampshire—a total of roughly 294,000 acres in the three states. The overall purchase price was $72.25 million; the price for the Vermont lands was $26,535,000.
TCF did not intend to retain long-term ownership of the Vermont lands, but instead worked in partnership with the Vermont Land Trust (VLT), the Vermont Agency of Natural Resources, the Vermont Housing and Conservation Board, the Vermont Chapter of The Nature Conservancy (TNC), and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to create a new model for the protection and management of large acreages in the “Northern Forest” of the northeastern United States – one that would combine large- and small-scale conserva...
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...n Fund and VLT were able to complete the $26.5 million purchase by pulling together funding from a wide range of sources. In addition to the purchases by Essex ($7.5 million) and the USFWS ($6.5 million), funding to acquire the lands now included in the West Mountain WMA and the easements on the Private Timberlands came from several sources, including the Freeman Foundation ($4 million), the Richard King Mellon Foundation ($4.5 million), the State of Vermont ($4.5 million), the North American Wetlands Conservation Act ($1 million), and numerous smaller foundation grants and individual contributions. State funding was used to acquire the Conservation Easement and the Public Access Easement on the Private Timberlands. The lands now included in the West Mountain WMA were acquired with funding from the Mellon Foundation and the North American Wetlands Conservation Act.
These are very difficult questions for me personally to answer because I live in the Pacific Northwest, and I have seen the beauty of the old growth forests first-hand.
Abbott, Martin. "Free Land, Free Labor and the Freedmen's Bureau." Agricultural History 30.4 (1956): 150-56.
Imagine living alone at 16, thousands of miles from your only family, no friends, and trying to gain land of your own. Hattie Brooks did just that, she was always known as Hattie Here-and-There because her parents died when she was young and she was shipped from relative to relative. She was bound to change that. She wanted something of her own, she wanted a home. So, in 1918 after receiving a letter leaving a homestead claim to her from a long lost uncle Chester she packed up all she owned and moved to Montana. She quickly found out how difficult and demanding farm life was. In order to own the land officially she had to prove up which included having to set 480 rods of fence, cultivate one eighth of land, and pay thirty-seven seventy-five
In the year of 1862, Abraham Lincoln signed the Morrill Land Grant Act providing funds for the creation of land-grant schools in each state in the United States of America. Specifically, this act gave each state “30,000 acres…to establish a college that would promote education in agriculture, mechanics, classical studies and military tactics” (Morrill Act). The act provided each state with government funds to purchase the land, but the state itself was required to find the capital to erect the buildings. The Morrill Act was initially introduced to President Buchanan, but he vetoed it based on his belief that it was “financially draining for the Treasury, a threat to existing colleges, and unconstitutional” (Morrill, J.). On the second occasion
Throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth century a disease dominated the world killing one in three people who caught it, smallpox. The few that survived the disease were left with very disfigured bodies and weak immune systems. In modern days this disease seems very unusual and hard to catch; it is all because of one man, Edward Jenner.
After the Civil War, the United States was torn on how to provide services to freed slaves, or freedmen. Eventually the Freedmen's Bureau emerged from the confusion. This bureau gave food, shelter, and education to freedmen, but also did one more very important service. The Freedmen's Bureau helped to get the emancipated slaves on their feet by providing land to each of them. "Forty acres and a mule"(Abbot, 52) was the amount of land and property that each family or single man in South Carolina was to get. To freedmen, freedom was only achieved when they were in control of some type of property. Unfortunately, three problem arose; the government needed to attain a sufficient amount of land to provide the expected forty acres, distribute that land properly, and later fight the original owners for that land.
by forbidding the sale of any land within the reserve unless it was turned over to the
The job of the immune system is to keep “foreign” invaders out of the body, or if one gets in, to seek it out and kill it. These foreign invaders are called pathogens, which are tiny organisms that can cause an infection in the body. Pathogens can be bacteria, parasites, and fungi (http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/immuneSystem/pages/whatisimmunesystem.aspx).
In order for the government to expand, it needed money. In an attempt to secure additional revenue, the government stopped granting land to the settlement for disbursement amongst their church members and began selling it instead. Anyone, regardless of church affiliation or status, could now obtain their own land by purchasing it directly from the government. The price of the land was determined by its distance from town, the condition of the soil, and whether it had been cleared or improved upon.
The immune system acts as a defense system against unwanted microbes and pathogens in a healthy human being. It prevents them from entering the body, or if they have already entered the body, it stops them from doing harm to the body. The three main tasks of the immune system are neutralizing pathogens that have entered the body and then remove them, recognizing and removing harmful substances from the body, and fighting against its body’s cells that have been altered due to an illness (PubMed Health).
The function of the immune system is it helps play a vital part of our everyday lives. It helps protect our bodies where ever we go. Our immune systems help defend our bodies against germs and microorganisms. The immune system is made up of various special cells, tissues, organs and proteins. This special system does an amazing job of keeping our bodies healthy and in good shape from different diseases and infections.
Pain is a complex and subjective phenomenon that involves biological, psychological, social factors, and cultural. It is interpreted and perceived in the brain. Each individual responds differently to pain because every person has different pain thresholds and tolerances. According to Porth (2009), pai...
Nursing for me is not only a profession, but rather a form of promoting physical and emotional well-being for my patients. At the same time, I consider that the nurse must have the quality to be caring. The patient needs to know that his/her nurse is there to comfort physically and emotionally during hard situations. In addition, nursing it is more than just performing procedures and administering medications. An important characteristic that will help in many aspects to alleviate suffering of my patients is compassion. By showing compassion, the recovery of my patients will have a better outcome. Also, another important aspect of my nursing definition is the presence of knowledge. As nurses, we have to identify and face different situations in the clinical practice if nurses lack the adequate knowledge the patient health outcomes can be jeopardized.
Foner, Eric, and John A. Garraty. "Homestead Act." The Reader's Companion to American History. Dec. 1 1991: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 06 Feb. 2014.
The talk about prescription painkillers prescribed by doctors are starting to be widely debated whether they’re doing more good than harm. The debate on whether painkillers are good for the human health has came into a mild and somewhat highly discussed topic within the last decade. At first prescribed painkillers were thought to be good, but these prescribed painkillers have always been like a double edge sword usually doing better than bad. The side effects from the painkillers used to be very minimal; for example the common side effects were drowsiness, nausea and vomiting, but since the world is a constantly developing place new painkillers are constantly being developed and so are their side effects” ("Types of Pain Medications on RxList.com." RxList. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 May 2014.’). Not only are the side effects becoming worst, but people are becoming severely addicted to them and in some cases their addiction is lethal and not only kills them, but it can also tear a family apart or put a family in great financial debt because of one person addiction. Now when something that been created to do good starts to be questioned whether it’s actually still good or not is major problem majority of the time.