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impact of fossil fuels on the environment
impact of fossil fuels on the environment
fossil fuel and climate change
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The clean air act was established in 1963 by the federal government. Clean air act objectives are to standardize regulations for air pollution stemming from automobiles and industrial plants. Congress has allowed states such as California that have severe air pollution problems to implement their own standards for the emissions of pollutants coming from motor vehicles. Under the Environmental Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA), a designated federal agency sets fuel economy standards for new cars. The plaintiffs argued, among other things, that the EPCA, which explicitly prohibits states from adopting separate fuel economy standards, preempts states from adopting their own emission standards. Is the plaintiffs’ argument valid? Discuss. “State implementation plans contain emission limits and compliance schedules for stationary pollution sources, such as power plants and factories. Depending on the pollutant, plans may also include state measures to reduce emissions from existing vehicles, such as state emissions inspection and maintenance programs that require care with excessive emissions to be tuned-up or repaired.” (The Clean Air Act in a Nutshell) EPA established health-based national air quality standards for common pollutants, in order to protect people. Therefore, plaintiffs’ argument is not valid as stated in the EPA.GOV, “States are responsible for developing enforceable state implementation plans to meet the standards.” (The Clean Air Act in a Nutshell) Nonetheless, EPA offers guidance on state preparation and issues, national emissions standards to shadow, then review states plan to ensure that they are in compliance with the regulations. In order for states to control the quality of air they use computerized air quali... ... middle of paper ... ... confusing tone, there needs to be a standardized uniformity put into action. The plaintiffs also argued that they would go bankrupt if they were forced to adhere to a different GHG standard for each state. Should they be granted relief on this basis? Does history support their claim? Discuss. Numerous regulations have been put in service and have changed over time in order to control new pollutants released into the air. Nonetheless, automobile industry has always been able to evolve and adapt their manufacturing to meet the EPA guidelines. If the automobile production is feeling pressure from EPA, State and Federal governments then it’s time for them to focus on creating innovative environmental friendly cars. Despite the automobile industry needing to conform to new eco-friendly policies, they will not go bankrupt from progressing their automotive engineering.
The Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA is the result of a 1970 executive order by President Richard Nixon for the purpose of protecting the environment of the United States through regulation on business and citizens. Public opinion on the Environmental Protection Agency has been divided fairly evenly across the population of the United States as of recently, as compared to the widespread public concern of the 50’s and 60’s that led to the agency’s creation. Recently the agency has come under scrutiny for its contributions of millions of dollars in grants to researchers in order to hide the potential trade off of its actions in order to further the agency’s agenda. The EPA’s ever-expanding regulation could end up harming more than it actually
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates air pollution through various policies passed through the Supreme Court. The scope of this paper is to investigate the Clean Air Act of 1970, and to analyze the impact it has on businesses and society. It provides a rationale for the policy, and contains a brief overview of governmental involvement in regulating air pollution. Further investigation identifies key stakeholders in business, government, and society, and assesses the pros and cons of regulating air pollution. Finally, the paper concludes with limitations of this analysis and recommendations for future action.
The Clean Air Act (CAA) of 1970, which established nationwide standards for air quality, is one such “unfounded mandate.” Although it is a federal law, states must pay the cost of implementation and enforcement.
The classic command and control system of the Clean Air Act focuses on controlling pollution in the air to a minimum level. There are three types of standards within the command and control system, which include ambient, emission, and technology. Ambient standards regulate the pollution around a surrounding area of an environment. Emission standards regulate emissions level allowed. Technology standards require certain techniques, technologies, and practices to be used. (Command and Control)
Research has proven that there are serious concerns with E15 gasoline and its effect on motor vehicles. Unfortunately, a majority of car owners have never heard of E15 gasoline and are unaware of the damage it can cause to their vehicles. Changing the quality of gasoline available to consumers without their knowledge is irresponsible and unscrupulous. The fact that the government has chosen to ignore industry concerns pertaining to this new blend of gasoline demonstrates they are not following the accepted rules of morally right behavior and therefore they are guilty of unethical behavior.
The quality of air we intake on a daily basis is essential to our health, therefore, the EPA’s Clean Air Act provides the groundwork to support the quality of the air which we breathe. One of the goals of the Act was to set and achieve NAAQS in every state by 1975 to address the public health and welfare risks posed by certain air pollutants. The setting of these pollutant standards was coupled with directing the states to develop state implementation plans (SIPs), applicable to appropriate industrial sources in the stat...
2. California Zero-Emission Vehicle Regulations. 2000. American Lung Association of California. Viewed October 9, 2001
The overall mission of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is “to protect human health and environment” (EPA, 2017). One of the main jobs of the EPA is to implement environmental laws written by congress by writing regulations. The EPA sets nationwide standards that states and their regulations and the enforcement of them. In order to successfully regulate environmental laws, the EPA helps educate companies of the requirements. The EPA overviews the enforcement of The Clean Air Act. The Clean Air Act is a comprehensive federal law which regulates air emissions from stationary and mobile sources (EPA, 2017). The Clean Air Act authorizes the EPA to establish National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs) in order to protect
Congress enacted legislation now known as the Clean Water Act. During the Truman era, originally called the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. The bill Congress passed in 1972 was an overhaul of the original act. The Clean Water Act set limits on the amount of pollutants industries and cities could discharge and gave the Environmental Protection Agency the power to sue and penalize polluters that exceeded those limits. Congress banned DDT, reduced emissions and sued major cities.
One advantage of a national policy is the “Clean Air Act” it is a policy that protects, maintains and save our environmental air quality. Air pollution in the United States in the 1960’s was very poor and one of the main contributors were the petroleum refineries. Air pollution is collectively responsible for more than 70,000 deaths each year in the United States (Ozymy, Jarrett, 2011). Communities living in close proximity to petroleum refineries are especially vulnerable to pollution-related health problems, as they are routinely subjected to harmful air emissions. This policy’s advantages are making and keeping our air as clean as possible by regulating routine emissions.
In September 2015, the Environmental Protection Agency accused Volkswagen of violating the federal Clean Air Act by cheating the emissions tests on its diesel powered vehicles. The German carmaker has since then admitted to installing "defeat devices" in their diesel-engines and has agreed to cooperate fully with the EPA as well as lawmakers and regulators.2. The software installed in Volkswagen’s diesel-engines was programmed to detect when the cars were being tested for nitrogen dioxide emission levels. The “defeat devices” were then able to switch the engines to a cleaner test mode and adjust the engine’s performance to improve and optimize test results. The EPA has ordered a recall of 482,000 Volkswagen diesel cars in the US and an estimated
Regulations have helped tremendously however, there has been an issue with the coal burning plants that were exempted from the Clean Air Act laws because they were grandfathered in. Factory plants that were built before the 1970s were exempted from the new Clean Air Act standards because there was an expectation that since they were already old they would retire soon. Unfortunately, this was not the case and many of the plants grandfathered in are the ones continually polluting the air the most with its large amounts of acid rain to the atmosphere without being penalized. The acid rain is the result from sulfur dioxide and nitrogen emissions from fossil fuel burning plants. When these substances leave the earth they return as acid rain and harm water streams, national parks, and human health. Many people argue that these unregulated plants are large contributors to human health issues. “Within the power plant sector, these grandfathered plants generate 52 percent of the country's energy, yet produce 97 percent of the acid rain- and haze-causing sulfur dioxide, 85 percent of the ozone smog-causing nitrogen oxide and 99 percent of toxic mercury pollution from the utility sector”(Birdsong, 2000). After many years the federal government took action and implemented changes to the factories regulations grandfathered in by creating “The New Source Review” in where old factories were considered new sources if they expanded or modified their equipment (Save Clean Air Act, 2005). People believe that if grandfathered plants were ordered to follow the CCA standards as all other plants there would be a much more positive effect on air quality (Birdson, 2000).
The Clean Air Act is the elected law which has conveyed to assurance that we have air that isn't contaminated and alright for us to relax. The law principle goal is for public health assurance, and likewise looks to secure the environment from air pollution. The characteristics of the Clean Air Act: Set national health-based air quality standards for insurance against basic pollutants including ozone, carbon monoxide, model dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and lead. New methodologies were made for cleaning of the air to meet the heath standards inside a concurred period. EPA sets national standards for significant wellsprings of air pollution as autos, trucks and electric force plants.
Describe how the use of a tall smoke stack might improve air quality near a large industrial facility. The smoke from a shorter smokestack can become trapped by a temperature inversion and not be able to rise above this inversion. Thereby forcing the smoke to spread out horizontally and cover the area. The smoke from a taller smokestack, at least 500 ft., is more likely able to able to clear the inversion and be dispersed by the wind. However, the pollutants from the tall smokestacks are carried away from the local area and dispersed to other areas downwind (Ahrens 2015, p446).
Baker, O. “Car-emission standards improve rural air.” Science News. 25 Sept. 1999. FindArticles.com. Online. Internet. 24 May 2001.