Contents Page
Introduction 4
Section 1 | Building selection, analysis of structural system and building process 5
Section 1.1 | Building Selection
Section 1.2 | Analysis of the structural system
1.2a | Structural Form
1.2b | Structural Materials
1.2c | Method of structural stability
1.2d | Footings and foundations
1.2e | Constructability
Section 1.3 | Building Process
1.3a | Planning approvals
1.3b | Documentation
1.3c | Site Preparation
1.3d | Programming
Section 2 | Recommendations
Section 3 | Conclusion
Section 4 | References
Introduction
The following report will use a case study to analyse the structural system of an existing high rise building, with this information recommendations will be made to the directors of an architectural firm wanting to move into this area of construction. In the structural analysis section the following areas will be discussed, structural form, structural material, method of structural stability, footings and foundations and constructability. Section two of this report will discuss the building process. Focusing on planning approvals, documentation required, site preparations and programming of construction. After this recommendations will be made followed by conclusions for the report.
Section 1 | Building, Structure, Process
This is the main section of the report. Covering the key elements of which building will be used for the case study, the analysis of the structural system used within the case study and the building process required for this type of development.
Section 1.1| Building Selection
The building that will be studied is the China Central Television Headquarters (CCTV) located in Beijing, China. This building does not foll...
... middle of paper ...
...e firm by gaining jobs by being different from standard designs which will be submitted by other firms. The materials recommended in this case study report are only recommendations, our firm needs to keep in mind that there are various types of jobs which will differ greatly. The structural process discussed is also in relation to the country of China, Australia has different standards in which need to be followed. The context of this building is also another consideration, being Beijing there are already several high rise structures in close proximity of this building, the site may not allow for similar construction methods used within this project.
In conclusion the report above outlines recommendations, which would set our designs apart from others. If our firm follows these suggestions I believe we will have a successful future in high rise tender projects.
...state and local governments to drastically revise the skyscraper building codes in the United States. It would cost far too much money to implement all of the standards that are being requested by state legislatures. In addition, there are many methods that have proven to be more effective means of reducing the threat of terrorism surrounding this country. Though some of the suggested codes have been passed and are now currently in the code, an instant change to building regulations is unlikely. The need for many of these modifications is still under debate and their fates are yet to be determined. Good has come out of the efforts to modify high-rise construction codes, but the potentially beneficial aspects are far outweighed by the negative. Skyscrapers stand tall despite the terrible events of 9/11 and should not be unnecessarily altered because of them.
In her book “The Tall Building Artistically Reconsidered”, architecture critic Ada Louise Huxtable discusses the skyscraper. Huxtable composed a response to Louis Sullivan’s manifesto, “The Tall Office Building Artistically Considered”, which was composed in 1896. In his manifesto, Sullivan states, “It is the pervading law of all … true manifestations of the head, of the heart, of the soul, that the life is recognizable in its expression, that form ever follows function. This is the law.” Sullivan argued that a building’s exterior should reflect the interior functions. The problem with the skyscraper is not a technical one, but an artistic one. Huxtable’s view on the form and function of the skyscraper successfully follows Sullivan’s beliefs.
Two models were created of the frame of the existing building. The first model was done in Revit and was created for the purpose of having a visual representation of the primary framing members of the building combined with the runway beams and columns for the crane system, Figure 14. The second model was done in RISA and was created for the purpose of analyzing the primary framing members for potential modifications.
Abstract: New forms in current world have been testimony to the contemporary style of postmodern architecture and are the strength of today’s generation for creating significant architectural standards. Post modernism has blurred the borders between contemporary and traditional construction classical concepts and simply in the field of art and literature. The architectural elements like domes, arches, and classical shapes have lost their identity but the post modernism tries to bridge between these historical forms and contemporary styles. The related architects not only struggled to achieve the image for the buildings but also rejected oversimplified diagrams for living. The post modernism here tries to achieve theoretical base for their designs that creates the excitement in the design program.
As the environmental problems become more and more serious these years, especially that intense negative impact that buildings in modern cities bring to the cities, the concept of Green Building is being more and more important considered by local and federal government. According to the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), a green building is one that utilizes design and construction practices that significantly reduce or eliminate the negative impact of buildings on the environment and the building's occupants. Besides the more and more advanced building structure and technology, the main goal of green building is to protect the health of the occupants, save energy and reduce pollution to environment. There are many certifications of green buildings to judge whether the building meets the standard of green buildings and what environmental performance level is this building at, to help government regulators, building professionals and consumers to see better how this building can be improved and what is its impact on human beings and environment. Such green building programs include Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), Environmental Protection Agency's Energy Star program, National Association of Home Builders (NAHB Green), etc. Among them, LEED is one of the most popular certification programs that give the building credits for its environmental performance. In this essay, I will discuss the costs and benefits of different types of building projects that were certified by LEED.
1.0 Terms of Reference This formal report has been written for students, government agencies and engineering development companies. Forecasting it to be completed before the 18th May 2015, It serves the purpose of assisting and providing insight to people conducting researches pertaining to this specific topic, whether it is to understand the previous errors made in construction or to improve static structural building standards based on history failures. As acknowledged by the writer, this chosen topic is one of which contains ample debates ranging from a diverse band of perceptions. Hence, the scope of this report will purely cover how the World Trade Centre collapsed on September the 11th 2001 from scientific; mathematical, structural and
In order to create innovative public architecture, considered to be the most civic, costly, time intensive and physical of the arts, the project holds a degree of risk, strife, and negotiation . Overcoming these tasks and creating worthy public architecture is a challenge designers try to accomplish, but are rarely successful. The people involved in a potential public building, can be larger than the building itself. Public architecture tries to please all, even the doubters and critics, but because of the all these factors, a building is closer to failing than succeeding.
But the question is whether or not the architects and contractors followed a set of regulations called building codes while building these structures? What are building codes? According to the International Code Council, building codes are the “government’s official statement on building safety. Technically, it is a compendium of minimum safety standards arranged in a systematic manner for easy reference. It embraces all aspects
D1 - Evaluate the environmental performance of modern materials and techniques used in the construction of substructures for low-rise domestic and commercial buildings, for two different tutor-specified scenarios
Sam Lubell, “Libeskind’s World Trade Center Guidelines Raise Doubts”, Architectural Record, V. 192, No. 6 (June 2004), 47.
In developing this contemporary and iconic building, the design focuses on practical attributes and optimises energy efficiency. The design strategy encapsulates four key aspects:
According to Bemis (1936) “A new conception of the structure of our modern houses is needed, better adapted not only to the social conditions of our day but also to the modern means of production: factories, machinery, technology and research”. Albert Bemis, US housing manufacturer in the early twentieth century has a vested interest in using technology to advance new concepts in the design of houses. Nevertheless he points to the important relationship of the use of technology in the structural design of housing. However, it is difficult to estimate how far changes in technology were responsible for changes in the design of housing as much of the evidence that has been sourced argues that the social, political and economic environments played a significant role in contributing to these design changes. These environments impacted on the urban form and fabric to unify with technology to create change in the design of housing.
Building structure and bridge structure, though built with well-considered design, may still have structural problem or even collapse with time. In this regard, the designer of the structure, which is the civil engineer, may have to bear of responsibility of professional negligence. Nonetheless, most of the engineers should be professional and have followed good control of structure quality, code of practice and good on-site supervision, despite the structure built may fail after the construction. To defense themselves, engineers involved should focus on their legal responsibility on the structure and other factors that lead to the failure of the structure.
Skyscrapers are known to be high-rise buildings that effectively changed the corporate work environment and has altered the way society works and functions. However, it was because of the increasing amount of people in each city and the changing needs of society that caused this design development and progression. The industrial revolution provided pathways to create tall towers, known as skyscrapers, and put large numbers of people in them (Mitchell 1997) and efficiently save space. 19th Century architects found that they could improve ratios of open floor space to solid construction; this could be achieved by using reinforced concrete framing and thin curtain walls. Along with this, they could apply elevators so people can go up high levels in tall buildings without having to climb the stairs (Mi...
While designing any building, one should design it according to the specific standard design codes and also while connecting all the structural members one should maintain proper attention. One should avoid on-site design modifications as much as possible before consulting a structural designer. By taking these necessary precautions, one can prevent the structure from collapse.